The Golden Decade of Black Business

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert Reed
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
The People ◽  
Record Player ◽  
Black Metropolis ◽  
Economic Influence ◽  
Recreation And Leisure

This chapter examines black business activities in Chicago in the 1920s. Robert S. Abbott, Jesse Binga, and Anthony Overton dominated the business activities of the Black Metropolis with their control over finance and information like no others in their community and very much like the business titans found throughout other major Chicago economic enclaves. Business was national king at this time and their collective presence provided a significant part of the foundation of making the Black Metropolis a reality. The economic influence of the 1920s built to such a crescendo that other interests and activities were virtually submerged to it as an epicenter. In fact, one internal memorandum of the NAACP concluded the following: “There are so many diversified interests in Chicago that the N.A.A.C.P. really suffers greatly from indifference on the part of the people.” These diversified interests were related to economics and the emergence of a consumers'society—working for extra money from which to increase spending and buying; spending for recreation and leisure rather than just for necessity; buying property, automobiles, and the new technological devices such as the refrigerator and record player; and investing in oil exploration, stocks, bonds, and real estate.

scholarly journals Environment pollution: The rise of militarism and terrorism in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christian Madubuko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Oil was discovered in large quantities in Nigeria in 1956 and exploration began in the same year. Before oil, agriculture and fishing had assured the Niger Delta people of a bright future. Since 1956, oil has been extracted from the Niger Delta with destructive consequences on the environment, bringing about environmental degradation and destruction of the people’s primary means of livelihood. Land and water were badly polluted, and the health of the people affected because of leaks from oil pipelines, gas flaring and acid rains. Several petitions and non-violent protests by Delta communities, women and youth against environmental destruction failed to receive attention. Rather, opposition to peaceful protests earned the people military invasions of their communities, clampdowns and jailings. The rise of militarism and terrorism in the Niger Delta was the result of the Federal Government and Oil Companies’ clampdown on non-violent protests for environmental justice in the Niger Delta. This paper discusses the history of oil exploration in the Niger Delta, oil laws, effects of oil exploration in the region, and the rise of militants and terrorists in the area. The paper uses the term, ‘environmental Justice’ to denote unfair treatment and destruction of the Delta environment resulting from oil exploration, non implementation and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, and abuse of human rights.The paper suggests solutions for peace in the Niger Delta.

Blockchain Technology and Its Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Lavanya Lingareddy ◽  
Parthiban Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Banking Education ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Generation Information

Like other new generation information technologies such as IoT, big data, AI, and cloud, cryptocurrency and blockchain became buzz words in both industry and academia due to their advantageous features. With the features like decentralization, transparency, immutability, blockchain technology became more famous and is emerging in almost all fields like banking, education, healthcare, government, and real estate. Blockchain technology was introduced in the year 1991. It came into existence after this technology was created for bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Santoshi Nakamoto in the year 2008. Since then, the blockchain is evolving rapidly. Even though blockchain usage is in high demand in all the sectors and it has received attention from many international organizations, most of the people lag in knowledge of blockchain technology and Cryptocurrency and how exactly they work. This chapter explores more in detail what blockchain technology is, how it works, and its applications.

The Akoko-Ikale: A Revision of Colonial Historiography on the Construction of Ethnic Identity in Southeastern Yorubaland

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukoya Ogen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The People

The Akoko-Ikale constitute a significant part of the Ikale sub-ethnic group in southeastern Yorubaland. However, as far as Yoruba historiography is concerned, the Akoko-Ikale and indeed the larger Ikale nation have suffered from neglect because they remain one of the least researched groups in Yorubaland. As a result of the dearth of serious academic works on the Ikale people, official and hegemonic accounts of Ikale's origin and ethnic identity that became institutionalized during the colonial era have become the abiding mantra in Ikale contemporary historical discourse.3 For instance, the Akoko-Ikale, as well as the generality of the people of Ikale, who are culturally, linguistically, and biologically of Yoruba stock, are widely perceived to have originated from Benin and so are Edoid people.The need to address and underscore the threat to identity posed by Ikale's historigraphical neglect and its fundamentally flawed Edo identity constitutes the major plank for this study. It is against this backdrop that this paper finds it expedient to focus on the origin and ethnic identity of the Akoko-Ikale. This important Ikale sub-group is singled out for scrutiny because of my belief that a systematic attempt at tracing the origin and pattern of migration of specific and very significant Ikale lineage groups such as the Akoko-Ikale represents the best way to discredit Ikale's widely alleged Edo identity and Benin ancestry.

The Generation of ’Eighty

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. McGann
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Land System ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
The Government ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
The Masses

Before the argentine revolution of 1810, land was the principal source of wealth and the sanction of social position in the otherwise resourceless Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata. The revolution of May did not significantly alter the fundamental social, political and economic relationships between the masses of the people, the landowners and the soil. And although the administration of Rivadavia in the 1820’s and the dictatorship of Rosas in the next two decades were poles apart in their philosophies of society and government, each bore the same fruit in the further concentration of land in the hands of a relatively few men. After the fall of Rosas and the return of the exiled unitarios in 1852, the position of the landed gentry was not changed, despite the work of men like Urquiza, Mitre and Sarmiento, who applied themselves to the task of awaking Argentina from its long sleep of reaction. These victorious leaders were liberal and pragmatic, but there was no Argentine Homestead Act during their administrations. They accepted the land system as it was and tried to build upon it by spinning out the means of communication and transportation and technical development that would make it workable and by bringing in immigrants to make it fruitful. Aside from the establishment of a few colonies, the methods of land distribution and the laws of landownership remained essentially unchanged. Indeed, the governments that came after the Rosas regime, needful of revenue and concerned with the white elephant that was the government domain, embarked on much the same types of real estate deals as had the tyrant. In one case, in 1857, the government leased 3,000,000 hectares of land to 373 people; in 1867 Mitre’s government sold this land on easy terms to its renters.

scholarly journals PLATARAN REMPUG RAWA BELONG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Christabella Nadia Angela ◽  
Franky Liauw
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The People ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Recreation And Leisure

Rawa Belong is one of the village in Jakarta’s density. Then this village was filled by social interactions that give a life to the city. A public space that everyone can relax and leisure also express themselves freely. With a cultural background and plants, Rawa Belong began to be seen as something special. Various communities and people with a different background are in it. Freedom that should be in a public space is not happen here, because of the density both in the interaction between people and their environment. This project is based on “Everyday Urbanism” method to observe and analysis the urban life in Rawa Belong. Then this project was created to resolve what people in Rawa Belong needs such as a place to recreation and leisure where will be seen as a connection between lost spaces also to create a space that combine all the people and community that should be in a public space.   Keywords:  community; cultural; plants; public space; social interactioAbstrakRawa Belong merupakan salah satu kelurahan ditengah kepadatan kota Jakarta. Suatu kelurahan yang diisi oleh interaksi social yang memberi kehidupan bagi kota. Sebuah wadah dan ruang public dimana setiap orang dapat melakukan aktivitas rekreasi dan mengekspresikan dirinya secara bebas. Dengan latar belakang sejarah budaya betawi dan juga tanaman hias, daerah Rawa Belong dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang khas dan istimewa. Berbagai macam komunitas dengan berbagai latar belakang ada di dalamnya, kebebasan yang seharusnya ada dalam sebuah ruang public tidak terlihat di daerah ini karena begitu padatnya satu dengan yang lainnya baik dalam interaksi antar manusia maupun interaksi dengan lingkungannya. Proyek ini didasari  menggunakan metode “Everyday Urbanism” untuk melakukan pengamatan dan analisa terhadap kehidupan di Rawa Belong. Kemudian proyek ini diciptakan untuk menjawab kebutuhan wadah rekreasi yang ada, dimana wadah ini akan dilihat sebagai sebuah koneksi antar ruang-ruang yang hilang dan menggabungkan semua komunitas dan masyarakat yang seharusnya ada dalam sebuah ruang terbuka.

scholarly journals Strip plazas in the suburbs: a redevelopment framework for convenience centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Elizabeth Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
Post War ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

Convenience centres are a prominent retail form in the suburban communities of Toronto. Built to satisfy the goods and service needs of the people who inhabit the suburbs, convenience centres were first built in the post-war era, and consist of one-story retail units connected by a shared canopy. They have one or more rows of parking adjacent to the street and are designed to create a convenient experience for drivers. Convenience centres in Toronto typically occupy real estate along the Avenues and major arterial roads: areas designated in the City of Toronto Official plan to support future intensification, density, and housing. Therefore, the research in this project describes a set of recommendations in the form of a framework for redevelopment of convenience centres. It also outlines a case study for a site in Scarborough, Ontario, in which this framework was applied. Key words: retail; strip plaza; convenience centre; suburbs; redevelopment; Toronto;

scholarly journals Inefficiency of Indian Real Estate indicators: A Need for Regulatory Agency & Index based on market deal

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Muthupandian B ◽  
Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Online Exchange ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
Real Estate Prices

The real estate sector is a major employment driver in India and it contributes a significant level to the GDP. Besides, it is the main source of wealth for all section of the people. There is no transparency and efficiency in the pricing of real estate transaction in-spite-of some indices representing the price movement of the real estate sector. This is because the price is based only on the primary market transaction. It‟s completely excluding the secondary market transaction of the sector. This paper attempts to address this issue by proposing an online exchange for real estate transaction, for bringing in more liquidity and transparencyto the sector, along with an index, based on the price traded in that exchange. These will a high relative measure to indicate and represent the price moment of the sector. This kind of regular monitoring of the real estate prices may be fruitful input for the different stake holders like buyers, seller, mediators, developers, investors, banks, housing finance companies, FIIs, private equities, analysts and others in their decision-making process.

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