Zero Dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Prahardi ◽  
◽  
Arundito Widikusumo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Stochastic Effect ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Ionizing radiation in the medical world has long been used, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. But the use of ionizing radiation, besides helping a lot in diagnosis and therapy, ionizing radiation is also hazardous for us. The effects of ionizing radiation on humans are divided into two types, namely stochastic effects, and non-stochastic (deterministic) effects. Of the two kinds of effects caused by ionizing radiation, the stochastic effect needs special attention. Because the dose-limiting parameter does not exist, how much radiation dose can cause the stochastic effect. We only have the principle that no matter how small the radiation that hits us, it will still impact us. The mechanism for this effect is either a direct effect or an indirect effect, or a newly discovered effect, namely the bystander effect, all of which lead to DNA damage. This DNA damage will cause various kinds of health problems for us. Keywords: Stochastic Effect, DNA Damage. Gene Mutation, Bystander Effect

DNA Damage by the Direct Effect of Ionizing Radiation: Products Produced by Two Sequential One-Electron Oxidations

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (47) ◽  
pp. 12608-12615 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Close ◽  
William H. Nelson ◽  
William A. Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Direct Effect

Pentingnya Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Bagi Pekerja Radiasi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Prahardi ◽  
◽  
Arundito Widikusumo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
And Training

Ionizing radiation, when it hits our bodies, can ionize and excite the atomic nuclei of cells. Ionization and excitation will cause DNA damage either directly or indirectly. DNA damage is direct if ionizing radiation hits DNA, while DNA damage is indirectly through the formation of free radicals (atoms with unpaired electrons) and has a very damaging effect on DNA. Therefore, safety in ionizing radiation, including its use in the medical world, is essential. Protection includes safety avoiding deterministic effects and stochastic effects. To protect against both deterministic and stochastic effects, the role of the radiographer is significant. Heinrich (1980) estimates that (85%) accidents are the result of the contribution of unsafe work behavior (unsafe act). Radiation accidents reported by the United States Energy Atomic Commission from 1960-1968 were caused by operator error (68%), procedural errors (8%), equipment damage (15%), and others (9%). When viewed in detail, the operator's errors were not conducting a radiation survey (46%), not following procedures (36%), not using protective equipment (6%), human error (6%), and calculating radiation exposure errors (6%). Therefore, the radiographer must know and understand ionizing radiation, its dangers, and the application of radiation protection from the results of a survey conducted at Prof. Hospital. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto to 22 radiographers showed that the level of understanding of ionizing radiation, the dangers, and the application of radiation protection is still low. Therefore education and training are very much needed for them. Keywords: Radiation Hazard, Radiation Protection, Radiographer Education and Training

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF THE TUMOR/INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT BY IRRADIATION UNDER COCULTIVATION OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOCYTES FROM HEALTHY DONORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
D. Кurinnyi ◽  
◽  
S. Rushkovsky ◽  
O. Demchenko ◽  
M. Romanenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Individuals

Objective: Study the tumor-induced bystander effect of blood cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients on non-transformed bystander cells (peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of conditionally healthy individuals) and the possibility of its modification after the impact of ionizing radiation. Materials and methods. We carried out cocultivation and separate cultivation of blood samples from conditionally healthy volunteers and patients with CLL according to our technique. Using the Comet assay, the relative level of DNA damage was evaluated. Results. A statistically significant increase (р < 0.001) in the level of DNA damage in PBL culture of conditionally healthy individuals after co-cultivation with malignant cells of CLL patients was observed. After irradiation, a drop in the level of cells with a high degree of DNA damage was noted, which was connected with an increase in the frequency of cells that were delayed in division at the S stage of the cell cycle. An increase in apoptotic activity in cultures of bystander cells was observed in all variants of the experiment (р < 0.001). Conclusion. The influence of irradiated blood cells of patients with CLL results in an enhancement of the tumorinduced bystander effect manifestation in the PBL of conditionally healthy individuals. Key words: tumor-induced bystander effect, peripheral blood lymphocytes, Comet assay, ionizing radiation.

Reaction of guanyl radicals in plasmid DNA with biological reductants: chemical repair of DNA damage produced by the direct effect of ionizing radiation

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1095-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Milligan ◽  
J. A. Aguilera ◽  
E. J. Mares ◽  
R. A. Paglinawan ◽  
J. F. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Plasmid Dna

Threshold square model of the dependence of radiation effects on radiation dose

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
A. G. Zavorotnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Operation of radiation hazardous facilities is a reality of the modern world, and the future of the world economy is impossible without the development of nuclear and radiation technologies. At the same time, the widespread use of atomic energy puts forward an important and responsible task of ensuring the safety of the population and the environment in conditions of an increased risk of exposure to ionizing radiation and radioactive substances. In accordance with clause 3.2.1 of the "Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009", the planned increased exposure of persons involved in emergency rescue operations related to the elimination of the consequences of radiation accidents is allowed for men, as a rule, over 30 years old only with their voluntary written consent, after informing about possible radiation doses and health risks. Increased exposure refers to exposure in excess of the basic dose limits under controlled (normal) operating conditions of radiation sources. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to increase the functionality of emergency services and fire and rescue subdivisions to perform tasks as intended in the elimination of radiation accidents. The tasks include the construction and substantiation of a model that allows converting the risks of deterministic effects into stochastic effects risks. Methods. When calculating the probability of output of stochastic and deterministic effects depending on the radiation dose and developing a threshold quadratic model, the least squares method and the probabilistic-statistical method were used. Results and discussion. The article shows that a linear non-threshold model of the interaction of radiation with matter greatly overestimates the risk of a stochastic effect emerging at doses of radiation. For example, this overestimation is 8,13 at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year. In this regard, a threshold quadratic model has been developed and proposed to be replaced by a threshold quadratic model, which makes it possible to increase the planned irradiation of personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units during the elimination of radiation accidents in an effective dose from 0,2 Sv to 0,57 Sv, moreover, the probability of emergence of stochastic effects P2 = 0,0084 remains the same for both models. Conclusions. An increase in the maximum permissible dose of radiation for personnel of emergency services and fire and rescue units from 0,2 Sv/year to 0,5 Sv/year will make it possible to increase the functionality of the emergency services and fire and rescue units to perform tasks as intended by 2,5 times when elimination of radiation accidents. For example, the scope of rescue operations may be increased from 100 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,2 Sv/year, to 250 %, performed at a dose of D = 0,5 Sv/year. Key words: emergency services, fire and rescue units, radiation accidents, irradiation, linear no-threshold model, threshold quadratic model.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Produk Makanan Olahan Halal pada Konsumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Saniatun Nurhasah ◽  
Jono M Munandar ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Indonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
Xinguang Zhong ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Suiping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Spline Models ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose

Abstract Background Numerous studies have concentrated on high-dose radiation exposed accidentally or through therapy, and few involve low-dose occupational exposure, to investigate the correlation between low-dose ionizing radiation and changing hematological parameters among medical workers. Methods Using a prospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from medical workers and used Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the correlation between changing hematological parameters and cumulative radiation dose and determine the dose-response relationship. Results We observed that changing platelet of 1265 medical workers followed up was statistically different among the cumulative dose groups (P = 0.010). Although the linear trend tested was not statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.258), the non-linear trend tested was statistically significant (Pnon-linear = 0.007). Overall, there was a correlation between changing platelets and cumulative radiation dose (a change of βa 0.008 × 109/L during biennially after adjusting for gender, age at baseline, service at baseline, occupation, medical level, and smoking habits; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003,0.014 × 109/L). Moreover, we also found positive first and then negative dose-response relationships between cumulative radiation dose and changing platelets by restricted cubic spline models, while there were negative patterns of the baseline service not less than 10 years (− 0.015 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.024, − 0.007 × 109/L) and radiation nurses(− 0.033 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.049, − 0.016 × 109/L). Conclusion We concluded that although the exposure dose was below the limit, medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a short period of time might have increased first and then decreased platelets, and there was a dose-response relationship between the cumulative radiation dose and platelets changing.

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