scholarly journals CARBON IN SOIL IN DIFFERENT PHISIONOMIES OF CAATINGA IN PARAÍBA, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Bruna Vieira de Souza ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
Francisco Das Chagas Vieira Sales ◽  
Carlos Magno Pereira de Souza Junior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
The City ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

The devastation of the caatinga vegetation by disorderly exploration has led to the intensification of carbon release, modifying the capacity of soils to stock this element. The study aimed to determine the stock of organic carbon in Caatinga areas. Which it was conducted in the city of Várzea, state of Paraíba in Brazil, in four areas with vegetation in different successional stages. Soil samples were collected to determine the levels of carbon in 04 depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm) in two seasons of the year. The averages of the carbon were compared by Tukey test. The amounts of carbon in the soil showed significant differences in the factors of time, study area and depth. In the dry season, the quantities and the carbon stock were higher than those registered in the rainy season in all the studied areas, being Late Secondary Caatinga and Preserved Caatinga the areas with the highest values. The Late Secondary Caatinga had the highest carbon stock (33.01 Mg ha-1) in the rainy season. On the other hand, in the dry season, the highest carbon stock was in Preserved Caatinga (49.77 Mg ha-1). Larger amounts of organic carbon were found in the area of Preserved Caatinga, being the higher carbon concentrations recorded in the dry season.

Transformation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into particulate organic carbon (POC) in the lower Xijiang River, SE China: an isotopic approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 9471-9501 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Sun ◽  
J. T. Han ◽  
S. R. Zhang ◽  
X. X. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Xijiang River ◽  
Extreme Flood

Abstract. The sources and dynamics of riverine carbon have been discussed extensively, but knowledge about the transformation from DIC into organic carbon (OC) is still poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation on the riverine carbon, stable carbon isotopic components and C/N ratios for different seasons, including an extreme flood event, in the lower Xijiang and its three tributaries. Detailed analyses are also performed for soil samples across the study region. Downstream increase in δ13CDIC and downstream decrease in both δ13CPOC and C/N have been observed for all the tributaries. Meanwhile, positive shift of δ13CDIC and negative shift of δ13CPOC are also observed from summer to winter. These observations likely indicate that the isotopic compositions of both DIC and POC are significantly affected by in-river primary production that converts DIC into organic matter through photosynthesis. It is estimated that the percentage contribution of the riverine aquatic primary production to the riverine POC in the Xijiang and three tributaries of Guijiang, Hejiang and Luoding is respectively 7.1%, 43.2%, 36.4% and 9.9% in rainy season, and 35.6%, 47.3%, 50.3% and 40.1% in dry season. Based on the stoichiometry involved in chemical weathering of the bedrocks, the transformation of the carbonate-sourced DIC to POC is further quantified to be 3.4–20.5% in rainy season, and 12.3–22.1% in dry season. This may suggest an important sink of atmospheric CO2 in river systems that was largely ignored previously.

scholarly journals Relationship between respiratory diseases and environmental conditions: a time-series analysis in Eastern Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Mauricio Do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Maria Isabel Vitorino ◽  
Glauber Guimarães Cirino da Silva ◽  
Valdir Soares de Andrade Filho
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
The City

This study examines the relationship between the time-series analysis of climate, deforestation, wildfire, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the Eastern Amazon. Through a descriptive study with an ecological approach of an 18-year time-series analysis, we made a statistical analysis of two pre-established periods, namely, the rainy season and the dry season. On a decadal scale, analyzing the signals of climate indices [i.e., the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM)], the city of Marabá presents correlations between hospital admissions, wildfire, and AOD. This is not observed with the same accuracy in Santarém. On a seasonal scale, our analysis demonstrated how both cities in this research presented an increase in the number of hospital admissions during the dry season: Marabá, 3%; Santarém, 5%. The same season also presented a higher number of fire outbreaks, AOD, and higher temperatures. The AOD monthly analysis showed that the atmosphere of Marabá may be under the influence of other types of aerosols, such as those from mining activities. There is a time lag of approximately 2 months in the records of wildfire in the city. Such lag is not found in Santarém. The linear regression analysis shows that there is a correlation above 64% (Marabá) and 50% (Santarém), which is statistically significant because it proves that the number of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases is dependable on the AOD value. From the cities in the study, Marabá presents the highest incidence of wildfire, with an average of 188.5— the average in Santarém is 68.7—, and therefore the highest AOD value, with an average of 0.66 (Santarém, 0.47), both during the dry season. It is evident that the climate component has a relevant contribution to the increase in the number of hospital admissions, especially during the rainy season, where there are few or no records of wildfires.

scholarly journals Profile of Geohelminth Eggs, Cysts, and Oocysts of Protozoans Contaminating the Soils of Ten Primary Schools in Dschang, West Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rosine Nkouayep ◽  
Blandine Ngatou Tchakounté ◽  
Josué Wabo Poné
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The City

Helminthiasis and protozoans infections have been recognized as an important public health problem. The aim of the present study was to screen soil samples collected from 10 primary schools in the city of Dschang for the presence of soil-transmitted helminth eggs, cysts, and oocysts of protozoans. A total of 400 soil samples were collected around latrines, at playgrounds, and behind classrooms in each school. These samples were examined using the sucrose flotation method. From the result obtained, an overall contamination rate of 7.75% was observed. Five genera of nematodes (Ascaris, Trichuris, Capillaria, Cooperia, and hookworms) were identified, while neither cysts nor oocysts of protozoans were detected. The contamination rate and the number of species found were significantly different in wet season as compared to the dry season. During the rainy season, this rate was 12.5% with all the parasitic stages identified, while, in the dry season, the soil contamination rate was 3% with the presence of only two genera (Ascaris and Trichuris). This suggests that parasite infection may occur mainly in rainy season rather than in the dry season. The most common eggs were those of Ascaris with 2% and 5% contamination rates in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Also, the soils around latrines were more contaminated (11.9%) as compared to those collected behind classrooms (7.5%) and those at playground (2.5%). It was concluded that the pupils of these schools may have played a major role in the contamination of their environment. Thus, sanitary education, enforcement of basic rules of hygiene, and deworming remain a necessity in the entire population of the study area in general and in the schools in particular in order to prevent helminth infections and to ensure effective environmental health.

scholarly journals CO2flux e temperatura da superfície edáfica em áreas de caatinga

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1898-1908
Author(s):  
Daniel da Silva Gomes ◽  
Sabrina Kelly dos Santos ◽  
João Henrique Constantino Sales Silva ◽  
Teófilo de Medeiros Santos ◽  
Ermerson de Vasconcelos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Using Data

The changes that occur in the Caatinga vegetation cover alter the incidence of solar radiation at the surface-atmosphere interface. To monitor CO2 flows, through geotechnologies, they appear as an alternative or remote sensing. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the carbon sequestration and the surface temperature in caatinga areas in the face of seasonal variations using data from the Landsat 8 satellite OLI and TIRS sensors. The study was carried out with a scene referring to the dry season and another referring to the rainy season, in two areas, one with preserved Caatinga vegetation and the other with agricultural intervention, both in the municipality of São José de Piranhas, Paraíba. The pre-processing of the images took place from the transformation of digital numbers for spectral radiance and then for reflectance, since the processing occurred from the application of the vegetation and temperature indices, resulting in CO2flux and surface temperature. The Caatinga was greatly influenced by rainfall, directly affecting the phenology of this vegetation. The variation in temperature and CO2flux were influenced by seasonality, in the dry season there was less sequestration and higher temperatures, while in the rainy season there was greater sequestration and lower temperatures. The multiple comparison test showed that all the variables studied showed statistical differences. Temperature and CO2flux are influenced by seasonality. Multispectral remote sensing is a tool that can assist in the study of temperature dynamics and carbon sequestration in the Caatinga biome.

scholarly journals Development, rooting and nodulation of mororó (Bauhinia cheilantha) cuttings harvested in different seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Amanda Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Manuela Menezes Lins ◽  
Carla Giselly de Souza ◽  
Mércia Virgínia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Different Seasons

To increase the establishment options of the tropical forage legume tree, mororó (Bauhinia cheilantha), a native of the Caatinga vegetation in Northeast Brazil, a vegetative propagation study was carried out. In 2 experiments the performance of cuttings taken from 2 different locations on the mother plant (apical and basal branches) was evaluated on 4 different substrates: washed sand (SA); soil (S); soil in a moist chamber (S+MC); and vermiculite (V), in which cuttings were ‘planted’. The variables analyzed were: bud emergence; presence of expanded leaves; length and width of expanded leaves; and development of roots. For the first experiment, cuttings were taken in the dry season (December), for the second experiment in the rainy season (June). Cutting season had the major effect on all variables, particularly emerging buds (37‒90% in the dry vs. 1‒34% in the rainy season) and expanded leaves (23‒60% in the dry vs. 1‒13% in the rainy season). The best results were obtained in substrates S+MC and SA, the latter applying particularly for root development. It seems cuttings can be taken from any part of the mother plant but should be taken in the dry season, when an adequate supply of nutrients exists in the branches. Further studies are warranted to determine how to increase the success of root development on cuttings.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus) seeds collected in different seasons

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovilma Maria Soares de Medeiros ◽  
Penha Patrícia Cabral Ribeiro ◽  
Erika Paula Silva Freitas ◽  
Jéssica Anarellis Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons

ABSTRACT Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus, popularly known as favela or faveleira, is a species of the caatinga vegetation highly resistant to drought, with high nutritional content, and having several uses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different seasons on the chemical composition of faveleira seeds in the region of Seridó/RN. The seeds collected in different seasons were separated into 3 lots (lot 1 - rainy season; lot 2 - initial dry season; lot 3 - prolonged dry season), ground, and analyzed for moisture, ash, lipids, protein, and carbohydrates. The chemical analysis the seeds showed predominance of lipids and proteins. The results showed that moisture was significant different (p < 0.05) between all the lots; the ash content in lot 1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (4.67 ± 0.18) than lot 3 (4.96 ± 0.08); and protein content was highest in lot 3 (30.42 ± 1.63) and significantly (p < 0.05) different from the others. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) for lipids between the lots, with lot 2 showing the lowest content (21.57 ± 0.37). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was also found for carbohydrates between the lots, with lot 1 (14.37 ± 1.83) having the lowest content and lot 2 (39.17 ± 0.52) the highest content. The differences observed between the lots are attributed to the harvest of the seeds in different seasonal periods. The results show that the seasonal period influences the nutritional value of faveleira seeds, and that better forms of use need to be identified according to the period of harvesting.

scholarly journals Modification of Topsoil Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Macroinvertebrates Structure Consecutive to the Conversion of Secondary Forests into Rubber Plantations in Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1235-1255
Author(s):  
N'dri Kouadio Julien ◽  
Kévin Kouadio N’Guessan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Macroinvertebrates

The objective of this investigation was to assess the modifications of topsoil physico-chemical characteristics and macroinvertebrates structure consecutive to the conversion of secondary forests into rubber plantations and how these change with the aging of the plantations and the season. The sampling design was constituted of four treatments: secondary forest referred to as baseline land use, 7-, 12- and 25 year old rubber plantations. Three replications per land use type were randomly established in each of the selected treatments, thus totaling 12 sampling areas. On each sampling area, a 40 m transect was established. The litter dwelling and topsoil (0-10 cm) macroinvertebrates were sampled, respectively, by using the pitfall traps and monoliths (50 cm × 50 cm × 10 cm) following the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility method. The soil physical and chemical parameters were measured along the 40 m transect. The results showed that the conversion of secondary forest into plantations was characterized by a modification of the density of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: -50 and -24% vs. rainy season: -61 and +32%), taxonomic richness of soil macroinvertebrates (dry season: +7 and -14% vs. rainy season: -21 and -14%), water content (dry season: -41 and -5% vs. rainy season: -62 and -31%), bulk density (dry season: +6 and -3% vs. rainy season: +33 and +29%), soil organic carbon (dry season: -73 and -59% vs. rainy season: -67 and -51%) and total nitrogen (dry season: -68 and -58% vs. rainy season: -64 and -52%), respectively, after about 7 and 25 years of conversion. The restoration processes did not cause significant changes in the soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics after 25 years of forests conversion. However, the study highlighted the improvement in the soil ecological quality due to a reduction in soil degradation, and an increase in the density of macroinvertebrates (+235%), taxono mic richness (+9%), water content (+84%), soil organic carbon (+50%) and total nitrogen (+33%) in the 25 year old plantations compared to the 7 year old plantations.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POLA DISTRIBUSI UNSUR-UNSUR CUACA DI LAPISAN ATAS ATMOSFER DI WILAYAH KOTA KUPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Artini Waluwanja ◽  
Jehunias Leonidas Tanesib ◽  
Jonshon Tarigan ◽  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
The City

Abstrak  Telah dilakukan analisis pola distribusi unsur-unsur cuaca di lapisan atas atmosfer di wilayah kota Kupang, menggunakan data radiosonde dengan rentang data selama 4 tahun (2015-2018) dari 4 titik pengambilan data yaitu di kota kupang, banjarmasin, surabaya, dan makassar yang meliputi data suhu, kelembapan dan angin yang kemudian dibuat menjadi peta distribusi dengan menggunakan aplikasi surfer 13. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pada bulan April-September (musim kemarau), di lapisan 850 mb memiliki suhu di BBU yang lebih tinggi dari BBS, dan kelembapannya paling tinggi ada di wilayah banjarmasin dan paling rendah ada di wilayah kota Kupang. Pada lapisan 700 mb distribusi suhu tidak merata di berbagai wilayah. Kota kupang memiliki suhu paling tinggi tetapi kelembapan paling rendah. Pada lapisan 500 mb penyebaran suhu hampir merata. Angin yang bertiup pola sirkulasi monsun timur, Serta Aliran udara dari selatan yang berpusat di BBU yang membawa massa udara kering dan stabil yang menyebabkan musim kemarau. Pada bulan Oktober–Maret (musim hujan), peta pola distribusi menunjukan bahwa pada lapisan 850 mb suhu di BBS lebih tinggi dari BBU. Suhu tertinggi ada di kota kupang tetapi kelembapannya rendah, kelembapan tertinggi ada di Banjarmasin. Pada lapisan 700 mb, suhu tertinggi di Makassar dan kelembapan paling tinggi di Banjarmasin sedangkan kelembapan  paling rendah di kota Kupang. Pada lapisan 500 mb, persebaran suhu hampir merata dengan suhu paling tinggi di kota Kupang dan Kelembapan paling tinggi ada di banjarmasin. Angin yang bertiup adalah pola sirkulasi monsun barat. Serta angin utara yang membawa massa udara yang lembab dan tidak stabil yang menyebabkan musim hujan.  Kata kunci: radiosonde; distribusi cuaca; surfer13.   Abstract  [Analysis of the distribution patterns of weather elements in the upper atmosphere in the Kupang city area] The Analysis of the distribution patterns of weather elements in the upper atmosphere using radiosonde data with a range of data for 4 years (2015-2018) from 4 data collection points, namely in Kupang, Banjarmasin, Surabaya, and Makasar which included temperature, humidity and wind data which are then made into a distribution map using the surfer 13 application. The results of the analysis show that in April-September (dry season), the 850 mb layer has a temperature at BBU that is higher than BBS, and the highest humidity is in the area of ​​Banjarmasin and the lowest is in the city of Kupang. In the 700 mb layer the temperature distribution is uneven in various regions. Kupang city has the highest temperature but the lowest humidity. In the 500 mb layer the temperature is spread evenly. Winds that blow the circulation patterns of the east monsoon, as well as air flow from the south which is centered at the BBU which carries a dry and stable air mass that causes the dry season. In October -   March (the rainy season), the distribution pattern map shows that at 850 mb layer the temperature at BBS higher than BBU. The highest temperature is in Kupang city but the humidity is low, the highest humidity is in Banjarmasin. In the 700 mb layer, the highest temperature in Makassar and the highest humidity in Banjarmasin while the lowest humidity in Kupang. In the 500 mb layer, the temperature distribution is almost evenly distributed with the highest temperature in Kupang city and the highest humidity is in Banjarmasin. The wind that blows is the circulation pattern of the western monsoon. As well as northern winds that bring masses of moist and unstable air which causes the rainy season.  Keywords: radiosonde; weather distribution; surfer 13.

scholarly journals Assessing and modeling particulate pollution in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1b) ◽  
pp. C20A14-1-C20A14-6
Author(s):  
Issoufou Ouarma ◽  
◽  
Bernard Nana ◽  
Kayaba Haro ◽  
Jean Koulidiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City

In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particles in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. These measures were performed using a portable device (AEROCET 531S) on roadside sites and on sites located in administrative services, secondary schools and outlying districts. Since in situ measurements don’t give any indication of the pollution that could be due to a new source (industrial plant, road, etc.) and how it is dispersed spatially and temporally, thus pollutant emissions from road traffic and the dispersion of these pollutants are obtained by a modelling chain that couples COPERT IV emission model under Pollemission code with MUNICH dispersion model. As results, the average 24-hour concentrations are 87±16 and 951±266 μg/m3 for the PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, in 2018 dry season. They are 29±5 and 158±43 μg/m3, respectively, in 2018 rainy season and, 22±9 and 187±67 μg/m3 in 2019 rainy season, respectively. These results show that independently of the season (dry or rainy), the PM10 concentrations are high and exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQG) and European 24-hour threshold value of 50 μg/m3. Concerning the PM2.5 concentrations in dry season, they are high and exceed the WHO AQG and European 24-hour threshold value of 25 μg/m3. The results obtained concerning the modeling of the dispersion of PM air pollution due to road traffic in the city of Ouagadougou are partially satisfactory. The modeled maximum values of the exhaust emission factors are very high while the modeled concentrations are underestimated compared to the measured concentrations The estimated emission factors range between 0 and 400 g/km/h and between 0 and 303 g/km/h for exhaust PM2.5 and resuspension PM2.5, respectively. They vary between 0 and 2 997 g/km/h for resuspension PM10. Concerning the modelled concentrations, they are between 0 and 238 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and between 0 and 2 072 μg/m3 for PM10. These results can be improved with updated traffic and road characterization data.

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