scholarly journals Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genetic diversity in Spain: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e05R01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Diéguez ◽  
Manuel Cerviño ◽  
Eduardo Yus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, causes significant losses in cattle farming worldwide because of reduced milk production, increased mortality of young animals and reproductive, respiratory and intestinal problems. The virus is characterized by an important genetic, and consequently antigenic and pathogenic diversity. Knowing the variability of viral strains present in a population provides valuable information, particularly relevant for control programs development, vaccination recommendations and even identification of likely infection sources. Such information is therefore important at both local and regional levels. This review focuses on the genetic diversity of BVDV isolates infecting cattle in Spain over the last years. According to the published data, the most prevalent BVDV group in Spain was 1b, and to a lesser extent 1d, 1e and 1f. Besides, BVDV-2 has also been found in Spain with several ratified isolates. The studies carried out in Spain also showed increased genetic heterogeneity of BVDV strains, possibly due to a more intensive use of analytical tools available, presenting studies with increasingly greater sample sizes.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Goats in Southwestern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Silu Wang ◽  
Runxia Liu ◽  
Guiying Hao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, as well as some wild animals. BVDV causes considerable economic losses every year and many countries have developed programs aimed at the eradication of this disease. The genetic diversity of BVDV in diseased goats has never been described in southwestern China. Thus, in this study, we applied antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR to survey the infection rate of BVDV in diseased goats in this region. Our results demonstrated that the average BVDV infection rate in goats was 17.51%, with all positive samples indicating infection by BVDV-1 and not BVDV-2, BVDV-3, or Border disease virus. The molecular characteristics of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of BVDV-1 were recognized as belonging predominantly to the BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1m, and 1p subtypes. BVDV-1b and 1m were the most abundant subtypes identified in this region, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. This is the first study that describes the genetic characterization of BVDV in sick goats from southwestern China and is important for future studies and control programs.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 108565
Author(s):  
Mingliang Deng ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Christian Guidarini ◽  
Zhihua Xu ◽  
Junjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Virulent Properties of Russian Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains in Experimentally Infected Calves

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Glotov ◽  
Tatyana I. Glotova ◽  
Svetlana V. Koteneva ◽  
Olga V. Semenova ◽  
Alexander A. Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The results of experimental study of three noncytopathic and two cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains isolated from cattle in the Siberian region and belonging to the type 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b, and 1d) have been presented. All investigated strains caused the development of infectious process in the seronegative 4–6-month-old calves after aerosol challenge with the dose of 6 log10TCID50. The greatest virulence had noncytopathic strain and cytopathic strain related to the subtypes 1d and 1b, respectively. All strains in infected calves caused some signs of moderate acute respiratory disease and diarrhea: depression 3–5 days postinfection (p.i.), refusal to food, severe hyperthermia to 41.9°С, serous exudate discharges from the nasal cavity and eyes, transient diarrhea with blood, leukopenia (up to 2700 cells/mm3), and macroscopic changes in the respiratory organs and intestine. The infected animals recovered from 12 to 15 days p.i. and in 90% cases formed humoral immune response 25 days p.i. (antibody titers to BVDV: 1 : 4–1 : 16). Our results confirmed the presence of virulent BVDV1 strains and showed the need for researches on the molecular epidemiology of the disease, development of more effective diagnostic systems, and optimization of control programs with use of vaccines.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bovine Pestiviruses Circulating in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Luzzago ◽  
Nicola Decaro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Pestiviruses are widespread and economically important pathogens of cattle and other animals. Pestivirus A (formerly known as Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H (HoBi-like pestivirus, HoBiPeV) species are infecting primarily cattle. Like other RNA viruses, pestiviruses are characterized by a high degree of genetic variability. This high rate of variability is revealed by the existence of a number of viral subgenotypes within each species. In cattle, the highest number of pestivirus subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, particularly in Italy. The aim of this review is to report an up-to-date overview about the genetic diversity of pestiviruses in Italian cattle herds. All three bovine pestiviruses species have been identified in cattle population with variable frequency and geographical distribution. The genetic diversity of Italian pestiviral strains may have diagnostic and immunological implications, affecting the performance of diagnostic tools and the full cross-protection elicited by commercially available vaccines. Implementation and strengthening of coordinated approaches for bovine pestivirus control in Italy are recommended. Therefore, it would be extremely important to increase control and restriction measures to the trade of cattle and biological products of bovine origin, including those containing fetal bovine serum.

scholarly journals Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle From Mexico: Current Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninnet Gomez-Romero ◽  
Julia F. Ridpath ◽  
Francisco Javier Basurto-Alcantara ◽  
Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease, globally-distributed, caused by bovine Pestiviruses, endemic of cattle and other ruminant populations. BVD leads to significant economic losses to the cattle industry due to the wide range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and reproductive disorders. Within the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae three viral species are associated with BVD; Pestivirus A (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H (HoBi-like pestivirus, atypical ruminant pestivirus). These species are subdivided into subgenotypes based on phylogenetic analysis. The extensive genetic diversity of BVDV has been reported for several countries, where the incidence and genetic variation are more developed in Europe than in the Americas. The first report of BVDV in Mexico was in 1975; this study revealed seropositivity of 75% in cows with a clinical history of infertility, abortions, and respiratory disease. Other studies have demonstrated the presence of antibodies against BVDV with a seroprevalence ranging from 7.4 to 100%. Recently, endemic BVDV strains affecting cattle populations started to be analyzed, providing evidence of the BVDV diversity in several states of the country, revealing that at least four subgenotypes (BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, and 2a) are circulating in animal populations in Mexico. Little information regarding BVD epidemiological current status in Mexico is available. This review summarizes available information regarding the prevalence and genetic diversity viruses associated with BVD in cattle from Mexico.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle from Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninnet Gómez-Romero ◽  
Francisco J. Basurto-Alcántara ◽  
Antonio Verdugo-Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando V. Bauermann ◽  
Julia F. Ridpath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects cattle populations worldwide, causing significant economic losses though its impact on animal health. Previous studies have reported the prevalence of BVDV species and subgenotypes in cattle from the United States and Canada. We investigated the genetic diversity of BVDV strains detected in bovine serum samples from 6 different Mexican regions. Sixty-two BVDV isolates from Mexico were genetically typed based on comparison of sequences from the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of the viral genome. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that 60 of the samples belonged to the BVDV-1 genotype and 2 to the BVDV-2 genotype. Comparison of partial 5′-UTR sequences clustered 49 samples within BVDV-1c, 8 samples within BVDV-1a, 3 samples within BVDV-1b, and 2 samples clustered with the BVDV-2a subgenotypes. Our study, combined with information previously published on BVDV field strain diversity in the United States and Canada, benefits the development of effective detection assays, vaccines, and control programs for North America.

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