MODELAGEM DE MATERIAL COMBUSTÍVEL EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda NO NORTE DE SANTA CATARINA

Um inventário foi conduzido em Três Barras, Santa Catarina, para quantificar e modelar material combustível superficial vivo e morto em plantações de Pinus taeda. De forma sistemática foram estabelecidas 20 parcelas para cada povoamento de 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, e 17 anos de idade, nas quais foram medidos a carga de combustível, o DAP, a altura e o diâmetro dominantes, a área basal e a espessura da liteira. Nove modelos foram ajustados através dos métodos Stepwise e “todas as regressões possíveis”. O melhor modelo para estimar a carga de acículas foi (R2 = 0,9563), ajustado com base na espessura (S) da camada de acículas. Para a carga de combustível morto de até 2,5 cm de espessura o melhor modelo foi (R2 = 0,8577). O modelo considerado mais adequado para determinação da carga total de combustível foi (R2 = 0,7034). Três gráficos para estimativa indireta do combustível e um calibrador para estimar a carga de acículas são também apresentados. FUEL MODELING IN Pinus taeda PLANTATIONS IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL Abstract A fuel inventory was conducted in Três Barras county, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (26o15’ S latitude and 50o48’W longitude), in order to develop predicting models for fuel loading in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. Sampling was done in 03, 05, 07, 09, 11, 13, 15, and 17-year-old stands, covering the whole rotation of the plantations. Twenty (20) plots of 1.0m2 (1.0x1.0m) were randomly located in each stand, totalizing 160 plots. The independent variables measured in the stands were age (in years), mean DBH (cm), dominant DBH (cm), dominant height of the trees (m), basal area (m2), and fuel bed depth (cm). The dependent variables were live surface fuel, dead foliage (needles), dead woody fuel (separated by size classes), and total fuel load, all measured in ton.ha-1 (oven dry weight). Results showed good correlation between fuel bed depth and age and most of the dependent (fuel related) variables. Live surface fuel only presented significant correlation with mean DBH and basal area. However, live surface fuel was only significant in the 3-year-old plantation, and practically disappeared when the pines canopy intercepted most of the sun light, usually after the 5th year. Models were developed to estimate the following variables: dead foliage (Wa) dead fuel up to 10-hour (Æ £ 2.5cm) timelag (W10), and total fuel load (WT). Independent variables were chosen not only by the correlation coefficients, but also for the measuring facility, and based on these principles, fuel bed depth (S), age (I), dominant height (hdom), and dominant DBH (Ddom) were selected. The models were built through the Stepwise method, using the Statistic 5.0 software. Fuel bed depth was the variable that provided best fits for all predicting models, and the inclusion of other independent variables did not improve the models precision. The best model to estimate the needles load was (R2 = 0,9563); to estimate dead fine fuel load was (R2 = 0,8577); and to estimate the total fuel load was (R2 = 0,7034). Total fuel load in the loblolly pine plantations in the studied site ranged from approximately 6.0 to 21.0 ton.ha-1.

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Crown efficiency in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) spacing experiment

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x98-115 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1344-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hubert Sterba ◽

Ralph L Amateis

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Height ◽

Projection Area ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Crown Projection Area ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Crown Closure

Crown efficiency was first defined by Assmann (1961. Waldertragskunde. BLV, München) as individual tree volume increment per unit of crown projection area. He hypothesized that within a given crown class, smaller crowns are more efficient because their ratio between crown surface and horizontal crown projection is higher. Data from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing experiment were used to test if this hypothesis also holds in young loblolly pine stands and, if so, to determine if it explains the increment differences between spacings in the spacing experiment. Using individual tree height relative to plot dominant height to describe crown class, within-plot regression showed that crown efficiency decreased with crown size for trees below dominant height. This relationship was much less pronounced than indicated from Assmann's examples, although the crown surface to crown projection ratio behaved in the same way as Assmann had hypothesized. Crown efficiency as well as the crown surface to crown projection area ratio decreased with increasing density. Basal area increment per hectare increased until total crown closure approached 130% and then stayed constant. This major impact of total crown coverage brings into question the usefullness of crown efficiency as an indicator for unit area growth.

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USO DE MODELOS ESTATÍSTICOS PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SÍTIOS EM POVOAMENTOS DE Pinus taeda NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR – SC

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v41i1.21201 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saulo Jorge Téo ◽

Diego Ricardo Bressan ◽

Reinaldo Hoinacki da Costa

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Statistical Models ◽

Site Index ◽

Site Classification ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Santa Catarina State

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar diferentes modelos estatísticos para ajuste de curvas de índice de sítio e verificar se as curvas anamórficas geradas foram satisfatórias para classificação de sítios em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L. na região de Caçador, SC. Os dados de altura dominante (hdom) utilizados nesta pesquisa foram obtidos de parcelas permanentes de área fixa e formato retangular, com áreas de 500 e 625 m². As parcelas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória nos povoamentos, a fim de abranger a maior variabilidade possível de produtividade. A seleção do melhor modelo estatístico ajustado foi feita por meio das seguintes estatísticas de ajuste e precisão: coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj), erro padrão da estimativa (Syx), erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx%) e distribuição de resíduos em porcentagem. O modelo monomolecular apresentou os melhores resultados para os critérios de seleção, portanto foi escolhido para a construção das curvas de índice de sítio pelo método da curva guia. Depois de se proceder à classificação de sítios, foram realizados testes de anamorfismo, os quais indicaram o padrão anamórfico das curvas geradas pelo modelo estatístico ajustado para classificação de sítios dos povoamentos de Pinus taeda na região de Caçador, SC.Palavras-chave: Modelos estatísticos; teste de anamorfismo; curvas de índice de sítio; altura dominante. AbstractUse of statistical modells for site classification of Pinus taeda plantation in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. This study aimed to test different statistical models for fitting site index curves and check if the anamorphic curves generated were satisfactory to classify the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The data of dominant height (hdom) used in this study were obtained from permanent plots of fixed area and rectangular shape, with areas of 500 and 625 square meters. The plots were distributed randomly in the stands to cover the largest possible variability of productivity. The selection of the best equation was made by the following fitting and precision statistics: adjusted coefficient of determination (R²aj), standard error of estimation (Syx), standard error of estimate in percentage (Syx%) and graphical distribution of the residuals in percentage. The monomolecular model showed the best performance, so it was chosen for the construction of the site index curves by guide curve method. After construction of the site index curves, the stability of the curves was also tested, which indicated the anamorphic pattern of the curves generated by the equation for site classification of loblolly pine plantations in the region of Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.Keywords: Statistical models; test of anamorphism; site index curves; dominant height.

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A Dynamic Stand Growth Model System for Loblolly Pine Responding to Mid-Rotation Treatments

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Mauricio Zapata-Cuartas ◽

Bronson P. Bullock ◽

Cristian R. Montes ◽

Michael B. Kane

Keyword(s):

Growth Model ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Model System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Site Quality ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Plantation Management ◽

Vegetation Control ◽

Dominant Height

Intensive loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation management in the southeastern United States includes mid-rotation silvicultural practices (MRSP) like thinning, fertilization, competitive vegetation control, and their combinations. Consistent and well-designed long-term studies considering interactions of MRSP are required to produce accurate projections and evaluate management decisions. Here we use longitudinal data from the regional Mid-Rotation Treatment study established by the Plantation Management Research Cooperative (PMRC) at the University of Georgia across the southeast U.S. to fit and validate a new dynamic model system rooted in theoretical and biological principles. A Weibull pdf was used as a modifier function coupled with the basal area growth model. The growth model system and error projection functions were estimated simultaneously. The new formulation results in a compatible and consistent growth and yield system and provides temporal responses to treatment. The results indicated that the model projections reproduce the observed behavior of stand characteristics. The model has high predictive accuracy (the cross-validation variance explained was 96.2%, 99.7%, and 98.6%; and the prediction root mean square distance was 0.704 m, 19.1 trees ha−1, and 1.03 m2ha−1 for dominant height (DH), trees per hectare (N), and basal area (BA), respectively), and can be used to project the current stand attributes following combinations of MRSP and with different thinning intensities. Simulations across southern physiographic regions allow us to conclude that the most overall ranking of MRSP after thinning is fertilization + competitive vegetation control (Fert + CVC) > fertilization only (Fert) > competitive vegetation control only (CVC), and Fert + CVC show less than additive effect. Because of the model structure, the response to treatment changes with location, age of application, and dominant height growth as indicators of site quality. Therefore, the proposed model adequately represents regional growth conditions.

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The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.803 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (7) ◽

pp. 803-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽

Michelle M. Cram

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Root Weight ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Proper Diagnosis ◽

Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

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A Habitat Suitability Index for White-Tailed Deer in the Piedmont

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/13.1.12 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hewlette S. Crawford ◽

R. Larry Marchinton

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Habitat Suitability ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

Habitat Suitability Index ◽

Suitability Index ◽

Private And Public ◽

Autumn And Winter

Abstract A habitat suitability index based on winter foods was designed to evaluate habitat changes affecting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. Habitat components incorporated in the index were (1) the standing crop of availableherbaceous vegetation and leaves of woody plants remaining green during late autumn and winter, (2) basal area of oak (Quercus spp.) 10" dbh and larger, (3) number of oak species in the stand ≥5% of total basal area, (4) site index of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) or mixed oak, (5) percentageof agricultural land, and (6) distance from agricultural land to forest or shrub cover. The rationale for inclusion of each component of the index is given, and methods for sampling each habitat component are described. The index should be useful on private small landownerships as well ason larger private and public holdings. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1):12-16

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Thinned Loblolly Pine Stand Growth Improved by Early Hardwood Suppression

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/15.1.22 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

Terry R. Clason

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Data ◽

Stand Growth ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A hardwood suppression treatment applied to a 7-year-old, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation enhanced projected productivity through a 35-year rotation that included three commercial thinnings. By age 22, growth data showed that hardwood removal treatments had larger pines and smaller hardwoods than check treatments. Fifteen-year pine basal area and merchantable volume growth on hardwood removal plots exceeded the check plots by 25 and 27%. Projected growth between ages 22 and 35 indicated that 28 years after early hardwood removal thinned plantation merchantable volume yields improved by 840 ft³ per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):22-27.

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Eight-Year Performance of Loblolly Pine with Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae on a Good-Quality Forest Site

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/12.4.275 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Donald H. Marx ◽

Charles E. Cordell ◽

Alexander Clark

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Site Index ◽

Forest Site ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Area Growth ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Crown Closure

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings with different initial amounts of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizae (Pt index 0, 27, 46, 68, or 88) were planted on a good-quality site (site index 90 ft at age 50) in southwest Georgia. After 8 years and crown closure, trees with Pt indices of 88 and 68 had significantly better survival and greater heights, diameters, volumes, and green weights per tree and per ac than nursery-run, control seedlings (Pt index 0). Volume and weight yields per ac were over 50% greater and volume and weight yields per tree were over 20% greater for trees in the Pt index 88 treatment than they were for control trees. A special statistical analysis indicated that average per ac volume was positively correlated with initial Pt index values larger than 58. Tree-ring analyses showed that trees with a Pt index of 88 had significantly greater annual basal area growth than controls during growing seasons with water deficits of 8 to 13 in. Annual growth did not differ when water deficits were greater or less than these amounts. After 8 years, Pt basidiocarps were present throughout the study site. Mycorrhizal treatment integrity may have been lost after 3 or 4 years. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):275-280

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The Effect of Physiographic Region and Geographic Locale on Predicting the Dominant Height and Basal Area of Loblolly Pine Plantations

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/30.3.147 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ralph L. Amateis ◽

Stephen P. Prisley ◽

Harold E. Burkhart ◽

Jiping Liu

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Basal Area ◽

Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Northern Latitudes ◽

Intensively Managed ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Atlantic Coastal

Abstract Analysis of loblolly pine plantation permanent plot data established across the southeastern United States indicates that differences in dominant height and stand basal area may be related to geographic locale as well as physiographic region. In general, holding other factors constant,plantations at southern latitudes and eastern longitudes have less basal area than plantations at northern latitudes and western longitudes. Plantations at southern latitudes and eastern longitudes in the Atlantic Coastal Plain are generally taller than elsewhere in the Atlantic Coastal Plain.These trends were consistent for a younger population of intensively managed plantations, as well as for an older population of nonintensively managed plantations. Regression equations were developed to test the significance of geographic location on the prediction of basal area and dominantheight. Even in the presence of stand variables that are highly correlated with basal area and dominant height, latitude and longitude were highly significant predictors. Including them as predictor variables increased considerably the precision of the regression equations. South. J. Appl.For. 30(3):142–146.

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Stand level pine response to occupancy of woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x99-068 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 979-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dwight K Lauer ◽

Glenn R Glover

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

First Year ◽

Shrub Cover ◽

Herbaceous Vegetation ◽

Vegetation Control ◽

Competing Vegetation ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Stand Basal Area

The relationship between age-5 pine height and vegetation cover was estimated for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands using regression analysis. This paper utilizes results from four locations of a vegetation control study that included herbicide treatments to control woody shrub and herbaceous vegetation. Age-5 average dominant height was predicted from first-year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, and fifth-year shrub cover. Dominant height increased 0.5 m for each decrease of about 30% in either first year herbaceous cover, untreated first-year shrub cover, or year-5 shrub cover. Lack of vegetation control on beds where vegetation was allowed to recolonize before planting reduced dominant height an additional 0.5 m. A competition index was constructed that estimates the difference between "potential" and actual age-5 pine height. Stand-level models were developed to link age-5 pine height and occupancy of competing vegetation to quadratic mean DBH, specific DBH percentiles, and stand basal area. The effects of interspecific competition on stand basal area and diameter percentiles could be accounted for through the effects of competing vegetation on dominant height except for treatments that did not control woody shrubs.

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WholeTree Substrate and Fertilizer Rate in Production of Greenhouse-grown Petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.) and Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.3.700 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 700-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Glenn B. Fain ◽

Charles H. Gilliam ◽

Jeff L. Sibley ◽

Cheryl R. Boyer ◽

Anthony L. Witcher

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Petunia Hybrida ◽

Ground Level ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Starter Fertilizer ◽

Industry Standard

A substrate component (WholeTree) made from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated along with starter fertilizer rate in the production of greenhouse-grown petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm. ‘Dreams Purple’) and marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Hero Spry’). Loblolly pine from a 12-year-old plantation were harvested at ground level, chipped, and further processed through a hammer mill to pass a 0.64-cm screen. The resulting WholeTree (WT) substrate was used alone or combined with 20% (WTP2) or 50% (WTP5) (by volume) Canadian sphagnum peatmoss and compared with an industry standard peat-lite (PL) mix of 8 peatmoss : 1 vermiculite : 1 perlite (by volume). Substrates were amended with 1.78 kg·m−3 dolomitic lime, 0.59 kg·m−3 gypsum [CaSO4-2(H2O)], 0.44 kg·m−3 Micromax, 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–9.9K (3- to 4-month release), and 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–10.8K (5- to 6-month release). A 7N–1.3P–8.3K starter fertilizer (SF) was added to each substrate at 0.0, 1.19, 2.37, or 3.56 kg·m−3. Container capacity (CC) was greatest for PL and decreased as the percentage of peatmoss in the substrate decreased with WT having 35% less CC than PL. Conversely, air space (AS) was greatest for the WT and decreased as percentage of peatmoss increased with PL containing 33% less AS than WT. In general, petunia dry weight was greatest for any substrate containing peatmoss with a SF rate of 2.37 kg·m−3 or greater. The exception was that petunia grown in WT at 3.56 kg·m−3 SF had similar dry weight as all other treatments. Marigold dry weight was similar for all substrates where at least 2.37 kg·m−3 SF was used.

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