scholarly journals Phenotypic association of seven observed traits of hand complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurahim Kalajdžić ◽  
Naris Pojskić ◽  
Tarik Corbo ◽  
Rifat Hadžiselimović
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Squared

This paper provides an overview of the seven possible hand-related traits, with an idea to estimate the statistical phenotypic association between them. The traits observed in this study were: midphalangeal hair, Hitchhiker’s thumb, extensibility of proximal joint of thumb, digital index, nail shape, crooked fifth finger and hand clasping. The mentioned characteristics were observed in 7431 unrelated subjects, with approximately equal gender distribution. For each case, three groups were formed: total, male and female. The subjects were evenly distributed throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina’s various geographical regions, and they properly represent the country’s national and ethnic composition. The Chi-squared test was used to determine the statistical significance of the association between these traits, while Fisher’s exact test was utilized as an extra test to analyze the association between each pair of observed features. Also, Chi-squared test was applied for observing differences in the frequencies of the phenotypic characteristics of the hand between the genders. Following traits were shown to have a statistically significant association: midphalangeal hair-Hitchhiker’s thumb, midphalangeal hair – digital index, midphalangeal hair – nail shape, midphalangeal hair – crooked fifth finger, Hitchhiker’s thumb- extensibility of proximal joint of thumb, digital index – nail shape, digital index -crooked fifth finger, midphalangeal hair – hand clasping, crooked fifth finger – hand clasping. Analysis of differences in the frequencies of the observed phenotypic traits of the hand according to the genders showed statistical significance for D, Dht, Ref and Lf.

scholarly journals Effect of Pitch Size on Technical-Tactical Actions of the Goalkeeper in Small-Sided Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jara ◽  
Enrique Ortega ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Zone Length ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test

Abstract The aim of this paper was to determine how the size of the pitch affected technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper when playing small-sided games. The participants were 13 male youth players, including 3 goalkeepers. Three different pitch sizes were used (62 x 44 m; 50 x 35 m; 32 x 23 m). On each pitch, the players played three matches of 8 minutes, with 5-minute breaks between matches. Numerous variables were recorded and examined: defensive and offensive technical and tactical actions, opponent’s shooting zone, length and zone of the offensive action, and goal zone where the shoot was directed. An ad hoc observational tool was used. A descriptive analysis was described. The Fisher’s exact test was used when the expected distribution was below 5 or included values below 1%. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that the technical-tactical actions of the goalkeeper differed among pitch sizes. In defensive actions, when the pitch was larger, the 1-on-1 situations took precedence, whereas when the pitch was smaller, the proportion of blocks increased. In offensive actions, the goalkeepers did not show a wide variety of actions when the pitch was larger, but when the pitch was smaller, passes with a hand or foot increased. These results show that the size should be taken into account when planning and designing tasks.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Level of Awareness about the Transmission of Echinococcosis and Toxocariasis between Pet Owners and Non-Pet Owners in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kantarakia ◽  
Maria E. Tsoumani ◽  
Antonis Galanos ◽  
Alexander G. Mathioudakis ◽  
Eleni Giannoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Chi Squared

Ζoonotic parasitic diseases that can occur through animal contact pose risks to pets, their owners and to their bond. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about zoonoses, specifically echinococcosis and toxocariasis, among cat/dog owners and non-pet owners in Greece. Multiple-choice questionnaires were designed to obtain data regarding the knowledge of pet and non-pet owners on echinococcosis and toxocariasis, including signs and symptoms of these zoonoses, ways of transmission and precautions that need to be taken into account in order to avoid it. A total of 185 questionnaires were retrieved and data was expressed as absolute (Ν) and relative frequencies (%). Associations between pet ownership, residence and outcome variables were evaluated using the Fisher exact test and Chi-squared test, respectively. Multifactorial linear regression analysis was used to investigate the cross-sectional association between demographic characteristics and the awareness of helminthic zoonoses. All tests were two-sided and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Our study revealed a disturbing lack of awareness of echinococcosis and toxocariasis (mean zoonotic knowledge score 8.11 ± 3.18) independently of pet ownership. Surprisingly, in some cases the ignorance of pet owners exceeded that of non-pet owners. Given the progressive impact of toxocariasis in public health and the high prevalence of echinococcosis in the Mediterranean region, measures should be taken to inform people about zoonoses and eliminate their putative transmission.

scholarly journals THE PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF THE NURSING TEAM VS. WORK CONDITIONS AND RELATIONS: A RELATIONAL STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Wisniewski ◽  
Eraldo Schunk Silva ◽  
Yolanda Dora Martinez Évora ◽  
Laura Misue Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Professional Satisfaction ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Hospital Nursing ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACTThis relational, transversal and quantitative study aimed to test the association of sociodemographic and professional variables with the job satisfaction of hospital nursing teams and to ascertain whether the work relations and conditions influenced the professional satisfaction of the same teams. A total of 212 subjects participated, responding to the Research into Work Conditions and Relations questionnaire in the period February - June 2013. The data were treated using descriptive statistical analysis and bivariate analysis, using Fisher's exact test and the Chi-squared test. It was observed that there was statistical significance (p<0.05) between dissatisfaction and sex, time since graduation, work department and shift, number and type of employment links, team size, safety, occupational health, department accommodation, task distribution, professional encouragement, valorization of the work and motivation. It was concluded that inadequate work conditions and relations were associated with nursing professionals' job dissatisfaction.

Commonly used measures and statistical tests.

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Donald L. J. Quicke ◽  
Buntika A. Butcher ◽  
Rachel A. Kruft Welton
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
T Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract There are a number of statistical tests that are frequently used, even by non-specialists. This chapter will cover tests such as Chi-squared, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U and several variations of the Student's t-test, amongst others.

Incidence of Micropapillary Carcinoma in Total Thyroidectomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P39-P39
Author(s):  
Michael Navid Pakdaman ◽  
Michael P Hier ◽  
Michael Tamilia ◽  
Martin J Black ◽  
Richard J Payne
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Micropapillary Carcinoma ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Extracapsular Spread ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test

Objective (1) Compare prognostic factors in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) <5 mm versus >=5 mm. (2) To compare MPC characteristics in patients with pre-existing thyroid carcinoma to patients with no other thyroid carcinoma. Methods Pathology results were reviewed for consecutive total thyroidectomy patients between 2002 and 2007 (n=835). Hemithyroidectomies and completion thyroidectomies were excluded. Statistical significance of the difference in incidences was calculated using Fisher's exact test and chi-squared analysis. Results MPC was found in 50.2% of total cases. Where the size was <5mm (64%), 9.3% extended beyond the thyroid capsule, 51.7% were multifocal, and 27.5% were bilateral. In MPCs >=5 mm (36%), the data showed 25.2%, 70.9%, 51%, respectively (p-value always < 0.05). In the 314 patients with no other thyroid malignancy, MPC was found in 47.1% of cases. 14.9% had capsular extension; 50% were multifocal, of which 56.8% were bilateral. In the 521 patients with malignant disease, the data showed 52.1%, 15.1%, 63.2%, and 63.3%, respectively, with p-values via Fisher's exact test .22, .112, .003, and .07. Conclusions In this study, MPC was found in 50.2% of patients. MPCs >=5 mm carried an increased risk for extracapsular spread, multifocality, and bilaterality. While patients with malignancies of the thyroid (aside from MPC) more commonly have multifocal MPCs, there was no significant difference in bilaterality, size, or extracapsular spread in MPCs in the presence of malignant vs. benign disease.

Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P40-P40
Author(s):  
Michael Navid Pakdaman ◽  
Michael P Hier ◽  
Martin J Black ◽  
Michael Tamilia ◽  
Richard J Payne
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
The Relationship

Objective An increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been described. We have yet to find literature discussing a relationship with micropapillary thyroid carcinoma(MPC). Our objective is (1) to assess the relationship between Papillary Microcarcinoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in thyroids without malignant disease, (2) compare effect of the presence of Hashimoto's on prognostic factors in patients. Methods Pathology reports were reviewed for consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy over a 6-year period from 2002 to 2007. Patients with benign pathologies were included. Patients with MPC and no other malignancy were also included. This lead to a cohort of 314 patients. Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher's exact test and a chi-squared analysis. Results Out of the 314 patients, 98 were positive for Hashimoto's thyroiditis on biopsy of the removed thyroid. 58% of the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had an incidental MPC, as compared to 42% of patients where Hashimoto's was not found. Additionally, in Hashimoto patients, 61% of the MPCs were multifocal versus 43% multifocal in the non-Hashimoto group (p-value <0.05 in each comparison). Bilaterality of MPC was also increased in patients with Hashimoto's (22% vs 39%). Conclusions Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in this study had an incidence of MPC of 58%, which is significantly greater than the 42% in those without. Hashimoto's was also associated with an increased risk of bilaterality and multifocality. Studies are needed to further corroborate these findings.

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