scholarly journals Biomarker Effects in Carassius auratus Exposure to Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Ibuprofen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Xueyu Wei ◽  
Jie Wan ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Brain

Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen are three commonly used drugs which can be detected in aquatic environments. To assess their ecotoxicity, the effects of these three pharmaceuticals and their mixture on AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity in the brain, and EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities in the liver of the freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus were tested after exposure for 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. The results showed that treatments with 0.002–0.01 mg/L ofloxacin and 0.0008–0.004 mg/L sulfamethoxazole did not significantly change AChE, EROD and SOD activities. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in response to treatment with >0.05mg/L ofloxacin and >0.02 mg/L sulfamethoxazole. All three biomarkers were induced significantly in treatments with ibuprofen and the mixture of the three pharmaceuticals at all the tested concentrations. The combined effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen were compared with their isolated effects on the three biomarkers, and the results indicated that exposure to ibuprofen and the mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations could trigger adverse impacts on Carassius auratus. The hazard quotient (HQ) index also demonstrated a high risk for ibuprofen. Moreover, the present study showed that the effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen might be additive on the physiological indices of Carassius auratus.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Acacia Honey on Acetylcholinesterase in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Oyeronke A. Odunola ◽  
Michael A. Gbadegesin ◽  
Abdullahi B. Sallau ◽  
Uche S. Ndidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Brain

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite and Acacia honey on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and electrolytes in the brain and serum of Wistar rats. Male Wistar albino rats in four groups of five rats each were treated with distilled water, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg body weight), Acacia honey (20% v/v), and sodium arsenite and Acacia honey, daily for one week. The sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the brain with the combined treatment being more potent. Furthermore, sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the serum. Strong correlation was observed between the sodium and calcium ion levels with acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and serum. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of Acacia honey revealed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, sugar derivatives, and fatty acids. These findings suggest that sodium arsenite and/or Acacia honey modulates acetylcholinesterase activities which may be explored in the management of Alzheimer’s diseases but this might be counteracted by the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenics.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and muscle of Cyprinus carpio and Aristichthys nobilis exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE INEU GOLOMBIESKI ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
GEOVANE BOSCHMANN REIMCHE ◽  
JOELE SCHMITT BAUMART ◽  
JOSEÂNIA SALBEGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Aristichthys Nobilis ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Brain

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) were exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl (50, 100 and 200 mg L-1). These herbicides are used in rice crop in Southern Brazil. Fishes survived to all tested concentrations of both herbicides and showed normal feeding and swimming behavior. Azimsulfuron inhibits significantly acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and muscle of both species, and metsulfuron-methyl increase AChE activity in brain and inhibits in muscle. The present study showed that azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl did not affect C. carpio and A. nobilis behaviors (feeding and swimming), but inhibited AChE activity in brain and muscle tissues of these species.

Inhibition of Nicotine Dependence by Curcuminoid Is Associated with Reduced Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Mouse Brain

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gofarana Wilar ◽  
Kusnandar Anggadiredja ◽  
Yasuharu Shinoda ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Reward Pathway ◽  
The Brain

Nicotine is a stimulatory component in tobacco that activates the central nervous system reward pathway and causes nicotine dependence. We found that the anti-inflammatory agent, curcuminoid, prevents nicotine dependence and relapse, as assessed by the conditioned placed preference test. Curcuminoid (1, 3.2, and 10 mg·kg–1, oral) dose-dependently inhibited nicotine dependence and enhanced nicotine extinction when administrated 30 min prior to nicotine administration (0.5 mg·kg–1, i.p.) for 7 days. In addition, curcuminoid significantly suppressed the priming effects of nicotine and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Taken together, curcuminoid ameliorates nicotine dependence and relapse, in part via the inhibition of the AChE activity in the brain.

The Effect of Galactose Metabolic Disorders on Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Tsakiris ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Classical Galactosemia ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Brain Ache ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Abstract To evaluate whether in classical galactosemia galactose (Gal), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and galactitol (Galtol) affect brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, various concentrations (1-16 mм) of these compounds were preincubated with brain homogenates of suckling rats as well as with pure eel Electroforus electricus AChE at 37 °C for 1 h. Initially, Galtol (up to 2.0 mм) increased (25%) AChE activity which decreased, thereafter, reaching the control value in high Galtol concentrations. Gal-1-P decreased gradually the enzyme activity reaching a plateau (38%), when incubated with 8-16 mM. However, when the usually found 2 mм of Galtol and 2 mм of Gal-1-P. concentrations in galactosemia were added in the incubation mixture simultaneously, brain AChE was stimulated (16%). Galtol or Gal-1-P modulated brain AChE as well as enzyme activity of E.electricus in the same way. Gal, Glucose (Glu) and glucose-1-phosphate (Glu-1-P) had no effect on AChE activity. It is suggested that Galtol as well as Gal-1-P can affect acetylcholine degradation acting directly on AChE molecule. Consequently the direct action of these substances on the enzyme might explain the brain cholinergic dysfunction in untreated galactosemia patients.

scholarly journals Differential effects of statins and alendronate on cholinesterases in serum and brain of rats

2007 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
L Cibičková ◽  
V Palička ◽  
N Cibiček ◽  
E Čermáková ◽  
S Mičuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors represent standard treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cholesterol plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease development. Because cholesterol synthesis may be inhibited by statins or bisphosphonates, we hypothesized that these drugs might possibly have an influence on cholinesterases. Moreover, we also evaluated if the cholesterol-lowering agents that cross the blood-brain barrier (e.g. simvastatin) should be more effective than those which do not (e.g. atorvastatin). Four groups of rats were orally administered simvastatin, atorvastatin, alendronate or vehicle for seven days. Thereafter, blood samples were taken and the basal ganglia, septum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were isolated from brains for measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity. In the blood, activities of neither acetyl- nor butyrylcholinesterase were influenced by any of the applied drugs. In the brain, no significant changes in AChE activity were observed after administration of atorvastatin. Both simvastatin and alendronate significantly suppressed the activity of AChE in the frontal cortex. In conclusion, our results confirmed the hypothesis that cholesterol-modifying drugs modulate AChE activity and it is more reasonable to use a blood-brain barrier penetrating drug.

scholarly journals Preparing a rat brain tissue samples for acetylcholinesterase activity measurement: The MM method

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Sonja Marinković ◽  
Đorđe Đukanović ◽  
Nebojša Mandić-Kovačević ◽  
Tanja Cvjetković ◽  
Snežana Uletilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Brain

Background/Aim: Organophosphorus compounds (OP) bind to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causing an irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. When doing in vivo studies of OP intoxication, to precisely measure AChE activity in the brain tissue it is necessary to remove as much blood from the brain as possible. By doing so, interference of the OPs present in the blood is avoided. Usually this demands expensive equipment, therefore, the aim of this study was to find a simple and economical method to eliminate the blood from brain blood vessels. Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups named Control (C), Control washout (CW), Paraoxon (Pox) and Paraoxon washout (PoxW) group. Rats in Pox and PoxW were treated with 0.25 mg/kg paraoxon subcutaneously (sc), while C and CW received 1 mL/kg sc saline instead. The "Marinković-Maksimović" ("MM") method was performed in rats from PoxW and CW groups. Activity of AChE was measured both in erythrocyte lysate and in brain tissue using spectrophotometry. Results: Macroscopic examination revealed that the elimination of blood was achieved in CW and PoxW groups. Activity of AChE in homogenised brain tissue was expectedly lower in the Pox and PoxW group, when compared to C and CW group, respectively. The CW group had a lower value of AChE activity in the brain tissue compared to C group, while activity of AChE in the PoxW group was statistically higher than in the Pox group (p = 0.044). Conclusion: The MM method provides good elimination of blood from the brain. Together with blood, present confounding factors that interfere with analysis in homogenised brain tissue, were also eliminated.

Changes of acetylcholinesterase activity after long-term exposure to sarin vapors in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bartosova-Sevelova ◽  
J Bajgar
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body Inhalation ◽  
The Brain

In our study, rats were exposed to sarin vapors for 240 min at four different concentrations (0.30, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.82 mg/L) in a whole-body inhalation chamber. The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) was measured in the whole blood, frontal cortex (FC), pontomedullar area (PM) and basal ganglia (BG). Convulsions and hypersalivation were observed in only one animal of the group exposed to the highest sarin concentration. The decrease in blood AChE activity was significant in all animals exposed to sarin vapors. The highest inhibition of AChE activity (61%) was determined in animals exposed to sarin vapors at a concentration of 0.82 μg/L. In the PM, AChE activity was decreased in all experimental groups, significantly only in the group exposed to sarin vapors at a concentration of 0.58 μg/L. Our results show that in long-term exposure to low concentrations of sarin, the significant decrease in AChE activity in the blood is followed by significant changes of AChE activity in the PM only. This part of the brain seems to be more sensitive than the FC or BG.

Neurotransmitter systems of female mouse brain during growth of malignant melanoma modeled on the background of chronic pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
О.И. Кит ◽  
И.М. Котиева ◽  
Е.М. Франциянц ◽  
И.В. Каплиева ◽  
Л.К. Трепитаки ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Female Mouse ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Известно, что биогенные амины (БА) участвуют в злокачественном росте, их уровень изменяется в ЦНС при болевом воздействии, однако исследований о сочетанном влиянии хронической боли (ХБ) и онкопатологии на динамику БА в головном мозге не проводилось. Цель: изучить особенности баланса БА в коре головного мозга в динамике роста меланомы, воспроизведенной на фоне ХБ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 64 мышах-самках, весом 21-22 г. Животным основной группы меланому В16/F10 перевивали под кожу спины через 2 недели после перевязки седалищных нервов. Группой сравнения служили мыши с меланомой без боли. Уровни БА: адреналина, норадреналина, дофамина (ДА), серотонина (5-НТ), гистамина, а также 5-ОИУК определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. У мышей с ХБ уменьшается содержание большинства БА, однако уровень ДА не изменяется. Метаболизм 5-НТ происходит с участием МАО. Развитие меланомы сопровождается увеличением содержания ДА и 5-НТ, тогда как МАО - ингибируется. Направленность сдвигов БА при развитии меланомы на фоне ХБ оказалась практически такой же, как и без неё. В то же время ХБ ограничивает накопление 5-НТ в коре мозга при меланоме, что сопровождается более агрессивным её течением. Выводы. ХБ ограничивает включение стресс-лимитирующих механизмов в головном мозге при развитии меланомы у мышей, что приводит к более агрессивному течению злокачественного процесса. Biogenic amines (BA) are known to be involved in malignant growth, and their CNS levels change in pain; however, there are no studies of combined effects of chronic pain (CP) and cancer on BA dynamics in the brain. Aim: To study features of BA balance in the cerebral cortex during melanoma growth associated with CP. Material and methods. The study included 64 female mice weighing 21-22 g. In the main groups, B16/F10 melanoma was transplanted under the skin of the back two weeks following sciatic nerve ligation. Mice with melanoma without pain were used as the control. Concentrations of BA: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), histamine and 5-HIAA were measured with ELISA. Results. Concentrations of BAs decreased in mice with CP although DA levels did not change. 5-HT metabolism involved MAO. The development of melanoma was accompanied by increases in DA and 5-HT whereas MAO was inhibited. The direction of BA changes during the development of melanoma was the same with and without CP. At the same time, CP with melanoma limited accumulation of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex, which resulted in even more aggressive course of cancer. Conclusion. CP restricted the activation of cerebral stress-limiting mechanisms during the development of melanoma in mice, which resulted in a more aggressive course of disease.

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