Study of climate change effect on water balance in upper Citarum Watershed, the Krueng Cunda Watershed, and the Woske Watershed, Indonesia

The community feels the changes in water availability due to climate change will directly impact water availability, especially water availability in rivers, reservoirs and other water reservoirs. The purpose of this analysis is to determine changes in the rainy season shift, changes in mainstay discharge, and the effect of climate change on water balance. The results show a shift in the rainy season and a significant decrease in rainfall during the last ten years. In the Upper Citarum watershed (UCW), there is a change in the maximum and minimum mainstay discharge in the three watersheds. Climate change significantly affects the water balance in a watershed. Meanwhile, in the Krueng Cunda watershed (KCW) and the Woske watersheds (WW), there was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW. However, still able to meet the water needs of the population. There was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW, but still able to meet the population’s water needs.

Smart Village: A new dynamic to end rural urban gap and move towards sustainable development for all

Smart rural development is one of the best criteria to achieve Sustainable Development, there are 60,000 villages in India, where the condition of some of the villages are extremely miserable with no access to water, food and employment. With advancement in technology and bringing in green technology India has made few of its villages developed and constructed them as smart village with 100 % energy security, water access, pucca house, internet connectivity, empowering women, installation of RO, better jobs and government schools which have introduced computer learning. With this smart village development it has reduced the migration rate and brough back the people who went to the urban sector in such of better standard of living and employment. Smart village is a private public partnership model. Smart rural village will help to eradicate poverty, hunger, educated everyone, smart villages have seen an up gradation in the number of students. With sustainable development and smart techniques, urban overpopulation problem can be reduced and urbans slums region will also seen a decline as majority of the people migrating from rural to urban live in the urban slums, will help to reduce the climate change effect by green technology and smart living.

Climate Change Effect on Irrigation Water Requirement of Wheat and Maize in Northern Part of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries for climate change in agricultural water management. A research had been done to assess climate change effects on irrigation water use of wheat and maize in the northern part of Bangladesh. The twenty nine years of data (1990-2018) were analyzed with Mann-Kendall test as well as Sen’s slope for climate change impact and the responsible weather parameters due to climate change were identified with correlation coefficients. The crop water requirement of wheat in Bogura and Rangpur was declining at the rate of 3.3mm and 2.3mm per decade respectively. Net irrigation water requirement of wheat at both Bogura and Rangpur was inclining at the rate of 1mm and 10mm per decade respectively because the effective rainfall of these regions was decreasing at 5mm and 11mm per decade respectively. The crop water requirement of maize for similar districts was increasing at the rate of 3.2mm and 2.5mm per decade respectively although net irrigation water requirement had statistically non-significance for climate change effect. The weather parameter, which was mainly responsible for climatic change in irrigation water requirement, was increasing temperature. Therefore, wheat cultivation might be coped with climate change in the northern part of Bangladesh rather than maize on the basis of irrigation and water management.

Climate change accelerates winter transmission of a zoonotic pathogen

Many zoonotic diseases are weather sensitive, raising concern how their distribution and outbreaks will be affected by climate change. At northern high latitudes, the effect of global warming on especially winter conditions is strong. By using long term monitoring data (1980–1986 and 2003–2013) from Northern Europe on temperature, precipitation, an endemic zoonotic pathogen (Puumala orthohantavirus, PUUV) and its reservoir host (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus), we show that early winters have become increasingly wet, with a knock-on effect on pathogen transmission in its reservoir host population. Further, our study is the first to show a climate change effect on an endemic northern zoonosis, that is not induced by increased host abundance or distribution, demonstrating that climate change can also alter transmission intensity within host populations. Our results suggest that rainy early winters accelerate PUUV transmission in bank voles in winter, likely increasing the human zoonotic risk in the North.

The Role of Jordanian Agricultural Policies in Climate Change Responding Affecting Agricultural Production

A study was conducted in Jordan to evaluate the role of Jordanian agricultural policies on agricultural production under the effect of climate change. A scientific questionnaire was distributed to 100 samples of Jordanian citizens who had direct contact with the effect of agricultural policies and they can touch the effect of climate change and agricultural policies on the agricultural production, data selected from farmers, agricultural rural communities, agricultural sector decision makers, and agricultural researchers were selected randomly from different areas in Jordan. The results show that Jordanian are aware of the climate change effect on the agricultural sector and agricultural production, they believe that the most effective ways to face the negative effect of climate change on agricultural production by implementing agricultural regulations and policies which try to develop the Jordan agricultural sector under the effect of climate change. On other hand, results show a significant effect of agricultural policies to adapt and face the climatic changes in Jordan.