Influence of biologized crop rotations on agrophysical soil properties, crop weediness, and arable land productivity in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Ya. Z. Kaipov ◽  
Z. R. Sultangazin ◽  
H. M. Safin ◽  
R. L. Akchurin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Arid Steppe

scholarly journals Improving soil properties and productivity of crop-pasture rotation in arid steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Yakhiya Kaipov ◽  
Rifkat Akchurin ◽  
Rustam Kirayev ◽  
Asiya Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Arid Steppe

Field experiments were conducted in the arid steppe zone of the Southern Urals, in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The soil is common chernozem. The precipitation during the growing season (May-September) is 166 mm. The experimental crop rotation consisted of 7 fields: 4 with perennial herbs (a mixture of Bromus inermis and Medicago varia), 3 with annual crops. The study analysed soil properties and carrying capacity in perennial grass rotation, conventional and reduced tillage. During the crop-pasture rotation, the humus content in the soil changes insignificantly depending on the tillage, being within 7.6-8.0 %. Perennial grasses loosened the soil, positively affecting moisture accumulation under crop rotation by the beginning of the pre-sowing period. The arable layer of common chernozem in the reduced tillage had a density of 1.05 g/cm3, less than 0.06 g/cm3 in conventional cultivation. Fertilizer application increased yields at 0.49-0.51 t/ha of feed units. Reduced tillage resulted in higher feed units by 0.06-0.08 tons per 1 ha. Crop-pasture rotation implementation and development ensures bioclimatically-determined yields of fodder crops and maintains soil fertility at an optimal level.

scholarly journals Efficiency of measures and technology to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in the steppe regions of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
A.A. Zorov ◽  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
Yu.V. Kaftan ◽  
N.A. Zenkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect

The main source of soil fertility decline in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region is erosion, which manifests itself to varying degrees over the entire arable land. In the Orenburg region, 2214.9 ha are subject to water erosion, wind erosion - 279.4 ha, and out of a total area of 6240.0 thousand hectares, deflationary hazardous erosion - 5304.3 thousand hectares. In connection with erosion processes, the humus content in the soil decreases by 1-6 tons in southern chernozems, ordinary -1.7%. The studies were carried out in two stationary areas of the Orenburg Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals in order to determine the efficiency of measures and technologies to preserve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion in arid conditions. With the transition to contour-landscape agriculture (CLA), the fertility of slope lands and the yield of field crops increases, and the negative effect of drought decreases to a minimum. The decrease in soil fertility caused by the erosion process is recorded in the fallow field when it is allocated for spring wheat. Soil-protecting and green fallows largely eliminate this disadvantage. During the fallowing period as per the data, the field of black fallow accumulates 430 kg per 1 ha of nitrates in the 0-150 cm layer, and when mineral fertilizers are applied at a dose of N40P80, it increases to 689 kg per 1 ha.

scholarly journals Development of technology and manufacturing of an import-substituting complex of machines for cultivating crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
R. S. Rakhimov ◽  
I. R. Rakhimov ◽  
D. A. Yalaletdinov ◽  
E. O. Fetisov ◽  
Ya. Yu. Khamitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Large Farms

A variety of topography, climate, vegetation and soil of the Southern Urals indicates the need to choose the technology and complex of machines for cultivating crops in accordance with the conditions of the zone and economy. Analysis of existing crop cultivation technologies showed the need for their improvement. To ensure the possibility of changing the methods of soil cultivation and sowing depending on soil and climatic conditions, the cultivated crop and the place of culture in crop rotation, a universal technology is proposed, which provides for the need to create conditions for growth and development of plants based on accumulation and economical use of moisture with application of working bodies and a complex of tillage and sowing machines appropriate to the conditions of the zone. The types of working bodies for basic, additional and presowing tillage and sowing of agricultural crops by various methods are substantiated. The degree of universalization of combined machines for farms with different areas of arable land is established. For small farms with arable land up to 1200 ha, one universal machine with replaceable working bodies or modules is needed to perform primary, secondary and pre-sowing tillage and sowing. For medium-sized farms with arable land up to 10 thousand hectares, separate universal machines with replaceable working bodies are needed for primary tillage, with replaceable modules for additional tillage, and tillage sowing machines with replaceable modules with different types of working bodies are necessary for pre-sowing tillage and sowing. For large farms with arable land area of over 10 thousand hectares it is necessary to use combined single-purpose machines. Based on the previously conducted studies, using the obtained mathematical models and agrotechnical requirements for developing new machines, calculations were carried out and the design parameters of machine complex for tractors of 1.4...5 traction class were substantiated. They were produced by LLC Chelyabinsk Compressor Plant and Varnaagromash LLC with various degrees of universalization The complex of machines for cultivating agricultural crops developed and produced at these plants for various types of farms makes it possible to fulfil all the elements of the proposed technology adopted in the zone in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements as well as soil and climatic conditions of the zone.

scholarly journals The influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
D. V. Mitrofanov ◽  
Yu. V. Kaftan
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
The Southern Urals

Increasing the yield of pea grain in agricultural production is an important task for modern agriculture in the Orenburg region. To expand it, long-term studies on the influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain were carried out. The article presents the research results for 2002-2019 by weediness of crops, the content of macronutrients and the productivity of pea grain in six-field and two-field crop rotations. Among the main factors affecting the yield of pea grain such as the total number of weeds and the content of accumulated nutrients in the 0-30 cm, soil layer were considered. The total number of weeds on two nutritional backgrounds in the pea germination phase was from 102.0 to 137.0. During the ripening period, respectively, it was from 44.0 to 56.0 pcs / m2. The maximum yield of pea grain is observed in crops after soft wheat with ammophos - 1.03 t / ha, without the use of fertilizer - 0.98 t / ha. The lowest yield of peas was obtained after durum wheat in a two-field crop rotation: according to the fertilized nutrition background - 0.76, unfertilized - 0.70 t / ha. As a result of statistical data processing in the third variant of the experiment (sowing peas after soft wheat in the aftereffect of a busy fallow), it was found that the increase in the productivity of pea grain slightly depended on the weediness of crops and the share of its influence ranged from 13.98 to 18.37%. However, the decrease in the yield of peas in the fifth variant of the experiment (sowing peas in alternation with durum wheat) was largely determined by weeds and the level of their influence was from 40.21 to 54.41%. The content of accumulated nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus from ammophos before all sowing of peas in crop rotations ranged from 1.4 to 2.9 mg / 100 g of soil. The increase in pea grain from mineral fertilizers for 18 years, respectively, for all predecessors was 0.07; 0.05; 0.08 and 0.06 t / ha, except for the second variant of the experiment, where peas were sown after soft wheat in the aftereffect of black steam. The results of mathematical processing of the data on the increase in grain of peas show the effect of ammophos on the increase in grain by options in the range from 55.41 to 81.88%.

The first data on possible Mezozoic magmatism within the Western slope of the Southern Urals

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
A. O. Khotylev ◽  
N. B. Devisheva ◽  
Al. V. Tevelev ◽  
V. M. Moseichuk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Isotopic Age ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Early Proterozoic ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
Two Bodies

Within the Western slope of the Southern Urals, there are plenty of basite dyke complexes of Riphean to Vendian among Precambrian terrigenous-carbonate formations. In metamorphic formations of the Taratash complex (Archean to Early Proterozoic, the northern closure of the Bashkirian meganticlinorium) there was observed the andesitic dyke with isotopic age of 71±1 Ma (U-Pb SHRIMP II on zircons) and near Bakal two bodies of gabbroids with zircons of similar ages were found. These are the first evidence of possible Mezozoic magmatism in this region.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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