scholarly journals Occurrence and Biovar Classification of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Sook Lim ◽  
Mun-Jung Lee ◽  
Jong-Do Cheung ◽  
Young-Hyun Rew ◽  
Byung-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Melongena

scholarly journals Screening Cultivated Eggplant and Wild Relatives for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namisy ◽  
Chen ◽  
Prohens ◽  
Metwally ◽  
Elmahrouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Phylotype I

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is highly diverse and the identification of new sources of resistance for the incorporation of multiple and complementary resistance genes in the same cultivar is the best strategy for durable and stable resistance. The objective of this study was to screen seven accessions of cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and 40 accessions from 12 wild relatives for resistance to two virulent R. solanacearum strains (Pss97 and Pss2016; phylotype I, race 1, biovar 3). The resistant or moderately resistant accessions were further evaluated with Pss97 in a second trial under high temperatures (and also with Pss2016 for S. anguivi accession VI050346). The resistant control EG203 was resistant to Pss97, but only moderately resistant to Pss2016. One accession of S. sisymbriifolium (SIS1) and two accessions of S. torvum (TOR2 and TOR3) were resistant or moderately resistant to Pss97 in both trials. Solanum anguivi VI050346, S. incanum accession MM577, and S. sisymbriifolium (SIS1 and SIS2) were resistant to Pss2016 in the first trial. However, S. anguivi VI050346 was susceptible in the second trial. These results are important for breeding resistant rootstocks and cultivars that can be used to manage this endemic disease.

scholarly journals Biovar Differentiation and Variation in Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolates Infecting Solanaceous Vegetables

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Devi Timila ◽  
Shrinkhala Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of solanaceous vegetables specially tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Experiments were conducted to determine biovar types existing among the strains or isolates of Nepal and variation in virulence in some vegetables belonging to solanaceae family. A total of 39 isolates infecting tomato, eggplant, chilli and potato collected from different parts of Nepal were analyzed for biovar types on the basis of 3 disaccharides and 3 hexose alcohols oxidation test.  Experiments were conducted to determine variation in virulence or aggressiveness of some of the  isolates under  screen house conditions using three host differentials such as Pusa Ruby (susceptible), Bishesh (moderately resistant) and Srijana (resistant) tomato cultivars. Of the 39 isolates, 23 were biovar III, three biovar II, three biovar IV, and one was biovar I. Nine isolates could not be differentiated into any of the five biovars. For breeding and epidemiological purposes it is very important to analyze the variability of aggressiveness. A total of 5 isolates collected from different places were included in the test. Isolates from Bhaktapur was found the most virulent causing wilt in the variety Bishesh (moderately resistant). Other isolates had the negative impact with zero wilt on the differentials used. Isolates from Jungekhola of Dhading district did not induce wilt even on susceptible variety (Pusa Ruby), but exhibited only senescence reaction. The result indicated that there is some slight variation among the isolates tested. Some effective management tactics might be needed in those locations where highly aggressive or virulent strain of bacterial wilt is prevalent, because resistant variety may not be stable in such locations.

scholarly journals Bacterial Wilt of Solanaceae Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Race 1 Biovar 3 in Mali

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Thera ◽  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
O. T. Neher
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Race 1

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. causes bacterial wilt worldwide on a wide range of plant species. In Mali, the disease is commonly found on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Determination of race and biovar is critical for development of potato seed certification programs for management of the disease. Isolates (25) of R. solanacearum were obtained from wilting potato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco, and tomato plants collected from fields near Baguineda, Sonityeni, Sotuba, Sikasso, and Kolikoro. Isolations were made from bacterial streaming by dilution plating on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium (TZC) (2). Characteristic colonies were selected and identified by ELISA or Immunostrips (Pathoscreen Rs, Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). These isolates were used in host range studies and hypersensitivity (HR) tests on tobacco (cv. xanthi) (3) and tested for their ability to produce acids on Ayers basal media amended with disaccharide and hexose alcohol carbon sources (1). These isolates caused characteristic wilt 40 days postinoculation on greenhouse-grown tobacco (cv. Xanthi), peanut (cv. 4610), and tomato (cv. Roma VF) plants when stems of five plants of each host were syringe inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1 × 109 CFU/ml of bacteria. Plants inoculated with sterile distilled water remained symptomless and R. solanacearum was reisolated from infected plants on TZC and identified with Immunostrips. All HR tests were negative. Infection of peanut, tobacco, and tomato and the results of the HR tests indicated that all isolates were Race 1 and no significant variation was noted between isolates. Acid was produced from the hexose alcohols: mannitol, sorbitol, and dulcitol; and the disaccharides: cellobiose, lactose, and maltose. This indicated that all isolates were biovar 3, the same as a known Race 1 strain from tobacco (MSU Plant Pathology teaching collection) (1). To assess relative distribution of R. solanacearum, 20 soil samples collected from potato fields in the vicinity of Baguineda, Kati, Koulikoro, and Sikasso were placed in pots (30 × 25 cm) under shade cloth at the IER Station in Sotuba and planted with 30-day-old tobacco plants. After 90 days, infected plants (35 to 100% infection) were found in all soils. Infected plants exhibited classical wilt symptoms and tested positive for R. solanacearum infections as confirmed by Immunostrip tests. Six of nine surface water samples taken near potato fields in Baguineda, Sikasso, Mopti, and Koulikoro tested positive for the presence of R. solanacearum by an Agdia Inc. enrichment kit and ELISA. A weed, Commelina forskalaei (Vahl), collected by Farako creek near Sikasso tested positive in the Immunostrip test even though no symptoms were obvious. No attempt was made to characterize the race, biovar, or phylotype of the soil, water, and weed isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the race and biovar of R. solanacearum from Mali has been reported and the wide distribution of this pathogen in Malian soils and surface water has been demonstrated. It is significant that we did not detect Race 3 biovar 2, which is subject to quarantine and biosecurity regulations. References: (1) A. C. Hayward. J. Bacteriol. 27:265, 1964. (2) A. Kelman. Phytopathology 44:693, 1954. (3) J. Lozano and L. Sequeira. Phytopathology 60:833, 1970.

Molecular markers linked to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) resistance gene loci in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 104822
Author(s):  
P. Pandiyaraj ◽  
T.H. Singh ◽  
K. Madhavi Reddy ◽  
A.T. Sadashiva ◽  
C. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Melongena

scholarly journals Identification of Ralstonia solanacearum resistant rootstocks for tomato grafting

2020 ◽  
Vol 43.3 ◽  
pp. 7452-7457
Author(s):  
Kanyua Stella ◽  
Mwangi Maina ◽  
Mbaka Jesca
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, causes severe losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). Current management measures are not fully effective. Grafting with resistant rootstocks may be an effective strategy for managing the disease. However, R. solanacearum populations maintain considerable diversity, and little information is known regarding the efficacy of available rootstocks for use in grafting to reduce bacterial wilt incidence and subsequent crop loss. Tomato belongs to family Solanaceae which includes other well-known species, such as eggplant (aubergine), peppers, tobacco and potato. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial wilt resistant germplasm that can be used as rootstocks in tomato grafting. The potential candidates for the study included species that belong to solanaceae family. Rootstocks included tomato cultivar Mt56, Eggplant (Solanum melongena), Capsicum and Sodom apple (Solanum incarnum). Tomato cultivars Anna F1 and Cal J were used as sources of scions. Diseased plants were collected from farmers’ fields and bacterial inoculum isolated using CPG Medium with TZC used to identify distinct colonies of R.solanacearum. The inoculum was applied on the test plants by injecting into the soil planted with tomatoes. Disease severity data was recorded using 0 to 5 scoring scale. Data was subjected to ANOVA using Genstat version 15 and significantly different treatment means separated using LSD at P < 0.05. Solanum melongena, Solanum incarnum and tomato cultivar (Mt56) did not develop infection while tomato cultivar Anna F1 and Cal J (used as positive controls) and Capsicum developed infection. It was concluded that resistant germplasm to bacterial wilt exists and can be utilized to graft susceptible tomato cultivars and contribute to management of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Solanum species and eggplant cultivated varieties for bacterial wilt resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
T H Singh ◽  
DC Lakshmana Reddy ◽  
C Anand Reddy ◽  
A T Sadashiva ◽  
P Pandyaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases in Solanum species including cultivated Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Bacterial wilt (BW) disease management in eggplant is difficult due to high survival rate of pathogen in soil and chemical application is not eco-friendly. The best way to avoid bacterial wilt in eggplant is using disease-resistant varieties. However, only a limited number of bacterial wilt resistant varieties are available and, there is a necessity to identify and/or develop new resistant varieties. In the current study, wild Solanum species, and eggplant cultivated varieties were evaluated against Ralstonia solanacearum, and disease incidence was recorded. The cultivated varieties IIHR-108, Pusa Purple Long and Rampur Local were identified as susceptible, whereas, IIHR-7 and CARI-1 were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt. These resistant wild and cultivated varieties can be used as a root-stock in bacterialwilt disease resistant breeding programmes.

In silico mining of WRKY TFs through Solanum melongena L. and Solanum incanum L. transcriptomes and identification of SiWRKY53 as a source of resistance to bacterial wilt

Plant Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100278
Author(s):  
Pallavi Mishra ◽  
A.N. Tripathi ◽  
Sarvesh P. Kashyap ◽  
Mohd Aamir ◽  
Kavindra N. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
In Silico Mining

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Huayu Huang ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

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