scholarly journals Análisis crítico de la literatura. ¿En pacientes adultos con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides y progresión en los últimos 14 meses, el tratamiento con sorafenib comparado con placebo mejora la supervivencia? Estudio DECISION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Alejandro Román González ◽  
Álvaro Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Poorly Differentiate ◽  
Sorafenib Group ◽  
Bayer Healthcare

Introducción: El carcinoma de tiroides es el cáncer endocrino más frecuente. Las opciones terapéuticas cuando hay enfermedad progresiva, sintomática y resistente al yodo radioactivo son mínimas y poco efectivas. El sorafenib es una terapia aprobada para estos pacientes con base en los resultados del estudio DECISION. Se hace una revisión crítica acorde con los principios de medicina basada en la evidencia del estudio que llevó a la aprobación de este medicamento.Título del estudio: Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;384(9940):319-28 (1)Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, financiado por Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals y Onyx Pharmaceuticals, asignación oculta. Pacientes y resultados: 419 pacientes mayores de 18 años con cáncer de tiroides localmente avanzado o cáncer de tiroides diferenciado metastásico refractario a yodo (papilar, folicular, incluyendo el de células de Hürthle y pobremente diferenciado), con progresión en los últimos 14 meses de acuerdo con los criterios de RECIST, al menos una lesión medible por TAC o por RM, ECOG 0–2; con función renal, medular y hepática normal y TSH menor de 0,5 mIU/L. El cáncer de tiroides refractario a yodo se definió como la presencia de al menos una lesión sin captación de yodo o pacientes con tumores yodo captantes y, bien sea, progresión luego de un tratamiento con yodo radioactivo en los últimos 16 meses o progresión luego de dos tratamientos con yodo recibidos con menos de 16 meses de diferencia (la última dosis recibida más de 16 meses antes) o una dosis acumulada de yodo de al menos 22,3 GBq (?600 mCi). Se excluyeron pacientes que habían recibido previamente terapia dirigida, talidomida o quimioterapia para cáncer de tiroides, cirugía previa o trauma en los 30 días previos al inicio del medicamento, antecedente de cáncer de piel, cérvix o vejiga en los últimos cinco años, cáncer indiferenciado de tiroides, úlceras, infección activa o sangrado en los últimos tres meses, historia de hemorragia, infiltración traqueal, bronquial o esofágica; cardiopatía o hipertensión arterial no controlada, infección por VIH o hepatitis, embarazo o lactancia y alergia al sorafenib. Se permitieron dosis bajas de quimioterapia para radiosensibilización. El desenlace primario fue la supervivencia libre de progresión (cada ocho semanas) con criterios RECIST y los secundarios fueron supervivencia global, tiempo para la progresión, tasa de respuesta objetiva (parcial o completa), tasa de control de la enfermedad (parcial, completa o estable ?4 semanas/6 meses) y duración de la respuesta. La supervivencia libre de progresión fue mayor en el grupo de sorafenib que en el grupo de placebo (10,8 meses vs. 5,8 meses, HR 0,59 – IC 95% 0,45-0,76 p<0,0001). El grupo de sorafenib tuvo una mayor tasa de eventos adversos (98,6 vs. 87,6%).Conclusión: Sorafenib mejora significativamente la supervivencia libre de progresión comparado con placebo en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides diferenciado progresivo refractario a yodo radioactivo. La diferencia es pequeña. Los eventos adversos son frecuentes. No se reporta calidad de vida o mejoría sintomática. Esta terapia debe ser usada por personas expertas y debe evaluarse individualmente cada caso, agotando las opciones disponibles para el paciente antes de someterlo a los riegos del tratamiento.Abstract Introduction: Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent endocrine cancer. There are minimal therapeutic options once the disease is metastatic, progressive, symptomatic and radioactive iodine resistant. Sorafenib is a recent approved therapy for these patients based on the results of the DECISION trial. A critical review of this study is done according to the principles of evidence-based medicine.Title of the study: Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2014;384(9940):319-28(1)Methods: Randomized clinical trial. Financial support was by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals and Onyx Pharmaceuticals. Blinded randomization.Patients and results: 419 patients older tan 18 years with locally advanced thyroid carcinoma or well differentiate or poorly differentiate radioactive resistant metastatic thyroid carcinoma (papillary, follicular, Hurthle´s cell carcinoma and poorly differentiate), with progression over previous 14 months according to RECIST, with at least on measurable target lesion by CT or MR imaging, ECOG 0–2; normal kidney, medullar and liver function and TSH less than 0.5 mIU/L. Resistant radio-active iodine thyroid carcinoma was defined as the presence of at least 1 lesion without iodine uptake or patients with iodine uptake and progression over previous 16 months or progression after two cycles of radio-active iodine with less than 16 months of difference (lass cycle should be administered more 16 months before) or an total radioactive iodine of ?600 mCi. Patients who were treated before with target therapy, talidomide or systemic chemotherapy were excluded. Also patients with surgery or trauma 30 days before starting sorafenib, personal history of skin, cervical or bladder cancer, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, ulcers, active infection or bleeding in previous three months, bleeding history, tracheal, bronchial or esophageal infiltration, cardiomyopathy, uncontrolled high blood pressure, HIV infection, hepatitis, pregnancy or breast feeding and sorafenib allergy were excluded. Small chemotherapy doses for radio sensitization were allowed. Primary outcome was progression free survival (every 8 weeks) according to RECIST and secondary outcomes was overall survival, time to progression, rate of objective response (partial or complete), rate of disease control (partial, complete or stable) and response duration. Progression free survival was larger in the sorafenib group than in the placebo group (10.8 month vs5.8 months, HR 0.59 – IC 95% 0.45-0.76 p<0.0001). Sorafenib group had a higher side effects frequency (98·6 vs 87·6%). Conclusion: Sorafenib significantly improves progression free survival compared with placebo in patients with radio-active iodine resistant progressive thyroid carcinoma. The difference is small. Side effects are frequent and quality of life and symptomatic improvement are not reported. This therapy must be used by experts and an individual assessment must be done and all available options must be used before consider the use of this treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib in thyroid cancer: a phase II study in a UK based population

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merina Ahmed ◽  
Yolanda Barbachano ◽  
Angela Riddell ◽  
Jen Hickey ◽  
Katie L Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Radiological Response ◽  
Dose Reductions

AimTo evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of sorafenib in patients with thyroid carcinoma.MethodsPatients with progressive locally advanced/metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with non-radioiodine-avid disease, were treated with sorafenib 400 mg twice daily until disease progression. The primary endpoint was the radiological response rate (RR) at 6 months. Secondary endpoints were RR at 3, 9 and 12 months, biochemical responses, toxicity, biomarker analyses and progression free and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 34 patients were recruited to the study (15 medullary and 19 differentiated). After 6 months, the RR rate was 15% and a further 74% of patients achieved stable disease in the first 6 months. After 12 months of treatment, the RR was 21%. In the MTC patients, the RR at 12 months was 25% and OS was 100%. In DTC patients corresponding rates were 18 and 79% respectively. Median overall and progression-free survival points were not reached at 19 months. Commonest adverse events included hand–foot syndrome, other skin toxicities, diarrhoea and alopecia. Dose reduction was required in 79% patients. Median time on treatment was 16.5 months.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that sorafenib is tolerable at reduced doses over prolonged periods of time in patients with thyroid cancer. Sorafenib leads to radiological and biochemical stabilisation of disease in the majority of these patients despite dose reductions.

Results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pegfilgrastim (PEG) in patients (pts) receiving first-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (B) for colorectal cancer (CRC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3575-3575
Author(s):  
Tamas Pinter ◽  
Esteban Abella ◽  
Alvydas Cesas ◽  
Adina Croitoru ◽  
Jochen Decaestecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Line ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Grade 3

3575 Background: The literature reports that adding biologics to chemotherapy (ctx) may increase the incidence of clinically significant neutropenia. his trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PEG in reducing the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) in pts with locally-advanced (LA) or metastatic (m)CRC receiving first-line treatment with either FOLFOX/B or FOLFIRI/B. Methods: Key eligibility: ≥ 18 years old; measurable, nonresectable CRC per RECIST 1.1. Pts were randomly assigned 1:1 to either placebo or 6 mg PEG ~24 h after ctx/B. The study treatment period included four Q2W cycles, but pts could continue their assigned regimen until progression. Pts were stratified by region (North America vs rest of world), stage (LA vs mCRC), and ctx (FOLFOX vs FOLFIRI). Estimated sample size (N = 800) was based on the expected incidence of grade 3/4 FN (primary endpoint) across the first 4 cycles of ctx/B, powered for PEG superiority over placebo. Other endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: 845 pts were randomized (Nov 2009 to Jan 2012) and received study treatment; 783 pts completed 4 cycles of ctx/B. Median age was 61 years; 512 (61%) pts were male; 819 (97%) had mCRC; 414 (49%) received FOLFOX, and 431 (51%) received FOLFIRI. Grade 3/4 FN (first 4 cycles) for placebo vs PEG was 5.7% vs 2.4%; OR 0.41; p = 0.014. A similar incidence of other ≥ grade 3 adverse events was seen in both arms (28% placebo; 27% PEG). See table for additional results. Conclusions: PEG significantly reduced the incidence of grade 3/4 FN in this pt population receiving standard ctx/B for CRC. Follow-up is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT00911170. [Table: see text]

Anlotinib treatment in locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIB trial.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6019-6019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Li ◽  
Ping Zhang Tang ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Minghua Ge ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Therapy Strategy

6019 Background: Anlotinib (AL3818) is a novel multi-target TKI, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and proliferative signaling. Our previous single-arm phase 2 ALTN/MTC trial (NCT01874873) has demonstrated that anlotinib has a durable antitumor activity with a manageable adverse event profile in locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Here we report results of the phase IIB trial (ALTER01031, NCT02586350) of anlotinib for locally advanced or metastatic MTC with a larger samples. Methods: Between September 2015 and September 2018, 91 patients were enrolled in China. Eligible patients have diagnosed as phase IV MTC with relapsed and measurable disease and without antiangiogenetic target therapy. The patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive anlotinib or a matched placebo (12 mg QD from day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle). Patients who have been diagnosed with disease progression by the Independent Imaging Committee could be unblinded and crossed to the treatment group if the patient previous treated by placebo. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: 91 patients were randomized 62 to anlotinib arm and 29 to placebo arm. Until the data cutoff date (1 Feb 2019), median PFS was 20.67 months (95%CI, 14.03-34.63) in anlotinib arm vs 11.07 (95%CI, 5.82-14.32) months in placebo arm (HR 0.53, p = 0.0289). The OS data were not sufficiently mature for analysis. Considerable improvement in ORR was observed over the two arms (48.39% vs 3.45%, p < 0.0001). The adverse events (AEs) were 100% in anlotinib arm and 89.66% in placebo arm. The most common AEs in anlotinib arm were hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diarrhea. Conclusion: ALTER01031 met its primary endpoint of PFS shows that anlotinib treatment is effective and well tolerated. The safety profile was consistent and no new adverse events were identified. These data potentially extend the role of anlotinib monotherapy as a new therapy strategy for MTC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02586350.

scholarly journals Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 384 (9940) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia S Brose ◽  
Christopher M Nutting ◽  
Barbara Jarzab ◽  
Rossella Elisei ◽  
Salvatore Siena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind

Results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pegfilgrastim (PEG) in patients (pts) receiving first-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (B) for colorectal cancer (CRC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. LBA445-LBA445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Pinter ◽  
Steve Abella ◽  
Alvydas Cesas ◽  
Adina Croitoru ◽  
Jochen Decaestecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Line ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Grade 3

LBA445 Background: The literature reports that adding biologics to chemotherapy (ctx) may increase the incidence of clinically significant neutropenia. This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PEG in reducing the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) in pts with locally advanced (LA) or metastatic (m)CRC receiving first-line treatment with either FOLFOX/B or FOLFIRI/B. Methods: Key eligibility: ≥ 18 years old; measurable, nonresectable CRC per RECIST 1.1. Pts were randomly assigned 1:1 to either placebo or 6 mg PEG ~24 h after ctx/B. The study treatment period included four Q2W cycles, but pts could continue their assigned regimen until progression. Pts were stratified by region (North America vs rest of world), stage (LA vs mCRC), and ctx (FOLFOX vs FOLFIRI). Estimated sample size (N = 800) was based on the expected incidence of grade 3/4 FN (primary endpoint) across the first 4 cycles of ctx/B, powered for PEG superiority over placebo. Other endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: 845 pts were randomized (Nov 2009 to Jan 2012) and received study treatment; 783 pts completed 4 cycles of ctx/B. Median age was 61 years; 512 (61%) pts were male; 819 (97%) had mCRC; 414 (49%) received FOLFOX, and 431 (51%) received FOLFIRI. Grade 3/4 FN (first 4 cycles) for placebo vs PEG was 5.7% vs 2.4%; OR 0.41; p = 0.014. A similar incidence of other ≥ grade 3 adverse events was seen in both arms (28% placebo; 27% PEG). See Table for additional results. Conclusions: PEG significantly reduced the incidence of grade 3/4 FN in this pt population receiving standard ctx/B for CRC. Follow-up is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT00911170. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Prolonged duration of response in lenvatinib responders with thyroid cancer (Russian translation)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
A. G. Gianoukakis ◽  
C. E. Dutcus ◽  
N. Batty ◽  
M. Guo ◽  
M. Baig
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Duration Of Response

We present an updated analysis of lenvatinib in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) with new duration of response (DOR) data unavailable for the primary analysis. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, patients ≥18 years old with measurable, pathologically confirmed RR-DTC with independent radiologic confirmation of disease progression within the previous 13 months were randomized 2:1 to oral lenvatinib 24 mg/day or placebo. The main outcome measures for this analysis are DOR and progression-free survival (PFS). The median DOR for all lenvatinib responders (patients with complete or partial responses; objective response rate: 60.2 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 54.2–66.1) was 30.0 months (95 % CI 18.4–36.7) and was generally similar across subgroups. DOR was shorter in patients with greater disease burden and with brain and liver metastases. Updated median PFS was longer in the overall lenvatinib group vs placebo (19.4 vs 3.7 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.24; 99 % CI 0.17–0.35; nominal P <0.0001). In lenvatinib responders, median PFS was 33.1 months (95 % CI 27.8–44.6) vs 7.9 months (95 % CI 5.8–10.7) in nonresponders. The median DOR of 30.0 months seen with patients who achieved complete or partial responses with lenvatinib (60.2 %) demonstrates that lenvatinib responders can have prolonged, durable and clinically meaningful responses. Prolonged PFS (33.1 months) was also observed in these lenvatinib responders.

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