scholarly journals Reinventing the Squeal: Young New Zealand Women Negotiating Space in the Current Sexual Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lesley Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>The sexual behaviour of young emergent adult women in New Zealand has become a target of media attention and commentary. Moralising language is prevalent in the public discourse, describing young women negatively with respect to character and psychology. Research investigating the increase of cultural artefacts such as hooking up or casual sex is often risk-focused, concentrating predominantly on detrimental impacts such as STIs, rape-risks, and depression. Some feminist analyses describe behaviour as postfeminist or as examples of false consciousness. Despite these positions, young New Zealand women are engaging in these and other non-relationship sexual activities in growing numbers, suggesting that current approaches are failing to capture salient explanatory information. Due to the negative impacts of social constraints such as the sexual double standard, traditional femininity and moralising social commentary on young women it is important to present a more holistic image of their behaviour so as to provide a deeper explanatory view which better accounts for young women’s experiences and motivations. In this study I utilise a mixed method research design to access a wide range of participants on a sensitive research topic. A self-selecting sample of 163 young women aged between 18 and 30, recruited from various university campuses around New Zealand, completed an online survey. From this group 18 heterosexually-identifying young women were selected to participate in instant messaging, email and face to face interviews, and an online discussion group. To analyse the material they provided I use a Third Wave feminist theoretical lens in order to give primacy not only to their voices but also their claims to agency and the importance of subjective positionality. I use Sexual Script Theory as a framework to illuminate the impact of cultural dialogues on individuals, and space was conceptualised as a way to illustrate performances and agency. Results suggest that young New Zealand women are strongly affected by risk-focused and moralising dialogues to the effect that they have internalised a risk-focused cultural script that guides their sexual interactions and behaviours within socio-sexual culture in constrained and avoidant ways. Other performed scripts such as ‘good girl’ femininity, traditional masculinity, and the normative performance of heterosex also presented as barriers to subjective sexual experience/development. However, many young women in this study were resistant to some of these scripts, as evidenced in their attempts to occupy traditionally masculine and/or social spaces where non-normative behaviours are (partially) permitted. Their behaviour suggests critical engagement with their socio-sexual environment and some awareness of script elements that dictate acceptable feminine behaviour, and how these constraints can be (at least temporarily) resisted as a means to not only developing sexual subjectivity but also to refashioning modern femininity.</p>

scholarly journals Reinventing the Squeal: Young New Zealand Women Negotiating Space in the Current Sexual Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lesley Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>The sexual behaviour of young emergent adult women in New Zealand has become a target of media attention and commentary. Moralising language is prevalent in the public discourse, describing young women negatively with respect to character and psychology. Research investigating the increase of cultural artefacts such as hooking up or casual sex is often risk-focused, concentrating predominantly on detrimental impacts such as STIs, rape-risks, and depression. Some feminist analyses describe behaviour as postfeminist or as examples of false consciousness. Despite these positions, young New Zealand women are engaging in these and other non-relationship sexual activities in growing numbers, suggesting that current approaches are failing to capture salient explanatory information. Due to the negative impacts of social constraints such as the sexual double standard, traditional femininity and moralising social commentary on young women it is important to present a more holistic image of their behaviour so as to provide a deeper explanatory view which better accounts for young women’s experiences and motivations. In this study I utilise a mixed method research design to access a wide range of participants on a sensitive research topic. A self-selecting sample of 163 young women aged between 18 and 30, recruited from various university campuses around New Zealand, completed an online survey. From this group 18 heterosexually-identifying young women were selected to participate in instant messaging, email and face to face interviews, and an online discussion group. To analyse the material they provided I use a Third Wave feminist theoretical lens in order to give primacy not only to their voices but also their claims to agency and the importance of subjective positionality. I use Sexual Script Theory as a framework to illuminate the impact of cultural dialogues on individuals, and space was conceptualised as a way to illustrate performances and agency. Results suggest that young New Zealand women are strongly affected by risk-focused and moralising dialogues to the effect that they have internalised a risk-focused cultural script that guides their sexual interactions and behaviours within socio-sexual culture in constrained and avoidant ways. Other performed scripts such as ‘good girl’ femininity, traditional masculinity, and the normative performance of heterosex also presented as barriers to subjective sexual experience/development. However, many young women in this study were resistant to some of these scripts, as evidenced in their attempts to occupy traditionally masculine and/or social spaces where non-normative behaviours are (partially) permitted. Their behaviour suggests critical engagement with their socio-sexual environment and some awareness of script elements that dictate acceptable feminine behaviour, and how these constraints can be (at least temporarily) resisted as a means to not only developing sexual subjectivity but also to refashioning modern femininity.</p>

Indian Women Working in Call Centers

2012 ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Doreen J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The Impact

This chapter draws on recent (2005) interviews with 20 call center workers in the New Delhi metro area to analyze the impact of employment in international call centers for young middle-class Indian women. Providing a wide range of telephone and occasionally Internet services to customers in the US, UK, and Australia, call centers are a booming source of employment for young English-speaking Indians. Roughly half of the growing workforce is female, and the wages are high by Indian standards. Nevertheless, the need to work at night to service customers on other continents creates special hardships and complications, particularly for young women who traditionally would not be allowed to go out at night. While acknowledging the hardships and obstacles presented by the work, this chapter shows that that working in call centers changes the relationships between the young women workers and their parents. Specifically, it argues that young women working in call centers are implicitly rejecting traditional patterns of family control over daughters, and in doing so they are resisting subordination.

Yes, But

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laina Y. Bay-Cheng ◽  
Anne E. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Unwanted Sex ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Experiences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Reflecting the wide range of consensual unwanted sexual experiences, researchers often have contrasting views of the impact of these incidents on young women. Some scholars support a normalizing view of these as fairly harmless and ordinary aspects of relationships, akin to other forms of willing compromises between partners. Other researchers problematize unwanted sexual experiences, framing them in terms of gender inequalities and detrimental effects. In the current study, we were interested in how young women themselves characterized their unwanted sexual experiences and whether these accounts varied according to a woman’s social location. We interviewed 41 young women (18–22 years old) from three groups: affluent undergraduates, low-income undergraduates, and low-income nonstudents. Almost all of the affluent undergraduates framed their unwanted sexual experiences in normalizing terms, representing such events as relatively harmless incidents and outgrowths of developmental experimentation. In contrast, the low-income students and nonstudents both articulated more ambivalent positions and were more inclined to link their experience to sources of vulnerability, including personal adversity (e.g., trauma, social, and material insecurity) and social norms and stigma. Participants’ sexual histories, life circumstances, and standpoints at the intersection of gender and class were reflected in their experiences of unwanted sex, reinforcing that contextualized analyses and interventions are essential to advancing women’s sexual rights and well-being. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ 's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental

scholarly journals Standing Tall: the evolution of habitable room height limits in New Zealand building controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Nigel Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Height Range ◽  
City Councils ◽  
House Improvement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Building Controls

Although it is often thought that the 3 February 1931 Napier earthquake led to the first New Zealand building codes, they have a far longer history. Often developed by the local town, city or borough engineer, these codes or by-laws covered a wide range of topics, not just structural safety. Two surveys of local government building bylaws undertaken to support the development of national building controls, have created digests of details from a number of these codes. The 1924 survey of 37 municipalities supported the development of the first national code for timber buildings, while the 1938 survey of 84 municipalities was used to develop NZSS 95 Model Building By-law during the 1930s and early 1940s. The digests provide an opportunity to explore the 1930s development of building by-laws by geographical and topic coverage, as well as the impact on building controls since that time.These local building bylaws often included requirements that affected the interior architecture of buildings, such as the requirement for minimum dwelling or bedroom room heights. In 1924 these minima ranged from 8 ft to 10 ft (2.4 m to 3.0 m) for either a dwelling or an attic room. However, by 1938 while the height range for dwelling rooms was unchanged for attic rooms the range was reduced by 1 foot (0.3 m) to 7 ft to 9 ft (2.1 to 2.9 m). Although the 1992 New Zealand Building Code does not specify minimum habitable room heights, the House Improvement Regulations 1947 are still in force. These initially set the habitable room height requirement to 2.1 m, increasing in 1975 to 2.4 m.The paper explores the development of minimum dwelling height requirements in New Zealand using these two surveys with analysis of Wellington and Dunedin City Councils from the 1870s to the 1930s. These requirements will be compared to UK codes, exploring both the international evolution of room height requirements and the relationship to New Zealand.

scholarly journals 7th Interscholastic Student HIV & Sexual Health Research Symposium 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Nair ◽  
Koson Tony Sriamporn ◽  
Ayan Said ◽  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Adetoun Nnabugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Impact

On Wednesday 23 June 2021 a one-day event was hosted by Auckland University of Technology’s (AUT) Child and Youth Health Research Centre (CYHRC) at South Campus, Manukau City. This annual event was initiated in 2014 and is a collaboration by researchers from AUT, University of Auckland and Massey University. It aims to provide an opportunity for postgraduate students with projects focusing on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexual Health to present their studies and to meet and network with other researchers with similar interests. This successful event incorporated much stimulating discussion with the oral presentations by postgraduate students; and there were 40 attendees (both face to face and online) from academic, NGO and public sectors, including New Zealand Aids Foundation (NZAF), District Health Boards, GP clinics. The presentations demonstrated a wide range of topics including HIV counselling programmes in India; blood donor policies among Gay and Bisexual Men in New Zealand; and the role of social media apps in providing sexual and reproductive health information for users. An innovation in 2021 was that of a plenary session at the end of the presentations providing a general forum for discussion based on the theme, 'HIV and Sexual Health in a Post Covid World. Key experts and students discussed their experiences led by a panel of four HIV/Sexual Health researchers. Indigenous Pacific perspectives were also shared along with policy directions and implications.  Key takeaways relevant within the post covid context were the need for more research support in the field of HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health and the impact of HIV/Sexual Health among vulnerable marginalised groups.   Here in this special section of vol 4 of Pacific Health, 2021, we present the abstracts from the oral presentations.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Maoricicada Cambelli (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): MtDNA Evidence Interpreted Using Phylogenetics and Nested Clade Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kathy Barbara Rose Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Nested Clade Analysis ◽  
Alpine Fault ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>New Zealand, because of its wide range of habitats and rapidly changing, well-studied palaeohistory provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the impact of earth processes on the distribution of taxa. There are now a variety of studies on plants that investigate such patterns, and a growing number of studies on animal taxa. Most studies have supported the hypothesis that current patterns of distribution of New Zealand taxa were created by dispersal, mediated by landscape and climatic conditions over time, and have contradicted the panbiogeographic hypothesis that explained distributions via vicariant landscape changes such as lateral displacement along the Alpine Fault. This thesis presents a detailed phylogeographic history of a widespread, endemic New Zealand cicada, Maoricicada campbelli, that is abundant throughout much of the South Island and is also found in the central volcanic plateau of the North Island. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of 223 individuals from 70 populations of M. campbelli were studied using both traditional phylogenetic methods and nested clade analysis (NCA). As found in a previous study of 35 M. campbelli individuals, geographic structuring was strong, with two main clades (North Island+northern South Island versus Otago) representing diverse lineages that may in fact be different species. Population structuring within the northern South Island clade suggested that the central South Island was mostly uninhabitable during glacial periods and demonstrated a sister-group relationship between northern and southern Southern Alps populations to the exclusion of the more central Southern Alps populations. Population histories estimated from NCA support the hypothesis that most M. campbelli populations were formed through dispersal rather than via fragmentation or Alpine Fault vicariance. Three areas of ring-species-like secondary contact were found between the Otago and northern South Island clades, between lineages that had been isolated for approximately 2.3my. Further study is predicted to confirm the presence of additional suspected contact zones, and will demonstrate whether the different lineages are reproductively isolated or hybridising at these areas of secondary contact.</p>

Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Maria N. Neudert
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Methodological Assessment ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

As concerns over misinformation, political bots, and the impact of social media on public discourse manifest in Germany, this chapter explores the role of computational propaganda in and around German politics. The research sheds light on how algorithms, automation, and big data are leveraged to manipulate the German public, presenting real-time social media data and rich evidence from interviews with a wide range of German Internet experts—bot developers, policymakers, cyberwarfare specialists, victims of automated attacks, and social media moderators. In addition, the chapter examines how the ongoing public debate surrounding the threats of right-wing political currents and foreign election interference in the Federal Election 2017 has created sentiments of concern and fear. Imposed regulation, multi-stakeholder actionism, and sustained media attention remain unsubstantiated by empirical findings of computational propaganda. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of social media discourse during the German parliamentary election 2016. Pioneering the methodological assessment of the magnitude of automation and junk news, the author finds limited evidence of computational propaganda in Germany. The author concludes that the impact of computational propaganda, nonetheless, is substantial in Germany, promoting a dispersed civic debate, political vigilance, and restrictive countermeasures that leave a deep imprint on the freedom and openness of the public discourse in Germany.

Class and Race-Ethnicity in a Changing City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Garner ◽  
Black Hawk Hancock ◽  
Kenneth Fidel
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Class A ◽  
Chicago Metropolitan Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emergent Features ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

The chapter traces the dynamics of class and race-ethnicity in the Chicago metropolitan area, identifying persistent disparities and emergent features of stratification. The chapter begins with a focus on the impact of de-industrialization and economic restructuring on African Americans whose disadvantaged position in terms of employment and education in the 20th century was exacerbated rather than mitigated by the decline of the “industrial city.” Immigrants occupy a wide range of class-positions, depending on country of origin and their education and class background in these countries. A major emerging phenomenon is the rise of a new white-collar working class of diverse ethno-racial backgrounds that has a blurred boundary with the “creative class.” A brief critique of public discourse about class and race closes the chapter.

Secure girls: Class, sexuality, and self-esteem

Sexualities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C Wilkins ◽  
Sarah A Miller
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
The Impact

Public discourse is replete with talk about the fragility of young women’s self-esteem, linking poor self-concept to a range of social problems associated with girlhood. We know little about the impact of these ideas on young women. In this article, we examine interviews with 66 girls, aged 14–22, to understand how they talk about the link between self-esteem and sexual expression in everyday life. We find that girls’ talk about self-esteem uses classed meanings that unintentionally reinforce and extend the role of sexuality in girls’ status hierarchies, benefitting those with more class resources, while policing all girls’ abilities to claim sexual agency.

scholarly journals Relationship between maximum aerobic power and resting metabolic rate in young adult women

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smith ◽  
J. Dollman ◽  
R. T. Withers ◽  
M. Brinkman ◽  
J. P. Keeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Young Adult Women ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Smith, D. A., J. Dollman, R. T. Withers, M. Brinkman, J. P. Keeves, and D. G. Clark. Relationship between maximum aerobic power and resting metabolic rate in young adult women. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(1): 156–163, 1997.—The literature is inconclusive as to the chronic effect of aerobic exercise on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and furthermore there is a scarcity of data on young women. Thirty-four young women exhibiting a wide range of aerobic fitness [maximum aerobic power (V˙o 2 max) = 32.3–64.8 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1] were accordingly measured for RMR by the Douglas bag method, treadmillV˙o 2 max, and fat-free mass (FFM) by using Siri’s three-compartment model. The interclass correlation ( n = 34) between RMR (kJ/h) and V˙o 2 max(ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was significant ( r = 0.39, P < 0.05). However, this relationship lost statistical significance when RMR was indexed to FFM and when partial correlation analysis was used to control for FFM differences. Furthermore, multiple linear-regression analysis indicated that only FFM emerged as a significant predictor of RMR (kJ/h). When high- ( n = 12) and low-fitness ( n = 12) groups were extracted from the cohort on the basis ofV˙o 2 max scores, independent t-tests revealed significant between-group differences ( P < 0.05) for RMR (kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ h−1) andV˙o 2 max(ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) but not for RMR (kJ/h), RMR (kJ ⋅ kg FFM−1 ⋅ h−1), and FFM. Analysis of covariance of RMR (kJ/h) with FFM as the covariate also showed no significant difference ( P = 0.56) between high- and low-fitness groups. Thus the results suggest that 1) FFM accounts for most of the differences in RMR between subjects of varyingV˙o 2 max values and 2) the RMR per unit of FFM in young healthy women is unrelated toV˙o 2 max.

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