scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Identification of Calonectria ilicicola Causing Soybean Red Crown Rot

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Woo Park ◽  
Hong-Sik Kim ◽  
Sun-Hee Woo ◽  
Heong-Kwon Shim ◽  
Heung-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Red Crown Rot Caused by Calonectria ilicicola in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
H. H. Liu ◽  
Y. M. Shen ◽  
H. X. Chang ◽  
M. N. Tseng ◽  
Y. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

Phylogenetic diversity of Calonectria ilicicola causing Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut and red crown rot of soybean in southern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Gai ◽  
Qiaowen Deng ◽  
Xinglong Chen ◽  
Mingfang Guan ◽  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Soybean Root Colonization by Calonectria ilicicola and Development of Red Crown Rot Following Delayed Planting

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. U. Kuruppu ◽  
R. W. Schneider ◽  
J. S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

Field studies were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to determine the effects of planting date, cultivar susceptibility, and soil pathogen population on soybean root colonization by Calonectria ilicicola and subsequent development of red crown rot. Early season colonization of roots was important for red crown rot symptom development. Symptom development in the more susceptible cultivar, Sharkey, was reduced following delayed planting and remained low in the less susceptible cultivar, Cajun, regardless of planting date. Taproot colonization was positively correlated with inoculum density during all three growing seasons but was strongest in 1994. Also, lateral root colonization correlated positively with inoculum density in 1994, the only year in which foliar symptoms were detected. A substantial decrease in inoculum density in 1995, along with reduced soybean root colonization, were attributed to high soil temperatures and probably low rainfall recorded during that summer. The effect of soybean plant age on root colonization was examined by exposing plants to the pathogen at different ages. Soybean plants were most susceptible to C. ilicicola during the first week after seedling emergence. By the second week, susceptibility was reduced by nearly half, and it remained near that level for the next several weeks.

Nodulation during vegetative growth of soybean stage does not affect the susceptibility to red crown rot caused by Calonectria ilicicola

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Tazawa ◽  
Motoki Takahashi ◽  
Kazuei Usuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

scholarly journals The Whole Genome Sequence Resource of Calonectria ilicicola, the Casual Pathogen of Soybean Red Crown Rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Hao Liu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Ping-Hu Wu ◽  
Mei-Yeh Jade Lu ◽  
Jeng-Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

Calonectria ilicicola (ana. Cylindrocladium parasiticum) is a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus with a broad host range, and it can cause red crown rot of soybean and Cylindrocladium black rot of peanut, which has become an emerging threat to crop production worldwide. Limited molecular studies have focused on Calonectria ilicicola and one of the possible difficulties is the lack of genomic resource. This study presents the first high quality and near-completed genome of C. ilicicola using the Oxford Nanopore GridION sequencing platform. A total of 16 contigs were assembled and the genome of C. ilicicola isolate F018 was estimated to have 11 chromosomes. Currently, the C. ilicicola F018 genome represents the most contiguous assembly, which has the lowest contig number and the highest contig N50 among all Calonectria genome resources. Putative protein-coding sequences and secretory proteins were estimated to be 17,308 and 1,930 in the C. ilicicola F018 genome, respectively; and the prediction was close to other plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium species within the Nectriaceae family. The availability of this high-quality genome resource is expected to facilitate research on fungal biology and genetics of C. ilicicola, and to support the understanding on pathogen virulence and disease management.

Factors affecting red crown rot caused by Calonectria ilicicola in soybean cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Hajime Akamatsu ◽  
Naoya Fujii ◽  
Takaaki Saito ◽  
Akira Sayama ◽  
Hideki Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot

scholarly journals First Report of Red Crown Rot Caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum on Soybean in Guangdong, Southern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guan ◽  
R. Pan ◽  
X. Gao ◽  
D. Xu ◽  
Q. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Western China ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Cylindrocladium Parasiticum ◽  
Red Crown Rot ◽  
Whole Plants

In October 2006, occurrence of a disease on soybean (Glycine max) was observed in Guangdong Province of southern China with symptoms resembling red crown rot (3,4). Reddish brown lesions girdled the basal stems with numerous reddish orange perithecia on the lesion surface. Roots became black and rotted and whole plants wilted and died. More recently, outbreaks of this disease were observed in several counties in Guangdong. Disease incidence reached as much as 80% on cv. Huaxia 3 in some fields, causing severe yield losses. Isolation was made from the edge of lesions on potato dextrose agar at 25°C. The fungus produced white, aerial mycelia and a burnt orange-to-dark brown submerged growth. Conidiophores were borne laterally on a stipe, terminating in a hyaline, globose vesicle measuring 4.0 to 13.0 μm in diameter. After branching from the stipe, the conidiophore continued to develop by forming two to three single-celled branches. These cells might give rise to two or three shorter branches (14.8 to 36.9 μm long) and phialides. The phialides were doliform, nonseptate, and measured 7.4 to 19.7 × 3.7 to 4.9 μm. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical with one to three septa (mostly three septa), and measured 54.1 to 76.3 × 4.9 to 7.4 μm. Perithecia were orange to red, subglobose to oval or globose, 212.1 to 454.5 μm high, and 111.1 to 333.3 μm wide. Asci were hyaline, clavate, thin walled, long stalked, measured 121.0 to 200.8 × 11.5 to 25.6 μm, and each contained eight ascospores that became aggregated in the upper half of the ascus at maturity. The ascospores were hyaline, fusoid to falcate with one to three septa (mostly with one septum), constricted slightly at the septum, and measured 29.5 to 73.8 × 4.9 to 9.8 μm. The fungus was identified as Cylindrocladium parasiticum (teleomorph Calonectria ilicicola) (1,2). The beta-tubulin gene fragment sequences of three isolates were obtained (one sequence being GenBank Accession No. GU073284) and comparisons with GenBank showed 99 to 100% similarity with Calonectria ilicicola (EF159730 and AY725643). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation of 2-week-old seedlings of cv. Huaxia 3 in plastic pots (10 × 9 cm) by drenching with a conidia suspension (105 conidia per ml). All inoculated plants showed similar red crown rot symptoms on stem bases and roots 1 week after inoculation. C. parasiticum was reisolated from the diseased plants, and many orange-to-red perithecia of Calonectria ilicicola were formed on the lesions 3 weeks after inoculation. This pathogen may pose a serious threat to >300,000 ha of soybean production as well as >300,000 ha of peanut production in Guangdong Province. It has been previously reported in Jiangsu Province in eastern China (3) and Yunnan Province in western China (4). References: (1) D. K. Bell, and E. K. Sobers. Phytopathology 56:1361, 1966. (2) P. W. Crous et al. Mycol. Res. 97:889, 1993. (3) J. Y. Gai et al. Soybean Sci. (in Chinese) 11:113, 1992. (4) Z. H. Ma et al. Plant Pathol. 53:537, 2004.

First Report of Red Crown Rot of Soybeans Caused by Calonectria ilicicola (Anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum) in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1777-1777
Author(s):  
N. Kleczewski ◽  
D. Plewa ◽  
C. Kangas ◽  
E. Phillippi ◽  
V. Kleczewski
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Cylindrocladium Parasiticum ◽  
Red Crown Rot

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Temperature on Microsclerotia of Calonectria ilicicola and Soybean Root Colonization by this Fungus

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. U. Kuruppu ◽  
R. W. Schneider ◽  
J. S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Calonectria Ilicicola ◽  
Red Crown Rot ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Soybean Plants

Field soil artificially infested with laboratory-produced microsclerotia of Calonectria ilicicola was incubated for 1, 2, 3, or 6 weeks at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. These temperatures approximate soil temperatures that were measured in soybean fields during the growing season in south Louisiana. Germinable microsclerotia were enumerated after incubation at different temperatures, and soybean seeds were planted in these soils. After 8 weeks, percent root colonization was determined as a measure of infectivity of microsclerotia. Results showed that soil temperature is a critical factor in survival of microsclerotia. The optimal soil temperature range for survival of microsclerotia was 20 to 30°C, and the maximum soil temperature limit was 35°C, above which microsclerotia did not survive. Effects of temperature on soybean root colonization were examined in growth chambers by growing soybean plants in soil infested with laboratory-grown microsclerotia for 4 weeks after seed germination. Maximum infection of young soybean roots by C. ilicicola occurred between 25 and 30°C but decreased with increasing temperatures and was negligible at 40°C. According to these results, soil temperature is a critical environmental factor controlling the development of red crown rot in soybeans in Louisiana. These findings suggest that, if red crown rot is a threat, soybean planting time should be based on soil temperature rather than calendar dates.

scholarly journals First report of Coniella castaneicola causing leaf blight on blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Lai ◽  
Guihong Xiong ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Weigang Kuang ◽  
Shuilin Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Blight Disease

Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum), an economically important small fruit crop, is characterized by its highly nutritive compounds and high content and wide diversity of bioactive compounds (Miller et al. 2019). In September 2020, an unknown leaf blight disease was observed on Rabbiteye blueberry at the Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Jiangxi Agricultural University in Nanchang, China (28°45'51"N, 115°50'52"E). Disease surveys were conducted at that time, the results showed that disease incidence was 90% from a sampled population of 100 plants in the field, and this disease had not been found at other cultivation fields in Nanchang. Leaf blight disease on blueberry caused the leaves to shrivel and curl, or even fall off, which hindered floral bud development and subsequent yield potential. Symptoms of the disease initially appeared as irregular brown spots (1 to 7 mm in diameter) on the leaves, subsequently coalescing to form large irregular taupe lesions (4 to 15 mm in diameter) which became curly. As the disease progressed, irregular grey-brown and blighted lesion ran throughout the leaf lamina from leaf tip to entire leaf sheath and finally caused dieback and even shoot blight. To identify the causal agent, 15 small pieces (5 mm2) of symptomatic leaves were excised from the junction of diseased and healthy tissue, surface-sterilized in 75% ethanol solution for 30 sec and 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 2 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, and then incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C for 5-7 days in darkness. Five fungal isolates showing similar morphological characteristics were obtained as pure cultures by single-spore isolation. All fungal colonies on PDA were white with sparse creeping hyphae. Pycnidia were spherical, light brown, and produced numerous conidia. Conidia were 10.60 to 20.12 × 1.98 to 3.11 µm (average 15.27 × 2.52 µm, n = 100), fusiform, sickle-shaped, light brown, without septa. Based on morphological characteristics, the fungal isolates were suspected to be Coniella castaneicola (Cui 2015). To further confirm the identity of this putative pathogen, two representative isolates LGZ2 and LGZ3 were selected for molecular identification. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1/ITS4 (Peever et al. 2004) and LROR/LR7 (Castlebury and Rossman 2002). The sequences of ITS region (GenBank accession nos. MW672530 and MW856809) showed 100% identity with accessions numbers KF564280 (576/576 bp), MW208111 (544/544 bp), MW208112 (544/544 bp) of C. castaneicola. LSU gene sequences (GenBank accession nos. MW856810 to 11) was 99.85% (1324/1326 bp, 1329/1331 bp) identical to the sequences of C. castaneicola (KY473971, KR232683 to 84). Pathogenicity was tested on three blueberry varieties (‘Rabbiteye’, ‘Double Peak’ and ‘Pink Lemonade’), and four healthy young leaves of a potted blueberry of each variety with and without injury were inoculated with 20 μl suspension of prepared spores (106 conidia/mL) derived from 7-day-old cultures of LGZ2, respectively. In addition, four leaves of each variety with and without injury were sprayed with sterile distilled water as a control, respectively. The experiment was repeated three times, and all plants were incubated in a growth chamber (a 12h light and 12h dark period, 25°C, RH greater than 80%). After 4 days, all the inoculated leaves started showing disease symptoms (large irregular grey-brown lesions) as those observed in the field and there was no difference in severity recorded between the blueberry varieties, whereas the control leaves showed no symptoms. The fungus was reisolated from the inoculated leaves and confirmed as C. castaneicola by morphological and molecular identification, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. castaneicola causing leaf blight on blueberries in China. The discovery of this new disease and the identification of the pathogen will provide useful information for developing effective control strategies, reducing economic losses in blueberry production, and promoting the development of the blueberry industry.

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