Class and Race-Ethnicity in a Changing City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Garner ◽  
Black Hawk Hancock ◽  
Kenneth Fidel
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Class A ◽  
Chicago Metropolitan Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emergent Features ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

The chapter traces the dynamics of class and race-ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area, identifying persistent disparities and emergent features of stratification. The chapter begins with a focus on the impact of de-industrialization and economic restructuring on African Americans whose disadvantaged position in terms of employment and education in the 20th century was exacerbated rather than mitigated by the decline of the “industrial city.” Immigrants occupy a wide range of class-positions, depending on country of origin and their education and class background in these countries. A major emerging phenomenon is the rise of a new white-collar working class of diverse ethno-racial backgrounds that has a blurred boundary with the “creative class.” A brief critique of public discourse about class and race closes the chapter.

scholarly journals Reinventing the Squeal: Young New Zealand Women Negotiating Space in the Current Sexual Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lesley Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>The sexual behaviour of young emergent adult women in New Zealand has become a target of media attention and commentary. Moralising language is prevalent in the public discourse, describing young women negatively with respect to character and psychology. Research investigating the increase of cultural artefacts such as hooking up or casual sex is often risk-focused, concentrating predominantly on detrimental impacts such as STIs, rape-risks, and depression. Some feminist analyses describe behaviour as postfeminist or as examples of false consciousness. Despite these positions, young New Zealand women are engaging in these and other non-relationship sexual activities in growing numbers, suggesting that current approaches are failing to capture salient explanatory information. Due to the negative impacts of social constraints such as the sexual double standard, traditional femininity and moralising social commentary on young women it is important to present a more holistic image of their behaviour so as to provide a deeper explanatory view which better accounts for young women’s experiences and motivations. In this study I utilise a mixed method research design to access a wide range of participants on a sensitive research topic. A self-selecting sample of 163 young women aged between 18 and 30, recruited from various university campuses around New Zealand, completed an online survey. From this group 18 heterosexually-identifying young women were selected to participate in instant messaging, email and face to face interviews, and an online discussion group. To analyse the material they provided I use a Third Wave feminist theoretical lens in order to give primacy not only to their voices but also their claims to agency and the importance of subjective positionality. I use Sexual Script Theory as a framework to illuminate the impact of cultural dialogues on individuals, and space was conceptualised as a way to illustrate performances and agency. Results suggest that young New Zealand women are strongly affected by risk-focused and moralising dialogues to the effect that they have internalised a risk-focused cultural script that guides their sexual interactions and behaviours within socio-sexual culture in constrained and avoidant ways. Other performed scripts such as ‘good girl’ femininity, traditional masculinity, and the normative performance of heterosex also presented as barriers to subjective sexual experience/development. However, many young women in this study were resistant to some of these scripts, as evidenced in their attempts to occupy traditionally masculine and/or social spaces where non-normative behaviours are (partially) permitted. Their behaviour suggests critical engagement with their socio-sexual environment and some awareness of script elements that dictate acceptable feminine behaviour, and how these constraints can be (at least temporarily) resisted as a means to not only developing sexual subjectivity but also to refashioning modern femininity.</p>

Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Maria N. Neudert
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Methodological Assessment ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

As concerns over misinformation, political bots, and the impact of social media on public discourse manifest in Germany, this chapter explores the role of computational propaganda in and around German politics. The research sheds light on how algorithms, automation, and big data are leveraged to manipulate the German public, presenting real-time social media data and rich evidence from interviews with a wide range of German Internet experts—bot developers, policymakers, cyberwarfare specialists, victims of automated attacks, and social media moderators. In addition, the chapter examines how the ongoing public debate surrounding the threats of right-wing political currents and foreign election interference in the Federal Election 2017 has created sentiments of concern and fear. Imposed regulation, multi-stakeholder actionism, and sustained media attention remain unsubstantiated by empirical findings of computational propaganda. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of social media discourse during the German parliamentary election 2016. Pioneering the methodological assessment of the magnitude of automation and junk news, the author finds limited evidence of computational propaganda in Germany. The author concludes that the impact of computational propaganda, nonetheless, is substantial in Germany, promoting a dispersed civic debate, political vigilance, and restrictive countermeasures that leave a deep imprint on the freedom and openness of the public discourse in Germany.

scholarly journals Reinventing the Squeal: Young New Zealand Women Negotiating Space in the Current Sexual Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lesley Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>The sexual behaviour of young emergent adult women in New Zealand has become a target of media attention and commentary. Moralising language is prevalent in the public discourse, describing young women negatively with respect to character and psychology. Research investigating the increase of cultural artefacts such as hooking up or casual sex is often risk-focused, concentrating predominantly on detrimental impacts such as STIs, rape-risks, and depression. Some feminist analyses describe behaviour as postfeminist or as examples of false consciousness. Despite these positions, young New Zealand women are engaging in these and other non-relationship sexual activities in growing numbers, suggesting that current approaches are failing to capture salient explanatory information. Due to the negative impacts of social constraints such as the sexual double standard, traditional femininity and moralising social commentary on young women it is important to present a more holistic image of their behaviour so as to provide a deeper explanatory view which better accounts for young women’s experiences and motivations. In this study I utilise a mixed method research design to access a wide range of participants on a sensitive research topic. A self-selecting sample of 163 young women aged between 18 and 30, recruited from various university campuses around New Zealand, completed an online survey. From this group 18 heterosexually-identifying young women were selected to participate in instant messaging, email and face to face interviews, and an online discussion group. To analyse the material they provided I use a Third Wave feminist theoretical lens in order to give primacy not only to their voices but also their claims to agency and the importance of subjective positionality. I use Sexual Script Theory as a framework to illuminate the impact of cultural dialogues on individuals, and space was conceptualised as a way to illustrate performances and agency. Results suggest that young New Zealand women are strongly affected by risk-focused and moralising dialogues to the effect that they have internalised a risk-focused cultural script that guides their sexual interactions and behaviours within socio-sexual culture in constrained and avoidant ways. Other performed scripts such as ‘good girl’ femininity, traditional masculinity, and the normative performance of heterosex also presented as barriers to subjective sexual experience/development. However, many young women in this study were resistant to some of these scripts, as evidenced in their attempts to occupy traditionally masculine and/or social spaces where non-normative behaviours are (partially) permitted. Their behaviour suggests critical engagement with their socio-sexual environment and some awareness of script elements that dictate acceptable feminine behaviour, and how these constraints can be (at least temporarily) resisted as a means to not only developing sexual subjectivity but also to refashioning modern femininity.</p>

scholarly journals Unintended consequences: evaluating the impact of HIV and AIDS on sexuality research and policy debates

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s251-s258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sexuality Research ◽  
Sexual Values ◽  
Contested Spaces ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The HIV epidemic has had a profound impact on how we think about, talk about, and carry out research on sexuality. The epidemic opened up a wide range of approaches and methodologies within sexuality research, helping to encourage more open public discussion and debate concerning sexuality, sexual values, and sexual norms. Sexuality became one of the key contested spaces of public discourse in a previously unimaginable way, and both conservative and progressive forces have entered the debate in ways that have had a lasting impact on sexual policies in the last two decades. The current article seeks to briefly evaluate some of these important changes. It suggests that recent advances have decelerated or become more timid, while emphasizing the continued importance of seeking to address sexuality as a central issue within the context of HIV and AIDS. Although such developments may have been unintended, the ways we respond to the epidemic can have a significant impact (for better or worse) on how issues related to sexuality and sexual health are addressed.

Convergence toward the European Social Model? Impact of EU accession on Polish social policy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In order to join the European Union (EU) Poland had to meet a wide range of conditions including adoption of acquis communautaire, significant administrative reforms and economic restructuring. This article deals with all these EU-membership commitments which directly influenced the Polish social policy, spanning such areas as free movement of persons (mainly workers), labour law, social dialogue, labour market and social inclusion policies and pensions. These changes - even if incremental and evolutionary - made the Polish welfare state more compatible with the European Social Model. Judging from the experience of Poland, the European Social Model (ESM) is far from vague and meaningless ideology. The ESM has had a significant impact on national social policies which is discernible at four general levels: values and general rules, which engender a welfare state philosophy shared by all Member States; Community-enforced social minimum standards; European-level institutional co-operative procedures; and monetary transfers in the framework of cohesion policy. The impact of the EU is visible to a varying degree – ranging from substantial in the peripheral areas such as gender equality or health and safety at work to purely theoretical in fiscal and monetary matters. The Polish welfare state has been heavily influenced by practical day-to-day administrative and institutional co-operation of Poland with the UE.       Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v1i1.159

Backtalk: The social costs of proliferating charter schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Iris C. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Competition For Resources

A wide range of research shows the impact of charter schools on segregation by race, ethnicity, income, disability, language, culture, or religion — or a combination of these variables. The segregation plays out in different situations and in different ways. Iris Rotberg describes how the competition for resources and students creates conditions where public schools have fewer resources to educate the students with the greatest need.

Beyond a Black—White Dualism: Racialisation and Racism in the Republic of Ireland and the Irish Diaspora Experience

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairtin Mac An Ghaill
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Republic

Race, ethnicity and racism are currently of major significance to Western societies. Recent social and cultural changes, associated with the crisis in modernity, involving global economic restructuring, mass migrations and increasing cultural exchange have highlighted a wide range of processes of social exclusion and marginalisation. These changes have challenged older conceptual frameworks of racism and anti-racism based on a black-white dualism. This paper focuses upon the question of the racialisation of the Irish within the Republic of Ireland and the argument for a specific rather than generalised American-based analysis of racism. This is an under-developed area of Irish sociology that requires a socio-historical perspective. However, the Irish – both in Ireland and as emigrants – have played a central role in the formation of race and racism in early and late modernity. The monocultural Irish state is often elided with the travelling ‘multi-coloured’, Irish people – one of the world's most transnational populations. There is a particular concern here with the experiences of the Irish diaspora in Britain, which may be of value as a conceptual resource, at a time when there is much confusion around the issue of race and politics in the Republic of Ireland. Sociology has a specific role to play in making public space for explanations that produce more inclusive accounts of Ireland and Irishness, as a territorially based national identity is in the process of being re-configured in the South.

scholarly journals Convergence toward the European Social Model? Impact of EU accession on Polish social policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In order to join the European Union (EU) Poland had to meet a wide range of conditions including adoption of acquis communautaire, significant administrative reforms and economic restructuring. This article deals with all these EU-membership commitments which directly influenced the Polish social policy, spanning such areas as free movement of persons (mainly workers), labour law, social dialogue, labour market and social inclusion policies and pensions. These changes - even if incremental and evolutionary - made the Polish welfare state more compatible with the European Social Model. Judging from the experience of Poland, the European Social Model (ESM) is far from vague and meaningless ideology. The ESM has had a significant impact on national social policies which is discernible at four general levels: values and general rules, which engender a welfare state philosophy shared by all Member States; Community-enforced social minimum standards; European-level institutional co-operative procedures; and monetary transfers in the framework of cohesion policy. The impact of the EU is visible to a varying degree – ranging from substantial in the peripheral areas such as gender equality or health and safety at work to purely theoretical in fiscal and monetary matters. The Polish welfare state has been heavily influenced by practical day-to-day administrative and institutional co-operation of Poland with the UE.

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