scholarly journals Moss and Soil Substrates Interact with Moisture Level to Influence Germination by Three Wetland Tree Species

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexander Staunch ◽  
Marie Redlecki ◽  
Jessica Wooten ◽  
Jonathan Sleeper ◽  
Jonathan Titus
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Germination Success

To assess germination success in different microsites of a forested wetland environment, seeds of three common western New York wetland tree species, Acer x freemanii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Ulmus americana, were sown into flats in the greenhouse with three substrates (mosses Hypnum imponens or Thuidium delicatulum or bare soil) and three hydrological conditions (wet, moist, or dry) in a factorial design. For the three species both treatment regimes and the interaction were highly significant, except for Acer, in which the substrate regime was not significant. Fraxinus germination had the highest tolerance for wet conditions and lowest for dry conditions followed by Acer and then Ulmus. Significant interactions showed that the effect of hydrological regime on germination is influenced by substrate type. Moss decreased germination under drier conditions and increased germination under wet conditions by lifting the seeds away from the soil and creating drier conditions than on bare soil. It is also possible that interspecific competition for moisture played a role in decreasing germination under dry conditions. By influencing the regeneration niche for three major tree species of swamps in the northeastern United States, the bryophyte layer plays an important role in determining community composition.

Ethylene production and morphological adaptation of woody plants to flooding

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Tang ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Ethylene Content

Seedlings of Ulmus americana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Melaleuca quinquenervia, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis exhibited greater morphological adaptation to flooding than did Eucalyptus globulus or Pinus halepensis seedlings. Formation of hypertrophied lenticels and production of adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems were characteristic of the flood-tolerant species only. Ethylene production was greatly stimulated by the flooding of all species except P. halepensis. In flooded F. pennsylvanica seedlings ethylene production was higher in stems with well-developed hypertrophy than in those without stem hypertrophy. Lack of a vertical gradient in ethylene content of the stems of flooded Eucalyptus plants indicated either that waterlogging of soil indirectly stimulated ethylene production in stems above the waterline or that ethylene was translocated upward from submerged portions of stems. Application of indoleacetic acid stimulated ethylene producton in submerged portions of M. quinquenervia and U. americana stems. The data indicate an important role for ethylene in the morphological adaptation of woody plants to flooding. The additional involvement of several other compounds in such adaptation is discussed.

A Note on the Association of Fall Cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria (Harr.)) with Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata (Linn.)) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Fall Cankerworm

The fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), and the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linn.), both feed to a great extent on the same tree species and prefer apple, Malus spp., red oak, Quercus rubra L., basswood, Tilia spp., white elm, Ulmus americana L., and Norway maple, Acer platanoides L. They also have similar life-histories and habits (Smith 1950 and 1953). Both lay their eggs on the trees in the fall and overwinter in this stage. The eggs hatch about the same time and the larvae of (both species mature about the third week in June. They drop to the ground and form cocoons at a depth of about an inch. The adults emerge about the same time, commencing usually during the last week in October and continuing until early December or until the ground freezes.

Germination strategy of the East African savanna tree Acacia tortilis

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Loth ◽  
Willem F. de Boer ◽  
Ignas M. A. Heitkönig ◽  
Herbert H. T. Prins
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
East African ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Germination Success

Germination of Acacia tortilis seeds strongly depends on micro-site conditions. In Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania, Acacia tortilis occurs abundantly in recently abandoned arable fields and in elephant-mediated gaps in acacia woodland, but does not regenerate in grass swards or beneath canopies. We examined the germination of Acacia tortilis using field and laboratory experiments. Seeds placed on top of the soil rarely germinated, while seeds covered with elephant dung or buried under the soil surface had a germination success between 23–43%. On bare soil 39% of both the dung-covered and buried seeds germinated, in perennial grass swards 24–43%, and under tree canopies 10–24% respectively. In laboratory experiments, seed water absorption correlated positively with temperature up to 41 °C, while subsequent germination was optimal at lower (21–23 °C) temperatures. Seeds that had absorbed water lost their viability when kept above 35.5 °C. The absence of light did not significantly influence germination success. Acacia tortilis does not actively disperse its seeds, but regeneration outside tree canopies was substantial. The regeneration potential thus strongly depends on the physiognomy of the vegetation.

Contrasting strategies for tree species to cope with heat and dry conditions at urban sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Gillner ◽  
Sandra Korn ◽  
Mathias Hofmann ◽  
Andreas Roloff
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Urban Sites

Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G McGee ◽  
Robin W Kimmerer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha–1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

Xylella fastidiosa. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. Bacteria. Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera and others), peach (Prunus persica), Citrus, almond (Prunus dulcis), lucerne (Medicago sativa), some wild trees (including Acer rubrum, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra, Ulmus americana), other wild plants and weeds. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Italy), Asia (Taiwan), North America (Canada (Ontario), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica), and South America (Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe), Paraguay, Venezuela).

Influence of Tree Species on Forest Nitrogen Retention in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA

Ecosystems ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela H. Templer ◽  
Gary M. Lovett ◽  
Kathleen C. Weathers ◽  
Stuart E. Findlay ◽  
Todd E. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Catskill Mountains

Winter foraging by individual porcupines

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2425-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uldis Roze
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Foraging Area ◽  
Winter Foraging ◽  
Study Population

Winter feeding of individual porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum L.) was studied in the northern Catskill Mountains of New York by following individual feeding trails in the snow. The study population as a whole fed primarily on beech (Fagus grandifolia) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and less frequently on eight other tree species. Individual porcupines limited their feeding to one or two species. An individual's primary food choice corresponded to the numerically most abundant tree species in its foraging area; its secondary food choice could not be related to relative density nor to relative basal area.

Short rotation forestry for land treatment of effluent: a lysimeter study

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. F. Roygard ◽  
N. S. Bolan ◽  
B. E. Clothier ◽  
S. R. Green ◽  
R. E. H. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Land Treatment

Land treatment of wastewater using short rotation forestry (SRF) has potential as a sustainable method for disposal of dairy-farm euent. We compared 3 SRF species, 2 evergreen species of eucalypts (Eucalyptus nitens, E. saligna) and a deciduous willow (Salix kinuyanagi), in the land treatment of dairy-farm euent. The trees were grown in lysimeters (1 . 8 m diameter, 1 . 0 m depth), and a bare soil treatment was used as a control. The application of dairy-farm oxidation-pond euent totalled 218 g N/lysimeter (equivalent to 870 kg N/ha) over 2 irrigation seasons (December 1995–June 1996 and September 1996–April 1997). Euent was applied weekly in summer at a rate of 18 . 9 mm/week. No euent was applied during the winter period. The evapotranspiration (ET) rates of the trees, and the volumes and nitrogen contents of the leachates are compared for a winter period (4 weeks) and a summer period (5 weeks). The biomass accumulation and the uptake of nitrogen by the 3 tree species were also investigated. The SRF trees improved the renovation levels of dairy-farm euent and produced biomass suitable for energy conversion. Of the 3 tree species, only the S. kinuyanagi treatments maintained leachate nitrate concentrations below the New Zealand drinking water standard of 11 . 3 mg NO– 3 -N/L throughout both the winter and summer periods. The E. nitens treatment produced significantly more oven-dry biomass (19 . 1 kg/tree) than the E. saligna trees (9 . 7 kg/tree) (P = 0 . 05). The S. kinuyanagi treatment had intermediate production (13 . 3 kg/tree) and was not significantly different from the other 2 tree species (P = 0 . 05). The nutrient accumulation was not significantly different among the species (P = 0 . 05). S. kinuyanagi was considered the best overall performer for the land treatment of dairy-farm euent, based on the concentrations of leachate moving beyond the root-zone.

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