scholarly journals Radiation fog over north India during winter from 1989-2004

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
JAGADISH SINGH ◽  
SURYA KANT
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
North India ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Radiation Fog ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Surface Observations

Lkkj & bl 'kks/k-i= esa rsjg gokbZ vM~Mksa ds orZeku ekSle laca/kh vk¡dMksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, mÙkjh Hkkjr esa fofdj.k ;qDr dksgjs dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA gky gh ds o"kksZa esa Hkkjr ds mÙkjh Hkkxksa esa dksgjs dh mRifÙk esa cgqr vf/kd o`f) ik;h xbZ gSA pw¡fd bafnjk xk¡/kh vUrjjk"Vªh; ¼vkbZ- th- vkbZ-½ gokbZ vM~Ms dh o"kZ 1997&1998] 1998&1999] 1999&2000] 2000&2001] 2001&2002] 2002&2003 vkSj 2003&2004 ds nkSjku dqy 900 mM+kuksa ds ekxZ cnys x,A blfy, bl gokbZ vM~Ms ds oSekfudh izpkyuksa ij iM+s dksgjs ds izfrdwy izHkko dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bafnjk xk¡/kh gokbZ vM~Ms ij dSV&I, dSV&II vkSj dSV&III izpkyuksa ds fy, foekuksa dks mrkjus esa lgk;d vR;f/kd l{ke midj.k iz.kkyh vkbZ- ,y- ,l- miyC/k djkbZ xbZ gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa xr iUnzg o"kksZa ds LdksiksxzkQksa ifjdfyr de n`’;rk okys izpkyuksa  ds fy, vko’;d juos dh n`’; jsatksa vkj- oh- vkj- dh mi;ksfxrk ij fopkj&foe’kZ fd;k x;k gSA mixzg }kjk dksgjs ij fd, x, izs{k.kksa dk /kjkryh; izs{k.kksa ds lkFk lgh rkyesy ik;k x;k gSA mixzg ls izkIr gq, fp= bl ckr dk izek.k gSa fd o"kZ 1998&1999 ds nkSjku mŸkjh Hkkjr esa vR;f/kd l?ku dksgjk vjc lkxj esa cus izpaM pØokr ls vR;f/kd ek=k esa vknzZrk ds izokg ds dkj.k cuk FkkA bl 'kks/k-i= esa bafnjk xk¡/kh gokbZ vM~Mk] y[kuÅ gokbZ vM~Mk] okjk.klh gokbZ vM~Mk vkSj ve`rlj gokbZ vM~Mk  ij dksgjs ds nkSjku vf/kdre rkieku vkSj lkisf{kd vknzZrk dh folaxfr;ksa ds e/; laca/k dk irk yxkus dk Hkh iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA  Radiation fog over north India has been studied using current weather data of thirteen airports. There has been a tremendous increase in the fog formation over northern parts of India in recent years. An attempt has been made to study the adverse impact of fog on aeronautical operations at Indira Gandhi International (I.G.I.) airport as total number of flights diverted during 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 were about 900. I.G.I. airport is provided with a very efficient Instrument  Landing System (ILS) for Cat-I, Cat-II and Cat-III operations. The utility of Runway Visual Ranges (RVRs) required for low visibility operations, calculated from skopographs, for the last fifteen years, has been discussed. Satellite observations on fog have been found to be in          fair agreement with the surface observations. Most catastrophic fog formations, which occurred over north India during 1998-99, were found to be due to the enormous amount moisture flow from a severe cyclone formed in the Arabian Sea as evidenced in satellite imagery. An attempt has also been made to establish a relation of maximum temperature and Relative Humidity anomaly with the duration of fog at I.G.I. airport, Lucknow airport, Varanasi airport and Amritsar airport.

scholarly journals Radiation fog viewed by INSAT – 1 D and Kalpana Geo - Stationary satellite

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
JAGADISH SINGH ◽  
R. K. GIRI ◽  
SURYA KANT
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
North India ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Radiation Fog ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Very High

The intense, long-spell and synoptic scale fog over north India has been studied using Very High Resolution Radiometer (V.H.R.R.) visible imageries of INSAT-1D and Kalpana Geo-Stationary satellites. The intensity, coverage and characteristics of fog seen in satellite imageries are found to be in conformity with the ground –based surface meteorological observations. The unusually long spell fog formations have been explained using maximum temperature and relative humidity anomalies of I.G.I Airport, New Delhi, Amousi Airport, Lucknow, Babatpur Airport, Varanasi and Rajasansi Airport, Amritsar. Atmospheric stability of very high order was seen in the lower part of the atmosphere at Delhi creating favourable condition for the formation of intense and long-spell fog. The relation between Wetness Index derived based on Basist study (1998) using 19, 37 and 85 GHz frequency channels of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) onboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Programme (DMSP) satellite and fog duration were studied.  

scholarly journals A Typical Meteorological Year Generation Based on NASA Satellite Imagery (GEOS-I) for Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka S. Ohunakin ◽  
Muyiwa S. Adaramola ◽  
Olanrewaju M. Oyewola ◽  
Richard L. Fagbenle ◽  
Fidelis I. Abam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Building Energy Simulation ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Northwest Region

Computer simulation of buildings and solar energy systems are being used increasingly in energy assessments and design. This paper evaluates the typical meteorological year (TMY) for Sokoto, northwest region, Nigeria, using 23-year hourly weather data including global solar radiation, dew point temperature, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Filkenstein-Schafer statistical method was utilized for the creation of a TMY for the site. The persistence of mean dry bulb temperature and daily global horizontal radiation on the five candidate months were evaluated. TMY predictions were compared with the 23-year long-term average values and are found to have close agreement and can be used in building energy simulation for comparative energy efficiency study.

scholarly journals The Fingerprint of Climate Change and Urbanization in South Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Ho Nam ◽  
Guillermo Baigorria ◽  
Eun-Mi Hong ◽  
Taegon Kim ◽  
Yong-Sang Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Understanding long-term changes in precipitation and temperature patterns is important in the detection and characterization of climate change, as is understanding the implications of climate change when performing impact assessments. This study uses a statistically robust methodology to quantify long-, medium- and short-term changes for evaluating the degree to which climate change and urbanization have caused temporal changes in precipitation and temperature in South Korea. We sought to identify a fingerprint of changes in precipitation and temperature based on statistically significant differences at multiple-timescales. This study evaluates historical weather data during a 40-year period (1973–2012) and from 54 weather stations. Our results demonstrate that between 1993–2012, minimum and maximum temperature trends in the vicinity of urban and agricultural areas are significantly different from the two previous decades (1973–1992). The results for precipitation amounts show significant differences in urban areas. These results indicate that the climate in urbanized areas has been affected by both the heat island effect and global warming-caused climate change. The increase in the number of rainfall events in agricultural areas is highly significant, although the temporal trends for precipitation amounts showed no significant differences. Overall, the impacts of climate change and urbanization in South Korea have not been continuous over time and have been expressed locally and regionally in terms of precipitation and temperature changes.

scholarly journals Quantifying sea surface temperature ranges of the Arabian Sea for the past 20 000 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Ganssen ◽  
F. J. C. Peeters ◽  
B. Metcalfe ◽  
P. Anand ◽  
S. J. A. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature Ranges

Abstract. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera tests is one of the widest used geochemical tools to reconstruct past changes of physical parameters of the upper ocean. It is common practice to analyze multiple individuals from a mono-specific population and assume that the outcome reflects a mean value of the environmental conditions during calcification of the analyzed individuals. Here we present the oxygen isotope composition of individual specimens of the surface-dwelling species Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerina bulloides from sediment cores in the Western Arabian Sea off Somalia, inferred as indicators of past seasonal ranges in temperature. Combining the δ18O measurements of individual specimens to obtain temperature ranges with Mg/Ca based mean calcification temperatures allows us to reconstruct temperature extrema. Our results indicate that over the past 20 kyr the seasonal temperature range has fluctuated from its present value of 16 °C to mean values of 13 °C and 11 °C for the Holocene and LGM, respectively. The data for the LGM suggest that the maximum temperature was lower, whilst minimum temperature remained approximately constant. The rather minor variability in lowest summer temperatures during the LGM suggests roughly constant summer monsoon intensity, while upwelling-induced productivity was lowered.

scholarly journals Crop residue burning practices across north India inferred from household survey data: Bridging gaps in satellite observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 100091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjia Liu ◽  
Loretta J. Mickley ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh ◽  
Meha Jain ◽  
Ruth S. DeFries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
North India ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Household Survey Data

scholarly journals The study of potential evapotranspiration in future periods due to climate change in west of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rajabi ◽  
Zahra Babakhani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Global Circulation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Climate Change Effect

Purpose This study aims to present the climate change effect on potential evapotranspiration (ETP) in future periods. Design/methodology/approach Daily minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation and precipitation weather parameters have been downscaled by global circulation model (GCM) and Lars-WG outputs. Weather data have been estimated according to the Had-CM3 GCM and by A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios in three periods: 2011-2030, 2045-2046 and 2080-2099. To select the more suitable method for ETP estimation, the Hargreaves-Samani (H-S) method and the Priestly–Taylor (P-T) method have been compared with the Penman-Monteith (P-M) method. Regarding the fact that the H-S method has been in better accordance with the P-M method, ETP in future periods has been estimated by this method for different scenarios. Findings In all five stations, in all three scenarios and in all three periods, ETP will increase. The highest ETP increase will occur in the A1B scenario and then in the A1 scenario. The lowest increase will occur in the B1 scenario. In the 2020 decade, the highest ETP increase in three scenarios will occur in Khorramabad and then Hamedan. Kermanshah, Sanandaj and Ilam stations come at third to fifth place, respectively, with a close increase in amount. In the 2050 decade, ETP increase percentages in all scenarios are close to each other in all the five stations. In the 2080 decade, ETP increase percentages in all scenarios will be close to each other in four stations, namely, Kermanshah, Sanandaj, Khorramabad and Hamedan, and Ilam station will have a higher increase compared with the other four stations. Originality/value Meanwhile, the highest ETP increase will occur in hot months of the year, which are significant with regard to irrigation and water resources.

Effects of inter-annual climate variability on grape harvest timing in rainfed hilly vineyards of Piedmont (NW Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Rabino ◽  
Marcella Biddoccu ◽  
Giorgia Bagagiolo ◽  
Guido Nigrelli ◽  
Luca Mercalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Level Of Significance

<p>Historical weather data represent an extremely precious resource for agro-meteorology for studying evolutionary dynamics and for predictive purposes, to address agronomical and management choices, that have economic, social and environmental effect. The study of climatic variability and its consequences starts from the observation of variations over time and the identification of the causes, on the basis of historical series of meteorological observations. The availability of long-lasting, complete and accurate datasets is a fundamental requirement to predict and react to climate variability. Inter-annual climate changes deeply affect grapevine productive cycle determining direct impact on the onset and duration of phenological stages and, ultimately, on the grape harvest and yield. Indeed, climate variables, such as air temperature and precipitation, affect evapotranspiration rates, plant water requirements, and also the vine physiology. In this respect, the observed increase in the number of warm days poses a threat to grape quality as it creates a situation of imbalance at maturity, with respect to sugar content, acidity and phenolic and aromatic ripeness.</p><p>A study was conducted to investigate the relationships between climate variables and harvest onset dates to assess the responses of grapevine under a global warming scenario. The study was carried out in the “Monferrato” area, a rainfed hillslope vine-growing area of NW Italy. In particular, the onset dates of harvest of different local wine grape varieties grown in the Vezzolano Experimental Farm (CNR-IMAMOTER) and in surrounding vineyards (affiliated to the Terre dei Santi Cellars) were recorded from 1962 to 2019 and then related to historical series of climate data by means of regression analysis. The linear regression was performed based on the averages of maximum and minimum daily temperatures and sum of precipitation (1962–2019) calculated for growing and ripening season, together with a bioclimatic heat index for vineyards, the Huglin index. The climate data were obtained from two data series collected in the Experimental farm by a mechanical weather station (1962-2002) and a second series recorded (2002-2019) by an electro-mechanical station included in Piedmont Regional Agro-meteorological Network. Finally, a third long-term continuous series covering the period from 1962 to 2019, provided by Italian Meteorological Society was considered in the analysis.</p><p>The results of the study highlighted that inter-annual climate variability, with a general positive trend of temperature, significantly affects the ripening of grapes with a progressive anticipation of the harvest onset dates. In particular, all the considered variables excepted precipitation, resulted negatively correlated with the harvest onset date reaching a high level of significance (up to P< 0.001). Best results have been obtained for maximum temperature and Huglin index, especially by using the most complete dataset. The change ratios obtained using datasets including last 15 years were greater (in absolute terms) than results limited to the period 1962-2002, and also correlations have greater level of significance. The results indicated clearly the relationships between the temperature trend and the gradual anticipation of harvest and the importance of having long and continuous historical weather data series available.</p>

Weather Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network and Bayesian Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klent Gomez Abistado ◽  
◽  
Catherine N. Arellano ◽  
Elmer A. Maravillas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper presents a scheme of weather forecasting using artificial neural network (ANN) and Bayesian network. The study focuses on the data representing central Cebu weather conditions. The parameters used in this study are as follows: mean dew point, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, mean temperature, mean relative humidity, rainfall, average wind speed, prevailing wind direction, and mean cloudiness. The weather data were collected from the PAG-ASA Mactan-Cebu Station located at latitude: 10°19´, longitude: 123°59´ starting from January 2011 to December 2011 and the values available represent daily averages. These data were used for training the multi-layered backpropagation ANN in predicting the weather conditions of the succeeding days. Some outputs from the ANN, such as the humidity, temperature, and amount of rainfall, are fed to the Bayesian network for statistical analysis to forecast the probability of rain. Experiments show that the system achieved 93%–100% accuracy in forecasting weather conditions.

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