Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage D of Dogs in Egypt, and Its Zoonotic Implication

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e1268
Author(s):  
Amer R. Abdel Aziz ◽  
Shimaa S.G. Sorour
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Environment ◽  
Canned Meat ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Background, Methods: To elucidate the prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia infection in dogs, a cross-sectional study was performed on stray and housed dogs from different localities of Egypt. Results: A total of 986 fecal specimens were collected from dogs. The overall infection rate was 8.5%. The diarrheic dogs revealed higher prevalence of 14.43% than asymptomatic animals. The infection was more prevalent in younger dogs ( < 6 months) (9.5%) compared to older animals. Higher prevalence of infection was observed during the cold winter months (11.24%). The community owned dogs (stray dogs in the street) showed (11.75%) higher prevalence rate than pet dogs in the household environment (5.59%). Moreover, it was found that dogs fed on undercooked meat, and offal's were showing higher prevalence of giardiasis than dogs fed on canned meat. On the other hand, dogs subjected to regular grooming and good hygienic practices had lesser prevalence rate of the infection compared to unclean neglected dogs. Conclusions: The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the amplicons of 18SrRNA gene of G. duodenalis revealed that; they were closer to assemblage D necessitating urgent attention due to their zoonotic importance.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Risk Factors ofGiardia duodenalisamong School Children from La Habana, Cuba

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla ◽  
Fidel A. Núñez ◽  
Isabel Martínez Silva ◽  
Lázara Rojas Rivero ◽  
Marta Martínez González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Assemblage B

Giardia duodenalisis considered the most common protozoan infecting humans worldwide. Molecular characterization ofG. duodenalisisolates has revealed the existence of eight groups (assemblages A to H) which differ in their host distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 639 children from La Habana between January and December 2013. Two assemblage-specific PCRs were carried out for the molecular characterization. The overall prevalence ofGiardiainfection was 11.9%. DNA from 63 of 76 (82.9%) samples was successfully amplified by PCR-tpi, while 58 from 76 (76.3%) were detected by PCRE1-HF. Similar results by both PCRs were obtained in 54 from 76 samples (71%). According to these analyses, assemblage B and mixed assemblages A + B account for most of theGiardiainfections in the cohort of children tested. Our current study identified assemblage B as predominant genotype in children infected withGiardia. Univariate analysis indicated that omission of washing hands before eating and keeping dogs at home were significant risk factors for aGiardiainfection. In the future, novel molecular tools for a better discrimination of assemblages at the subassemblages level are needed to verify possible correlations betweenGiardiagenotypes and symptomatology of giardiasis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Calves in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gultekin ◽  
Kerem Ural ◽  
Nuram Aysul ◽  
Adnam Ayan ◽  
Canberk Balikci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Faecal Samples

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an ubiquitous, flagellated intestinal protozoan with major public health significance worldwide. Limited data are available on the epidemiology of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle from Turkey. Determining the zoonotic potential of the Giardia infection requires molecular characterization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and to molecularly characterize G. duodenalis in calves less than three months of age in Aydin, Aegean region of Turkey.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on different dairy farms in the south-western part of the Turkey, Aegean Region, Aydin. A total of 198 Holstein Friesian calves less than three months of age, of both sexes were enrolled into the study. Faecal samples from each calf were collected manually from the rectum using a disposable latex glove. The consistency of collected samples was recorded as diarrhoeic or non-diarrhoeic.  Diagnosis of G. duodenalis infection was made microscopically by detection of cysts in the faecal samples. One hundred and sixteen (58.5%) of the 198 faecal samples were diarrheic. Giardia cysts were found in 27 (23.28%) of the diarrheic samples and in 8 (9.76%) of nondiarrheic samples (P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of giardiosis in calves was determined as 17.67%. The prevalence of Giardia genotypes was identified by DNA sequence analysis of the beta-giardin gene for every PCR positive sample. The beta-giardin nested PCR assay was revealed assemblage A and sub-genotype A3 was detected in all of 35 samples (100%).Discussion: The highest prevalence of Giardia infection in calves is reported at the age between 1 and 6 months, and the prevalence shows decreased rate from the age of 6 months. The present study was conducted in Aydin, a province of south-western Turkey in the Aegean Region, and the overall prevalence from a total of 198 dairy calves was 17.67%. The prevalence rate in calves with diarrhoea was higher and reached up to 23.28%, whereas it was 9.76% in non-diarrhoeic calves. A prevalence study with molecular characterization of G. duodenalis isolates in cattle has not yet been reported from Turkey. Molecular studies have shown that mostly assemblage E predominates in cattle, but recent studies denoted that assemblage A is increasingly being detected and might be more widespread than expected before. In the present study, Giardia positive samples identified with a beta-giardin nested PCR assay. The sub-genotype A3 was identified in all samples. The same sub-genotype was identified in human and dog samples from different countries. Furthermore, sub-genotype A3 was found in humans and dogs from Turkey. In this context, results of the present study suggested an important role of calves as potential reservoirs of human infections in Turkey. In conclusion, epidemiological data revealed that G. duodenalis infection is frequent in calves with diarrhoea in Aydin, Turkey. The presence of the potentially zoonotic sub-genotype A3 and high prevalence of Giardia infection in diarrheic calves indicated the importance of treatment and necessary preventative measures. Further studies in human and animal populations living in this region are warranted regarding the zoonotic epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis.

scholarly journals Detection of Macroprolactinemia and Molecular Characterization of Prolactin Isoforms in Blood Samples of Hyperprolactinemic Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Chawla ◽  
Tibebe Antonios ◽  
Esaiyas Berhanu ◽  
Gonfa Ayana
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prolactin Isoforms

Detection of Macroprolactinemia and Molecular Characterization of Prolactin Isoforms in Blood Samples of Hyperprolactinemic WomenProlactin (PRL) circulates in the blood in the form of monomeric prolactin, dimeric prolactin and macroprolactin. Macroprolactin is a common cause of hyperprolactinemia. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic women and to undertake the biochemical characterization of macroprolactin. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on one hundred hyperprolactinemic patients. All the sera were subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and were divided into true hyperprolactinemics (PRL recovery >60%), probable macroprolactinemics (PRL recovery between 40 and 60%) and macroprolactinemics (PRL recovery < 40%). The prevalence of macroprolactinemia was found to be 34%. Sera from each group were further analyzed for isoforms of prolactin by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The clinical spectrum of presenting complaints in the hyperprolactinemic cohort included oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility, but the presentation did not differ between macroprolactinemic and truly hyperprolactinemic patients. GFC showed three major PRL isoforms, viz., 23.5 kDa (monomeric), 47 kDa (dimeric) and 150-174.6 kDa (PRL-IgG complexes) along with the medium and heavy weight aggregates of prolactin. The results of the study showed that macroprolactinemia is one of the causes of hyperprolactinemia with high prevalence. It is recommended that all hyperprolactinemic patients be screened for macroprolactinemia.

Genomic, Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the Clinical Forms of COVID-19: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Rodriguez ◽  
Nicolas de Prost ◽  
Slim Fourati ◽  
Claudie Lamoureux ◽  
Guillaume Gricourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Forms

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and evidence for cross‐species transmission in Northern Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Kuthyar ◽  
Martin M. Kowalewski ◽  
Matthew Seabolt ◽  
Dawn M. Roellig ◽  
Thomas R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis

Prevalence Rate of Coexisting Rathke Cleft Cysts and Pineal Cysts: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse W.L. Mendoza ◽  
Ben A. Strickland ◽  
Alexander Micko ◽  
Andrew Brunswick ◽  
Stefan Wolfsberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Daniel Thomas-Lopez ◽  
Karim Houali ◽  
Farida Ghalmi ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Assemblage B

The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.

Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in dogs from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio M. Paz e Silva ◽  
Marina M. Monobe ◽  
Raimundo S. Lopes ◽  
João P. Araujo Jr
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis

Evaluation of Supratentorial Brain Neoplasms - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2253-2259
Author(s):  
Mohit B. Gor ◽  
Kuldeepsinh D. Mori ◽  
Mehul N. Bavishi ◽  
Nirmala C. Chudasama ◽  
Jaypalsinh D. Barad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiplanar Imaging ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BACKGROUND Brain tumours represents 1.7 % of all cancers and contributes 1.8 % of all cancer deaths. Of all the brain tumours, 80 % are supratentorial.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. MRI examination has helped in early diagnosis, accurate localization of the tumour, with prompt initiation of appropriate medical or surgical therapy. Recent advances like magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, MR fluoroscopy with stereotactic guided biopsy have revolutionized the role of MRI in study of intracranial tumours. METHODS A cross sectional study of 75 patients was done by Siemens Essenza 1.5T MRI from June 2018 to June 2020 using dedicated head coil. RESULTS In our study, most of the patients were between 31 - 60 years of age (39 % of all patients) with the largest group between 31 - 40 years (20 % of all patients). Out of 75 cases of supratentorial neoplasms, 47 (72 %) were intra-axial lesions, 15 (23 %) were extra-axial lesions and 3 (5 %) were intra ventricular lesions. In this study, 69 % of the lesions were solitary and 31 % were multiple. Most of patients (89 %) showed some enhancement, most common being heterogeneous/inhomogeneous enhancement. Commonest type of supratentorial neoplasms were metastases comprising 29 % of this study. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance imaging is an important modality, having higher sensitivity for detecting intracranial pathology. Multiplanar imaging is possible with MRI which helps in early detection, localization and characterization of the lesion. Metastasis is the most common supratentorial tumour in this study followed by meningioma. Intra-axial tumours are more common than extra-axial tumours in this study. KEYWORDS MRI, Metastasis, Glioma, Meningioma

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