scholarly journals CASE STUDY: THE LIGNOCELLULOSIC COMPONENTS INTERFERENCES IN THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF BRAZILIAN SAVANA BIOMASS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. da S. Miranda ◽  
M. G. Guimarães ◽  
N. A. Viana ◽  
N. N. Moura ◽  
B. S. Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Temperature Peak ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

The residual biomass has become increasingly important in the energy scenario due to its energetic potential and easy acquisition in isolated communities. The heterogeneous nature of biomass makes the analysis of its composition a relevant factor in the development of thermochemical processes. Several researchers show that understanding this heterogeinidade of biomass can be a strategy for optimization and search efficiency of thermochemical processes, since it is possible to predict the results and in addition, the reactor design based on the characteristics of biomass. In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the behavior of three biomass of the Brazilian savana - Dipteryx alata (baru), Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado) and Caryocar brasiliense (pequi), comparing the lignocellulosic results with the thermal behavior obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis were compared with results of several researchers, confirming that those analysis are parameters that influence the yield of the desired product. The results of this work elucidate that the moisture and extractives content of pequi is greater than the other biomass and that the temperature peak of cellulose and lignin from all biomass in this study are quite close. However, the hemicellulose’s temperature peak of pequi is lower than baru and jatobá’s temperature peak. Moreover, the results showed that the composition of the lignocellulosic biomass is an extremely important factor in selecting the greater reactivity material.

The Heterogeneous Nature of Urban Poor Families

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Salcedo ◽  
Alejandra Rasse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Different Cultures

This paper addresses the scholarly debate on cultural homogeneity or heterogeneity of urban poor families. While authors such as Lewis (1959) or Wacquant (2000 ; 2001) claim that structural disadvantages are linked to a particular type of identity or culture, others such as Hannerz (1969) , Anderson (1999 ; 2002) , or Portes ( Portes and Manning, 1986 ; Portes and Jensen, 1989 ) believe that it is possible to find different behaviors, expectations, decision–making processes, and outcomes among people living in seemingly identical structural conditions ( Small et al., 2010 ). Using Santiago, Chile, as a case study, we differentiate five different cultures or identities among the poor. Those identities seem to be the product of different historical and political circumstances, as well as of different types of public policies. The paper ends with a discussion of the need for poverty reduction policies to consider these differences among the poor.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Cocrystal: A Case Study of Ketoprofen-Malonic Acid and Ketoprofen-Nicotinamide Cocrystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2679-2687
Author(s):  
Yudi Wicaksono ◽  
Dwi Setyawan ◽  
Ari Satia Nugraha ◽  
Siswandono Siswandono
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Malonic Acid

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasification Processes

2015 ◽  
pp. 199-240
Author(s):  
Edgardo Olivares Gómez ◽  
Renato Cruz Neves ◽  
Elisa Magalhães de Medeiros ◽  
Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

In recent years, attention has focused on exergy analysis, a type of thermodynamic analysis which is an important tool for the efficiency assessment and the processes optimization when dealing with energy conversion and, particularly, thermochemical processes such as gasification. Thus, this chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy and describe the energy and exergy evaluation tools, elucidating its importance for calculations applied to gasification processes. A case study was performed to show the proposal of energy and exergy analysis. Therefore, a single global gasification chemical reaction was used to represent the gasification process. This analysis can provide a tool to assess and develop models, simulations, calculations, and to optimize real gasification processes. Information and experiences covered in this chapter help to be put into perspective the technology, research and overcoming of challenges.

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasification Processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 1613-1646
Author(s):  
Edgardo Olivares Gómez ◽  
Renato Cruz Neves ◽  
Elisa Magalhães de Medeiros ◽  
Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

In recent years, attention has focused on exergy analysis, a type of thermodynamic analysis which is an important tool for the efficiency assessment and the processes optimization when dealing with energy conversion and, particularly, thermochemical processes such as gasification. Thus, this chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy and describe the energy and exergy evaluation tools, elucidating its importance for calculations applied to gasification processes. A case study was performed to show the proposal of energy and exergy analysis. Therefore, a single global gasification chemical reaction was used to represent the gasification process. This analysis can provide a tool to assess and develop models, simulations, calculations, and to optimize real gasification processes. Information and experiences covered in this chapter help to be put into perspective the technology, research and overcoming of challenges.

scholarly journals Models of Strategic Management Scanning Based on Trend Heuristics as the Least Information Intensive Quantifiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Jiri Kriz ◽  
Mirko Dohnal ◽  
Katerina Fojtu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Straightforward Application ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Information Input ◽  
Multidimensional Process

SS (Strategic Scanning) is unique, partially subjective, inconsistent, interdisciplinary, vague and multidimensional process. Its description and optimisation suffers from IS (Information Shortage) and heterogeneity. IS eliminates straightforward application of traditional statistical methods. Heterogeneity problems are caused by heterogeneous nature of scanned information structures. Artificial Intelligence has developed some tools to solve such problems. Qualitative reasoning is one of them. It is based on the least information intensive quantifiers i.e. trends. There are four different trends i.e. qualitative values and their derivatives: plus/increasing; zero/constant; negative/decreasing; any value / any trend. The paper studies SS models based on ELEs (Equationless Heuristics). An example of ELE is – If novelity is increasing then confidence is decreasing. A solution of a qualitative model is represented by a set S of scenarios and a set T of time transitions among these scenarios. The key information input into an ELE model is subjective knowledge of experts. A consensus among SS experts is often not reached because of inconsistencies of experts’ knowledge. The SS case study is 12 dimensional (e.g. Freshness, Relevance) and based on 12 ELEs. There are 29 scenarios.

Understanding the Heterogeneity of International Students’ Experiences: A Case Study of Chinese International Students in U.S. Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang T. Heng
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
International Student ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Chinese International Students ◽  
Content Preparation ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature

Scholars have critiqued the current understanding of international students for glossing over its diversity, resulting in the reification of the “international student experience” as either homogeneous or clustered along nationality. Through a qualitative case study of 18 Chinese international students, this article examines the heterogeneity of their experiences despite a common nationality. Findings reveal that Chinese international students’ communication in English, engagement with subject content, preparation for the future, and participation in extracurricular activities vary by year of study, field of study, and, to a small extent, gender. Even within a single nationality, experiences of students are uneven and intersect across various categorical lines, suggesting the possibility that other international students may encounter diverse and intersectional experiences as well. Findings point to how we need to re-conceive and research international students by examining the heterogeneous nature of their experiences, and how higher education institutions can differentiate support given to internationals.

scholarly journals Policy Congruence in a Competitive Authoritarian Regime: Learning from the Angolan Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Belchior ◽  
Edalina Rodrigues Sanches ◽  
Gildo Matias José
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Dominant Parties

Building on the theoretical proposition that congruence is as much a property to be measured in authoritarian regimes as it is in democratic regimes, the aim of this article is to understand the phenomenon of ideological and political congruence in Angola. To carry out this analysis, we rely on two original surveys, conducted in 2012 with members of parliament (MPs) and college students (voters), covering equivalent policy issues. The results, to some extent exploratory, suggest moderate levels of congruence between MPs and voters. This article contributes to the existing scholarship through a case study that escapes a golden rule in this field – i.e., it is not a democracy. Moreover, it features congruence as a potentially relevant factor in understanding dominant parties’ persistence in authoritarian settings.

Coleta, processamento, comercialização e sustentabilidade da produção extrativista da região sudoeste Mato Grossense, Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Maurício Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves ◽  
Marcela De Almeida Silva ◽  
Sophia Leitão Pastorello de Paiva ◽  
Jesã Pereira Kreitlow
Keyword(s):  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

RESUMO: O extrativismo vegetal é uma atividade realizada desde os primórdios da civilização, praticada pelos povos nativos que habitavam o território brasileiro há mais de quinhentos anos, na atualidade, vários agricultores familiares de assentamentos e comunidades rurais desenvolvem a prática do extrativismo. Este trabalho visa investigar a produção extrativista, com abordagem sobre coleta, processamento, comercialização e sustentabilidade do extrativismo desenvolvido pelos agricultores familiares da região Sudoeste Mato-grossense, contidos na bacia do Alto Paraguai. O estudo de campo foi conduzido entre março e julho de 2012. Foram identificados a atividade extrativista de frutos do Cerrado em três assentamentos: a) Bom Jardim/Furna São José, b) Corixo, e c) Margarida Alves, o que encaminhou a definição do universo de pesquisa a corresponder a 100%. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, posteriormente foram elaboradas cartas-imagem dos assentamentos, com destaque para as áreas de coleta via Geotecnologias. Conclui-se que a produção extrativista na área de estudo é praticada por trinta famílias que coletam cumbaru (Dipteryx alata), pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e babaçu (Attalea speciosa), para alimentação e para complementar a renda via comercialização de subprodutos dos frutos nos próprios assentamentos e via mercado institucional (políticas públicas). Os agricultores familiares praticam um extrativismo sustentável, pois retiram em média de 14% a 34% dos frutos do ambiente, deixando o restante para a alimentação da fauna silvestre; utilizam práticas sustentáveis, com destaque para produção de mudas para enriquecer as áreas de coleta, contribuindo para a regeneração de novas espécies e o crescimento populacional das fruteiras nativas da região.

Thermal Behavior of Soils Under Tidal Effect: A Case Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Moreira ◽  
José Macías ◽  
Ruben Hidalgo-León ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Tidal Effect ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

This research analyzes the tidal effect in the thermal properties of the ground for a case study in Guayaquil, Ecuador. A thermal response test (TRT) performed near the shore of the Guayas river presented periodic fluctuations in the thermal behavior concurrent with the tide cycle. First, an analytical solution for tide-induced water table fluctuations was used for the determination of the phreatic level for the days of the test. The analytical model accounted for the horizontal distance from the shore, the ground porosity, and permeability. Afterward, a geometric mean model was used to predict the thermal conductivity of soil considering the groundwater level fluctuations. Finally, a correlation between the effective thermal capacity of the ground and the phreatic level in the soil was found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document