scholarly journals Evaluation of Streptomyces saraciticas as Soil Amendments for Controlling Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-606
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Tung-Tsuan Tsay ◽  
Peichen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Soil-borne diseases are the major problems in mono cropping. A mixture (designated LTM-m) composed of agricultural wastes and a beneficial microorganism Streptomyces saraceticus SS31 was used as soil amendments to evaluate its efficacy for managing Rhizoctonia solani and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). In vitro antagonistic assays revealed that SS31 spore suspensions and culture broths effectively suppressed the growth of R. solani, reduced nematode egg hatching, and increased juvenile mortality. Assays using two Petri dishes revealed that LTM-m produced volatile compounds to inhibit the growth of R. solani and cause mortality to the root knot nematode eggs and juveniles. Pot and greenhouse tests showed that application of 0.08% LTM-m could achieve a great reduction of both diseases and significantly increase plant fresh weight. Greenhouse trials revealed that application of LTM-m could change soil properties, including soil pH value, electric conductivity, and soil organic matter. Our results indicate that application of LTM-m bio-organic amendments could effectively manage soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using combinations of abamectin, Purpureocillium lilacinum, rhizobacteria, and botanicals compared with nematicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. El-Ashry ◽  
Mohamed A. S. Ali ◽  
Ahmed E. A. Elsobki ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Aioub
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Streptomyces Avermitilis ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum

Abstract Background Acceptable alternative eco-friendly tools in the present study were tested to control the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on greenhouse-cultivated vegetables. The nematicidal effect of rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Serratia), egg parasitic fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), abamectin (Streptomyces avermitilis), and 3 botanicals (colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis; moringa, Moringa oleifera; marigold, Tagetes erecta L.) singly or in combination was tested against M. incognita, in comparison with emamectin benzoate. Results In vitro treatments revealed that egg hatching and juvenile mortality were influenced by the type of bioagents, plant species of botanicals, and exposure time. All the tested bioagents and botanicals displayed nematicidal potential via their ovicidal and larvicidal action on egg hatching and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Three and 5 days post-treatment, abamectin and emamectin benzoate were more effective than P. lilacinum, Serratia and Pseudomonas, and C. colocynthis in inhibiting egg hatching: 96.31 and 94.88%; 95.79 and 94.05%; 94.11 and 94.46%; 85.54 and 87.28%; 88.87 and 84.30%, respectively. On the other hand, after 10 days, P. lilacinum gave the highest inhibition percentage (99.00%), followed by abamectin (89.25%). However, the difference was insignificant compared with the inhibition percentage of rhizobacteria, Serratia and Pseudomonas (88.69%; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, juvenile mortality was 100.0, 96.80, and 91.60% after 10 days of treatment, respectively. However, botanicals showed a lower effect on egg hatching and juvenile mortality. Under greenhouse conditions, potential antagonism towards M. incognita by application the mixture of biocontrol agents and botanicals was more effective in controlling M. incognita than single treatments. Conclusions The combination of abamectin and/or emamectin benzoate with P. lilacinum and rhizobacteria was the most effective against M. incognita, followed by rhizobacteria and P. lilacinum, not only in decreasing galls and reproduction of M. incognita but also in increasing plant growth of tomato parameters than the control. The application of various bioagents including abamectin might be a potential antagonism strategy against phytonematodes in protected agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Swibawa I Gede ◽  
YUYUN FITRIANA ◽  
SOLIKHIN ◽  
RADIX SUHARJO ◽  
F.X. SUSILO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Test ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Fungal Parasites

Abstract. Swibawa IG, Fitriana Y, Solikhin, Suharjo R, Susilo FX, Rani E, Haryani MS, Wardana RA. 2020. Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1108-1115. This study aimed to obtain and discover the identity of the species of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes (RKN), which have a high pathogenic ability causing major losses in vegetable crops. The exploration of the fungi was carried out in 2016 and 2018 from Crystal guava plantations in East Lampung, Central Lampung, Tanggamus, and NirAma, a commercial product that has been used for controlling Meloidogyne sp. in Indonesia. Identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and molecular-based gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. A pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and in a greenhouse using tomato plants as indicator plants. In the in vitro test, observations were made on the percentage of infected RKN eggs. The observations in the greenhouse test were carried out on RKN populations in the soil and roots of tomato plants, root damage (root knots), and damage intensity due to RKN infection. The exploration resulted in five isolates of fungal egg parasites of RKN from the guava plantations in East Lampung (2), Central Lampung (1), Tanggamus (1), and from the isolation results of commercial products (1). The isolates were given codes as B4120X (PT GGP PG1), B3010 (PT GGP PG4), B412G (PT GGP PG 4), B01TG (Tanggamus), and BioP (Commercial products). Based on their morphological characteristics, the isolates were classified into the genus of Paecilomyces. The results of molecular identification showed that the discovered fungi were Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa Ard. (Syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson.). Based on the in vitro tests, the five fungal isolates were able to parasitize RKN eggs at 86.4-100%. In the greenhouse test, all isolates significantly suppressed nematode populations in the soil and tomato roots, inhibited the formation of root knots, and produced lower damage intensity compared to controls. Among all the isolates tested, B01TG had the best ability to infect nematode eggs (99.5%), suppressing the formation of root knots, nematode population in the soil and the roots of tomato plants, and the damage intensity compared to other isolates.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Maestrini ◽  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs

With the aim to find new effective natural compounds for the control of nematodes, the in vitro anthelminthic properties of purified 1% saponins showing different chemical compositions and derived from Medicago sativa (MS), Medicago arborea (MA), Medicago polymorpha cultivar ‘Santiago’ (MPS), M. polymorpha cultivar ‘Anglona’ (MPA), and 1% prosapogenins from M. sativa (MSp), were evaluated and compared. As a source of nematode eggs, pooled fresh fecal samples taken from dairy donkeys naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes were used. From fecal samples, eggs were recovered, suspended in deionized water, and used immediately in the bioassay (egg hatch test). The activity of the tested compounds was compared to positive (0.1% thiabendazole) and negative (deionized water and 1% DMSO) controls. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. All the tested plant compounds caused a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of nematode egg hatching (>80%). Moreover, all saponins and prosapogenins showed in vitro anthelmintic properties statistically comparable to that of the reference drug (p < 0.05), except for MPS extract. Obtained results showed that the different Medicago saponins evaluated in this study possess high anthelmintic properties against gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy donkeys, although to a different extent depending on their composition.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals Exploration of Potential Bacterial Endophytes against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshan k ◽  
◽  
Vetrivelkalai p ◽  
Bhagawati B ◽  
Nibha G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Pot Culture

A field survey was conducted in 12 districts of Assam viz., Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon, Marigaon, Goalpara, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sivsagar, Kamrup and Barpeta. A total of 92 root samples were collected and 37 bacterial isolates were isolated from commercial banana cultivars. The culture filtrates extracted from 37 endophytic bacterial isolates, were screened against southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and under pot culture studies. The five bacterial isolates viz., EB4, EB8, BC1, BC11 and BC12 showed 100% inhibition of egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. incognita with an exposure period of 48 and 72h. On seed bacterization, with these five promising isolates, two isolates viz.EB4, BC1 significantly enhanced germination percentage (33.33, 25.31%) and vigour index (75.5, 64.39%) of paddy, receptively. The potential bacterial isolates viz., BC1 and EB4 were identified as Lysinibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively , based on the morphological phenotypic and biochemical characterization. The pot culture experiment revealed that the bacterial endophytes viz., Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) Pseudomonas sp. (EB4) significantly reduced the soil (61.64, 56.71%) and root nematode population (77.29, 68.87%), number of adult females (73.97, 69.89%), egg masses (85.63, 80.11%) and root-knot index (1.33, 1.67) of M. incognita compared to untreated control. The bacterial endophytes viz., Pseudomonas sp. (EB4), Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) were also significantly increased the growth parameters viz., shoot length (43.33, 39.18%), and root length (78.24, 59.26%) and pesudostem girth (58.38, 52.13%).

scholarly journals Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Three Varieties of Tagetes minuta from Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Yamile Massuh ◽  
Angel Cruz-Estrada ◽  
Azucena González-Coloma ◽  
Marta S. Ojeda ◽  
Julio A. Zygadlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
New Varieties

Essential oils composition of three Tagetes minuta varieties and a wild population (WP) from Argentina and their in vitro and in vivo nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, are described. All T. minuta EOs tested were very active against nematode juveniles (J2), but the strongest nematicidal effects were exhibited by the TmV3 variety oil, characterized by a high content of ( E)-ocimenone. High nematode egg hatching suppression (> 90%) was induced by TmV3 EO after five days of incubation. In vivo tests on tomato seedlings showed a significant reduction of infection rate of M. javanica J2 treated with TmV3 and WP oils at sub lethal dose. Therefore, EOs from chemically stable new varieties of T. minuta could be environmentally friendly nematicidal agents.

scholarly journals Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium muscarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hussain ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lecanicillium Muscarium ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare and Gams is currently being developed as a biocontrol agent against insect pests, as well as some plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Data about its activity against plant-parasitic nematodes exist, but are relatively limited. To expand this understanding, we investigated the biocontrol efficiency of three isolates of L. muscarium (Lm) against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In our experiments, the maximum number of nematode eggs, juveniles (J2s), females, and egg masses that were parasitized were quantified after a 72-h exposure to the fungus. The isolate Lm1 was designated as the best biocontrol agent against nematode eggs as well as J2s. It showed the highest colonization of eggs and significantly decreased egg hatching events. The results from two additional isolates, Lm2 and Lm3, were also significant (P = 0.05) but less pronounced than those observed with Lm1. L. muscarium treatments had significant (P = 0.05) positive effects on plant shoot and root growth compared with the growth of control plants. These results suggest the effectiveness of the fungus may be due to either the infection of eggs and J2s, or the production of secondary metabolites that induced plant defense mechanisms and lead to systemic resistance. Our study demonstrates that L. muscarium could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against root knot nematodes.

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