scholarly journals Central Nervous System Profiling of Hericium erinaceus Biomass Powder by an Electropharmacogram Using Spectral Field Power in Conscious Freely Moving Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Dimpfel ◽  
Julia Wiebe ◽  
Nigel Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Chronic second-by-second measures of l-glutamate in the central nervous system of freely moving rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Rutherford ◽  
Francois Pomerleau ◽  
Peter Huettl ◽  
Ingrid Strömberg ◽  
Greg A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving

TRH-induced vagal stimulation of duodenal HCO-3 mediated by VIP and muscarinic pathways

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. G677-G682 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Lenz ◽  
W. W. Vale ◽  
J. E. Rivier
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Bicarbonate Secretion ◽  
Endogenous Opiates ◽  
Duodenal Bicarbonate Secretion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

The central nervous system effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion were studied in freely moving rats. Cerebroventricular administration of TRH (0.5-5.0 nmol) significantly stimulated basal duodenal bicarbonate secretion, whereas intravenous administration of TRH did not. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine and truncal vagotomy abolished TRH-induced bicarbonate secretion, whereas atropine significantly attenuated the response. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, (4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17) VIP given intravenously completely prevented the stimulatory effect of central TRH on duodenal bicarbonate secretion. In contrast, hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, opiate and noradrenergic blockade, or indomethacin did not affect the TRH-induced bicarbonate response. Intravenous administration of VIP and carbachol significantly stimulated bicarbonate outputs, and these responses were blocked by the VIP antagonist and atropine, respectively. These results indicate that TRH may serve as a central nervous system mediator that stimulates duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats by increasing vagal outflow. Vagal stimulation induced by TRH increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion by the release of VIP and, in part, by activation of a muscarinic pathway but not by pituitary, adrenal, and noradrenergic pathways or endogenous opiates and prostaglandins. The actions of peripheral VIP and carbachol appear to be mediated by specific VIP and muscarinic receptors, respectively.

Centrally administered ouabain aggravates central sleep apneas

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sato ◽  
M. Tadokoro ◽  
H. Kaba ◽  
H. Saito ◽  
K. Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lateral Cerebral Ventricle

The presence of endogenous digitalis-like factors in the central nervous system suggests their functional significance in the central nervous system. Three-day infusions of three-stepped doses of the digitalis agent ouabain (1–100 ng.kg body wt-1.h-1) into the lateral cerebral ventricle of freely moving rats caused a dose-dependent increase in the number of central-apneic episodes during rapid-eye-movement sleep without affecting the time spent in rapid-eye-movement sleep or basic respiratory rate. These results suggest that endogenous digitalis-like factors may be involved in the genesis of central sleep apneas.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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