Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Objective An increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been described. We have yet to find literature discussing a relationship with micropapillary thyroid carcinoma(MPC). Our objective is (1) to assess the relationship between Papillary Microcarcinoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in thyroids without malignant disease, (2) compare effect of the presence of Hashimoto's on prognostic factors in patients. Methods Pathology reports were reviewed for consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy over a 6-year period from 2002 to 2007. Patients with benign pathologies were included. Patients with MPC and no other malignancy were also included. This lead to a cohort of 314 patients. Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher's exact test and a chi-squared analysis. Results Out of the 314 patients, 98 were positive for Hashimoto's thyroiditis on biopsy of the removed thyroid. 58% of the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had an incidental MPC, as compared to 42% of patients where Hashimoto's was not found. Additionally, in Hashimoto patients, 61% of the MPCs were multifocal versus 43% multifocal in the non-Hashimoto group (p-value <0.05 in each comparison). Bilaterality of MPC was also increased in patients with Hashimoto's (22% vs 39%). Conclusions Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in this study had an incidence of MPC of 58%, which is significantly greater than the 42% in those without. Hashimoto's was also associated with an increased risk of bilaterality and multifocality. Studies are needed to further corroborate these findings.

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Evidence for the Continued Occurrence of Chorioretinopathy in Working Sheep Dogs in New Zealand in 2010

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2229

Author(s):

Adam B. O’Connell ◽

A. Craig Irving ◽

Paul L. Hughes ◽

Naomi Cogger ◽

Boyd R. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

South West ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Relationship

A study in conducted 1987 by Hughes et al., found that 39% of working sheep dogs had multifocal retinitis. One of the identified causes was ocular larval migrans, which were a result of migrating ascarid larvae. Since that paper was published, anthelmintic use in farm dogs has been highly recommended. There has been no follow-up study to determine if fundic lesions are still present. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chorioretinopathy in working sheep dogs in the South-West, Waikato, New Zealand. This was a cross-sectional study of 184 working sheep dogs and 51 owners, undertaken in 2010 with owners sampled from New Zealand’s South-West Waikato and Tux North Island Dog Trial Championship. Two-way tables were used to explore the relationship between variables. Significance of association was assessed using a Chi-squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Overall prevalence of chorioretinopathy in the working sheep dogs was 44/184 (24%). A significantly higher prevalence of chorioretinopathy was shown in dogs with increasing age, from 2 years to >8 years (p = 0.0007) and in males (p < 0.0001). This study concluded that lesions of chorioretinopathy are still present in working sheep dogs in New Zealand.

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Mutation of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Related Genes and the Screening of Candidate Genes

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.813802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lizhuo Zhang ◽

Lingyan Zhou ◽

Qingqing Feng ◽

Qinglin Li ◽

Minghua Ge

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Chip Technology ◽

High Throughput Detection ◽

The Relationship

Clinical studies have shown similarities in the genetic background and biological functional characteristics between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and that HT may increase risks of PTC. Here, we set to determine the gene expression specificity of HT and PTC by screening related genes or co-expressed genes and exploring their genetic correlation. Referencing the Oncomine database, HT-related genes were discovered to be expressed in many different types of thyroid cancer, such as TSHR that is highly expressed in thyroid cancer. An in-depth genetic analysis and verification of 35 cancer and paracancerous tissue pairs from patients with thyroid cancer, and 35 tissues and blood cells pairs from patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was conducted. Gene chip technology research showed that TSHR, BACH2, FOXE1, RNASET2, CTLA4, PTPN22, IL2RA and other HT-related genes were all expressed in PTC, in which TSHR was significantly over-expressed in PTC patients sensitive to radioactive iodine therapy, while BACH2 was significantly under-expressed in these patients. The biologically significant candidate Tag SNP highlighted from HT-related genes was screened by the high-throughput detection method. Somatic mutations in patients with HT and PTC were detected by target region capture technique, and 75 mutations were found in patients with HT and PTC. The upstream regulatory factors of the different genes shared by HT and PTC were analyzed based on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and it was found that HIF-1α and PD-L1 could be used as important upstream regulatory signal molecules. These results provide a basis for screening key diagnostic genes of PTC by highlighting the relationship between some HT-related genes and their polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of PTC.

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Incidence of Micropapillary Carcinoma in Total Thyroidectomy

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.128 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. P39-P39

Author(s):

Michael Navid Pakdaman ◽

Michael P Hier ◽

Michael Tamilia ◽

Martin J Black ◽

Richard J Payne

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Total Thyroidectomy ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Micropapillary Carcinoma ◽

Exact Test ◽

Extracapsular Spread ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test

Objective (1) Compare prognostic factors in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) <5 mm versus >=5 mm. (2) To compare MPC characteristics in patients with pre-existing thyroid carcinoma to patients with no other thyroid carcinoma. Methods Pathology results were reviewed for consecutive total thyroidectomy patients between 2002 and 2007 (n=835). Hemithyroidectomies and completion thyroidectomies were excluded. Statistical significance of the difference in incidences was calculated using Fisher's exact test and chi-squared analysis. Results MPC was found in 50.2% of total cases. Where the size was <5mm (64%), 9.3% extended beyond the thyroid capsule, 51.7% were multifocal, and 27.5% were bilateral. In MPCs >=5 mm (36%), the data showed 25.2%, 70.9%, 51%, respectively (p-value always < 0.05). In the 314 patients with no other thyroid malignancy, MPC was found in 47.1% of cases. 14.9% had capsular extension; 50% were multifocal, of which 56.8% were bilateral. In the 521 patients with malignant disease, the data showed 52.1%, 15.1%, 63.2%, and 63.3%, respectively, with p-values via Fisher's exact test .22, .112, .003, and .07. Conclusions In this study, MPC was found in 50.2% of patients. MPCs >=5 mm carried an increased risk for extracapsular spread, multifocality, and bilaterality. While patients with malignancies of the thyroid (aside from MPC) more commonly have multifocal MPCs, there was no significant difference in bilaterality, size, or extracapsular spread in MPCs in the presence of malignant vs. benign disease.

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The Relationship Between COVID-19-induced Death and Chronic Diseases

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.7.3.334.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Hasan Alinejad ◽

◽

Reza Vazirinejad ◽

Ahmadreza Sayadi ◽

Zeinab Hajaliakbari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Relationship

Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc.). These conditions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and sometimes lead to long-term hospitalization. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19-induced mortality and various chronic diseases in patients admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2020. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, from March 2020 to September 2020 were assessed. The required data were collected using patients’ records and telephone calls by a researcher-made checklist and analyzed by Independent Samples t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS v. 20. Results: This study assessed 238 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients aged over 75 years; they were 5.5 times more prone to expire, compared to the youngest age group (P<0.001). Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, and various cancers were more prevalent in patients who expired, compared to those who survived (P≤0.05). Of the patients who died, 73.8% were transferred to the Intensive U (ICU), while only 7.5% of surviving patients were transferred to the ICU (P<0.001). Longer hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with underlying diseases and hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study identified the role of chronic diseases and other important indicators in the survival of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital in Rafsanjan. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare staff consider these findings in the care of patients with COVID-19.

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Smoking and thyroid disorders--a meta-analysis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460153 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 153-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

P Vestergaard

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Post Partum ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Nodular Goitre ◽

Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Toxic Nodular Goitre

BACKGROUND: Smoking has been associated with Graves' disease, but it remains unclear if the association is present in other thyroid disorders. OUTCOME VARIABLES: Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, toxic nodular goitre, non-toxic goitre, post-partum thyroid disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE identified 25 studies on the association between smoking and thyroid diseases. RESULTS: In Graves' disease eight studies were available showing an odds ratio (OR) of 3.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09-5.22) in current smokers compared with never smokers. In ex-smokers there was no significant excess risk of Graves' disease (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 0.77-2.58). The OR associated with ever smoking in Graves' ophthalmopathy (4.40, 95% CI: 2.88-6.73, six studies) was significantly higher than in Graves' disease (1.90, 95% CI: 1.42-2.55, two-sided P-value <0.01). Ever smoking was not associated with toxic nodular goitre (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 0.69-2.33, three studies), while there was an increased risk of non-toxic goitre in smokers if men were excluded (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.65, eight studies). The risk associated with smoking was significantly lower in men than in women for both Graves' disease and non-toxic goitre. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and post-partum thyroid dysfunction were also associated with smoking while the association with hypothyroidism did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Cessation of smoking seems associated with a lower risk of Graves' disease than current smoking. Smoking increases the risk of Graves' ophthalmopathy beyond the risk associated with Graves' disease alone. Smoking cessation may lead to a decrease in morbidity from Graves' disease, especially in women.

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Abstract 117: Apolipoprotein E and use of Statins in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.a117 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Woo ◽

Ranjan Deka ◽

Jessica G Woo ◽

Sharyl Martini ◽

Matthew Flaherty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

P Value ◽

Secondary Prevention Trial ◽

Exact Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Apoe Genotypes ◽

Statin Use

Background: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes have been associated with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) were associated with risk of ICH in a secondary prevention trial. Yet, large meta-analyses of statin use have not consistently identified an increased risk of ICH with statin use. We evaluated whether ApoE genotypes were differentially associated with ICH risk according to statin use. Methods: The Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke study is a prospective ICH study which recruits cases and controls from the same population. Study physicians adjudicated cases and determined ICH location. Subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia (NC), hypercholesterolemia without statin (HC-NS), and hypercholesterolemia with statin use (HC-S) based on chart review. Genotyping for ApoE ( rs429358 and rs7412) was performed using standard methods. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test and Mantel-Haenszel tests for homogeneity. Results: From 1997-2008, the study recruited 597 cases of ICH and 1,548 controls. Of these, 26 cases/ 8 controls were excluded for unknown history of hypercholesterolemia, and 13 cases/ 96 controls were excluded for missing ApoE result. Of the 554 cases included, 204 were lobar in location. For non-lobar ICH cases, no significant differences were observed in ApoE genotype and statin use between NC, HC-NS and HC-S cases and controls. However, for lobar ICH, a marked increased risk of ICH was seen in HC-S patients with Apo E4/E4 (OR=4.5; 95% CI 1.3-16; p=0.02) and E2/E4 (OR=11.3; 95%CI 2.0-64; p=0.005), and there was a trend for Apo E2/E3 (OR=2.8; 95% CI 1.1-7.5, p=0.06) compared with Apo E3/E3. Apo E4/E4 did not demonstrate an increased odds of ICH without statin use (OR=1.6; 95% CI 0.27-9.4; p=0.63). The p-value for heterogeneity of odds ratios did not reach statistical significance between the HC-NS vs. HC-S group. Conclusion: Our data support a gene-by-drug effect for lobar ICH and, if confirmed, may indicate a utility for ApoE genotyping to identify patients who would bear the highest risk of ICH with statin use. However, further study is required to determine if an interaction exists or if the finding is associative.

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