EFEITO DO DESMATAMENTO NO ESTABELECIMENTO DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM UM CERRADO Sensu stricto

FLORESTA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Valéria Rezende ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Floristic Richness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Kielmeyera Coriacea

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes tipos de corte raso no estabelecimento da vegetação lenhosa arbóreaarbustiva de um cerrado sensu stricto, localizado em Brasília, DF. Em 1988 foi implantado na área de estudo um experimento contendo dezoito parcelas de 20x50m submetidas a seis tratamentos envolvendo diferentes combinações de corte. Antes da implantação dos tratamentos foram registrados em cada parcela os indivíduos lenhosos com Db ≥ 5cm. Em 2000 foi realizado o levantamento dos indivíduos (Db ≥ 5cm) estabelecidos em todas as parcelas. Verificou-se que os impactos dos tratamentos variaram de acordo com a intensidade. Riqueza florística, similaridade, diversidade e estrutura atingiram valores próximos aos encontrados na flora original. Espécies pouco representativas do cerrado estudado destacaram-se nas áreas que sofreram os distúrbios, entretanto, foram também registradas altas densidades de espécies importantes da flora original: Caryocar brasiliense, Kielmeyera coriacea, Ouratea hexasperma e Qualea grandiflora. Os resultados sugerem que a comunidade apresenta alto grau de resiliência. Effect of the clearcutting on woody species establishment in a cerrado sensu stricto Abstract The effect of the clearcutting on the floristic and structure was assessed in cerrado sensu stricto woody vegetation, in Brasília, DF, Brazil. In 1988, eighteen plots of 20x50m of the cerrado were subjected to six treatments with different types of clearcutting. Prior to the treatments, all individuals with Db ≥ 5cm were registered. A new assessment of all woody individuals with Db ≥ 5cm that colonized all areas was conducted in 2000. The impacts of the treatments varied according to their intensity but in eleven years, the floristic richness, similarity, diversity and structure reached values near to the values of the original flora. The various treatments favoured the establishment of several species with small densities in the original flora and other abundant too such as Caryocar brasiliense, Kielmeyera coriacea, Ouratea hexasperma and Qualea grandiflora. The results suggested a highly resilient community.

scholarly journals Effects of prescribed fires on the survival and release of seeds of Kielmeyera coriacea (Spr.) Mart. (Clusiaceae) in savannas of Central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cirne ◽  
Heloisa Sinátora Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Kielmeyera Coriacea

Effects of prescribed fires on survival and release of seeds of the woody species Kielmeyera coriacea (Clusiaceae) were investigated in two plots of cerrado sensu stricto, a savanna vegetation of Central Brazil. The first plot was burnt in June, at the beginning of the dry season, and the second in August, in the middle of the dry season. Seed survival was measured after fire in both areas and related to internal and external fruit temperatures measured during the June fire. The proportion of open fruits per individual of K. coriacea was also assessed at two-week intervals. Maximum external temperatures during fire (393 to 734ºC) were strongly reduced inside the fruits (61 to 63ºC). Before the June fire, the majority of the fruits were closed in both plots. Most fruits in the June plot opened within two weeks following the burning while, in the same period, most fruits remained closed in the August plot. Fifteen days after the prescribed fire in the August plot most fruits opened, as observed in the June plot. No germination was observed in seeds from closed fruits collected before the fire, while those from fruits that were closed during the burning showed a high mean germination rate (June = 79 ± 12%; August = 69 ± 14%). The results indicate that fruits of K. coriacea are good insulators for seeds during fires and that seed release is anticipated independently of the burning season.

scholarly journals Fitossociologia de um fragmento de cerrado sensu stricto na APA do Paranoá, DF, Brasil

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Lelis Assunção ◽  
Jeanine Maria Felfili
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Kielmeyera Coriacea ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess

Este estudo foi conduzido no Distrito Federal, no Centro Olímpico da Universidade de Brasília. O local é um dos poucos remanescentes de vegetação natural no perímetro urbano de Brasília. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a composição florística e a fitossociologia do cerrado sensu stricto, visando obter subsídios para um plano de conservação da área. Foram alocadas aleatoriamente dez parcelas de 20×50m (1.000m²). Foram incluídos na amostragem todos os troncos com diâmetro maior ou igual a 5cm, obtidos a 30cm do solo. Foram amostradas 54 espécies distribuídas em 44 gêneros e 30 famílias. A família Leguminosae apresentou o maior número de espécies (9), seguida da Malpighiaceae (4) e Vochysiaseae (4). As espécies com maior Índice do Valor de Importância foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, Styrax ferrugineus Nees & Mart., Ouratea hexasperma (A. St.-Hill.), Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. e Kielmeyera coriacea (Spreng.) Mart. O índice de Shannon (H'= 3,41) comprovou a alta diversidade da área. A densidade foi de 882 árvores por hectare e a área basal de 9,53m²/ha.

scholarly journals Comunidades lenhosas no cerrado sentido restrito em duas posições topográficas na Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, DF, Brasil

Rodriguésia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Cláudio da Silva Júnior ◽  
Thaise Rachel Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Kielmeyera Coriacea

RESUMO A topografia afeta o regime hídrico e propriedades edáficas determinantes da vegetação do cerrado. Este estudo avaliou a distribuição espacial de árvores do cerrado sensu stricto em duas posições topográficas, interflúvio (I) e vale (V) na Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília. No total 15 parcelas, 20x50m cada, foram locadas, 10 no cerrado I e cinco no cerrado V, para amostrar árvores, DB≥ 5cm. O número(30cm) de árvores por parcela serviu para a classificação por TWINSPAN. A comparação da densidade e área basal de espécies preferenciais aos cerrados I e V em 18 localidades elegeu aquelas potencialmente indicadoras de condições ambiente no Brasil central. A topografia contribuiu para diferenças florísticas e estruturais nas comunidades I e V. Para o interflúvio foram indicadoras Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Dalbergia miscolobium, Miconia ferruginata, M. pohliana, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Ouratea hexasperma, Pterodon pubescens, Qualea parviflora e Sclerolobium paniculatum em Latossolos. Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Caryocar brasiliense e Erythroxylum suberosum em Latossolos, solos Litólicos ou arenosos. Pouteria ramiflora em Latossolos e Neossolos Quatzarênicos. Para o vale e Cambissolos foram indicadoras Dimorphandra mollis, Eremanthus glomerulatus, Eriotheca pubescens, Guapira noxia, Plenckia populnea, Qualea multiflora e Symplocos rhamnifolia. As espécies Byrsonima verbascifolia, Kielmeyera coriacea, Qualea grandiflora, Stryphnodendron adstringens e Schefflera macrocarpa foram generalistas.

scholarly journals Levantamento florístico e fitossociológico em duas áreas de cerrado sensu stricto no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, Goiás

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucivânio Oliveira Silva ◽  
Diogo Andrade Costa ◽  
Kleber do Espírito Santo Filho ◽  
Heleno Dias Ferreira ◽  
Divino Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
De Se ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Kielmeyera Coriacea

A necessidade de se conhecer mais sobre o Bioma Cerrado torna-se cada vez mais urgente, devido à destruição acelerada deste bioma. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento florístico e fitossociológico em duas áreas de Cerrado sensu stricto, no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, registrando as espécies arbóreas e arbustivas, utilizando o método de Point Centered Quarter. Verificou-se que apesar de algumas diferenças litológicas, latossolo vermelho-escuro na primeira área e vermelho-amarelo na segunda, a similaridade entre elas foi alta, com índices de Jaccard (0,72) e Morisita (0,64). Das 67 espécies pertencentes a 51 gêneros e 29 famílias, 48 foram comuns às duas áreas. Kielmeyera coriacea, Qualea grandiflora, Caryocar brasiliense, Syagrus flexuosa e Ouratea hexasperma tiveram os maiores Índices de Valor de Importância na primeira área e Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea parviflora, Qualea grandiflora, Caryocar brasiliense e Vochysia cinamommea, foram as espécies de maior importância na segunda área. A família Vochysiaceae foi a de maior IVI em ambas as áreas e Leguminosae apresentou o maior número de espécies (15), seguindo Vochysiaceae (7), Apocynaceae (5) e Myrtaceae (4).

scholarly journals The Effects of Roadside Woody Vegetation on the Surface Temperature of Cycle Paths

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Nikola Žižlavská ◽  
Tomáš Mikita ◽  
Zdeněk Patočka
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The article is on the effects of woody vegetation growing on the roadside on the temperature of the surface of cycle paths. The main hypothesis of the study is that vegetation has the effect of lowering the temperature of the surroundings in its shadow and thus improves the comfort of users of cycle paths in the summer months. The second hypothesis is to find out which type of road surface is most suitable for the thermal well-being of users. This goal was achieved by measuring the temperature of selected locations on cycle paths with different types of construction surfaces with nearby woody vegetation using a contactless thermometer over several days at regular intervals. The positions of the selected locations were measured using GNSS and the whole locality of interest was photographed using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, and subsequently a digital surface model (DSM) of the area was created using a Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm. This model served for the calculation of incident solar radiation during the selected days using the Solar Area Graphics tool with ArcGIS software. Subsequently, the effect of the shade of the surrounding vegetation on the temperature during the day was analysed and statistically evaluated. The results are presented in many graphs and their interpretation used to evaluate the effects of nearby woody vegetation and the type of road surface on the surrounding air temperature and the comfort of users of these routes. The results demonstrate the benefits of using UAVs for the purpose of modelling the course of solar radiation during the day, showing the effect of roadside vegetation on reducing the surface temperature of the earth’s surface and thus confirming the need for planting and maintaining such vegetation.

scholarly journals Fitossociologia de uma área de cerrado denso na RECOR-IBGE, Brasília-DF

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana A. Z. Andrade ◽  
Jeanine Maria Felfili ◽  
Luciano Violatti
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense

Foi amostrada uma área de 10ha de cerrado denso da RECOR-IBGE, Brasília-DF. Nesta foram estabelecidas parcelas experimentais de um projeto para o estudo do efeito do fogo na vegetação do cerrado com um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Este levantamento foi efetuado antes da aplicação dos tratamentos visando conhecer a composição florística e estrutura da vegetação original. Foram incluídos todos os indivíduos lenhosos e aqueles não-lenhosos pertencentes à família Velloziaceae, com diâmetro mínimo de 5cm, presentes em cinco parcelas de 1000m². Foram medidas as alturas e os diâmetros a 30cm do solo de cada indivíduo. Ao todo foram amostrados 982 indivíduos, pertencentes a 63 espécies e a 34 famílias. Cerca de 47% das famílias foram representadas por apenas uma espécie. Apenas 16 espécies foram comuns a todas as cinco parcelas. A diversidade da área foi alta (H'= 3,53) e a similaridade entre as parcelas segundo índice de Sørensen foi também alta. As espécies Sclerolobium paniculatum, Eremanthus glomerulatus, Schefflera macrocarpum, Ouratea hexasperma, Vochysia thyrsoidea, Guapira noxia, Caryocar brasiliense, Vellozia squamata, Qualea grandiflora e Emmotum nitens apresentaram os maiores valores de importância. As estimativas de densidade e de área basal por hectare foram de 1964 indivíduos e 13,28m², respectivamente. A diversidade foi equivalente a de outras áreas de cerrado sensu stricto na região, mas a densidade e a área basal foram mais elevadas.

scholarly journals The influence of the 1991/92 drought on the woody vegetation of the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
General Area ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
The North ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
Area North ◽  
The Impact

All observations and data related to the impact of the 1991/92 drought on the woody vegetation, excluding the riverine vegetation of major rivers, are summarised. This includes data from a visual estimate of damage from aerial photographs, surveys on selected sites, and general observations. Despite lower rainfall, the area north of the Olifants River (excluding the far-northern part) was less affected than the area south of it, suggesting that the woody vegetation in the north is more adapted to drought. A characteristic of the drought was the localised distribution pattern and variable intensity of damage to the same species in the same general area. Information on 31 species are presented briefly. Although a large number of woody species was to some extent damaged, when the woody vegetation is considered as a whole, the influence of the drought was not very severe.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Multiple Drivers Determining Woody Species Composition and Structure: A Case Study from the Kalahari, Botswana

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer ◽  
Holloway ◽  
Christiansen ◽  
Miller ◽  
D’Odorico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
The Impact

Savannas are extremely important socio-economic landscapes, with pastoralist societies relying on these ecosystems to sustain their livelihoods and economy. Globally, there is an increase of woody vegetation in these ecosystems, degrading the potential of these multi-functional landscapes to sustain societies and wildlife. Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the processes responsible for woody vegetation composition; however, these are often investigated separately at scales not best suited to land-managers, thereby impeding the evaluation of their relative importance. We ran six transects at 15 sites along the Kalahari transect, collecting data on species identity, diversity, and abundance. We used Poisson and Tobit regression models to investigate the relationship among woody vegetation, precipitation, grazing, borehole density, and fire. We identified 44 species across 78 transects, with the highest species richness and abundance occurring at Kuke (middle of the rainfall gradient). Precipitation was the most important environmental variable across all species and various morphological groups, while increased borehole density and livestock resulted in lower bipinnate species abundance, contradicting the consensus that these managed features increase the presence of such species. Rotating cattle between boreholes subsequently reduces the impact of trampling and grazing on the soil and maintains and/or reduces woody vegetation abundance.

Rangeland vegetation responses to traditional enclosure management in eastern Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Haftay ◽  
T. Yayneshet ◽  
G. Animut ◽  
A. C. Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Herb Species ◽  
Pastoral Economy

Enclosures are widely used by pastoralists in East Africa. However, the response of herbaceous and woody vegetation to enclosures seasonally grazed by livestock remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effectiveness of traditional enclosures in improving herbaceous and woody vegetation in the Somali Regional State of eastern Ethiopia. Vegetation composition (species composition, diversity and richness) and structure (herbage mass, density and canopy cover) were measured inside and outside a set of enclosures. The enclosures contained higher numbers of desirable species than the adjacent open-access grazing areas. Woody species richness was higher in the open-access grazing areas than in the enclosures, which is attributed to the manual removal of most of the undesirable shrubs and trees in the enclosures by pastoralists. Herbage mass was 2642 and 843 kg of dry matter ha–1 in the enclosures and open-access communal grazing areas, respectively. Herbaceous species diversity was higher in the enclosures than in the open-access communal grazing areas (Shannon–Wiener index: 1.8 v. 1.4, respectively). The enclosures were richer in herb species than the open-access grazing areas (13.5 v. 6.8, respectively), but values for woody species were not significantly different. Overall, we found that establishment of enclosures and the short-term protection from grazing they allow is an option for realising positive vegetation changes that support the local pastoral economy in the semiarid rangelands of eastern Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Impacts of Restoration Projects on a Sahelian Woody Vegetation after 21 Years: The Simiri Plateaus (Niger) Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Ali Mahamane ◽  
Josiane Seghieri
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Similar Site

To face the soil and vegetation degradation in Niger, anti-erosion structures, such as scarification of the surface of the ground, half-moons, benches, trenches, stony cordons, were built in 1989 on three Simiri plateaus. Native and introduced woody species were planted and grasses were sown within the structures. This study aims at evaluating what has become the restoration of the woody vegetation cover compared to an un-restored woody cover located on a nearby similar site. Dendrometric parameters and alpha and beta diversities of the four woody stands in 36 sampled plots were analyzed and compared. The following dendrometric values were found significantly lower in the control than in the restored stands: 3.9% against 12.4-16.8% for the recovery rate, 4.3 against 6.3-10.2 cm for the largest stem diameter, 0.2 against 0.8-1.2 m²/ha for the basal area, and 1.6 against 2.0-2.5 m for the tree height. However, the number of stems per trees was found significantly greater in the un-restored stand (6.6) than in the restored ones (1.8-2.7). The values of dendrometric parameters remained low, as well as the alpha and beta diversities whatever the stand. Nevertheless, population perceptions on the restoration impacts that were collected through focus groups indicated positive impacts on downstream crop yields.

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