scholarly journals Unprecedented rainfall over Bangalore city during October, 2005

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
M. MOHAPATRA ◽  
NARESH KUMAR ◽  
B. K. BANDYOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The Central Observatory of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Palace Road, Bangalore reported a record highest monthly rainfall of 604 mm during October, 2005. It was the highest ever monthly rainfall recorded over Bangalore city. However, the surrounding stations in Bangalore district recorded less rainfall. To find out the physical processes leading to this rainfall, the characteristics of rainfall over different stations in Bangalore urban and rural districts during October, 2005 and associated synoptic and thermodynamic features during the month are analysed. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and role of pollution parameters and their relationship with this rainfall have also been analysed. This study can be utilized in better understanding of the impact of urbanization and pollution on rainfall, especially heavy rainfall. It can also help in predicting the heavy rainfall events over the urban centres. The study endorses the earlier finding that the UHI effect leads to moisture convergence and pollutants may work as hygroscopic nuclei over the region to enhance rainfall near the urban centre.

SHIFTING POWER

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 417-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Remster ◽  
Rory Kramer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Contemporary United States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Districts

AbstractWhile prisoners cannot vote, they are counted as residents of the often rural legislative districts where they are incarcerated rather than their home districts. We examine the extent to which incarceration shifts the balance of a representative democracy by considering its impact on legislative apportionment. Drawing on data from the Census, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, and Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission, we develop a counterfactual framework to examine whether removing and returning prisoners to their home districts affects equal representation. Because prisoners are disproportionately African American, we also employ this counterfactual to assess racial differences in the impact of prison gerrymandering. Findings indicate that incarceration shifts political power from urban districts to suburban and rural districts through legislative apportionment. Moreover, non-White communities suffer the most. We conclude by considering how our findings fit a growing literature on the role of mass incarceration in [re]producing racial inequalities in the contemporary United States.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Urbanization on Surface Urban Heat Islands—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Oasis Effect in Subtropical Desert Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Fan ◽  
Soe Myint ◽  
Shai Kaplan ◽  
Ariane Middel ◽  
Baojuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oasis Effect

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Urbanization on an Extreme Precipitation Event over Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yu-shu Zhou ◽  
Xin-yong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bth Region

In this study, an extreme rainstorm that occurred in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in China on 19–20 July 2016 is simulated and analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with a multilayer urban canopy scheme, to reveal the impact of urbanization on the extreme precipitation process in the region. The results show that the urban heat island effect (that is, surface warming and an increased near-ground sensible heat flux, which leads to increased vertical motion and atmospheric instability layer strengthening) plays a dominant role in the urban modification of rainfall during the early stages of urbanization, resulting in an increase of 6–10 mm in average hourly precipitation in urban and downwind areas. With the further development of urbanization in the BTH region, particularly in the big cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the large-scale expansion of the urban surface reduces the surface moisture, the evaporation of surface water from the ground, and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer, leading to an urban dry island effect brought about by the lack of near-surface water vapor, which inhibits an increase in precipitation. The positive effect of the urban heat island on precipitation was offset by the urban dry island effect, so the increase in precipitation in the urban areas was not obvious, but an increased range of 8–10 mm was noted. The existence of large cities changes the position of the strong upward movement of air, and convective upward movement is more likely to occur between the suburbs. With the further expansion of the underlying surface of the adjacent cities of Beijing and Tianjin, the upward movement between the two cities coincides, leading to an obvious increase in precipitation between the two cities.

scholarly journals Urban development and interethnic intolerance: Evidence from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-29
Author(s):  
Daniil Sitkevich
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Econometric Study ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

This work is devoted to the study of the impact of urban development on interethnic intolerance. Although studies on the impact of urbanization and the economic well-being of cities on interethnic intolerance have been conducted in other countries, no similar scientific work has been conducted in Russia. The purpose of this paper is to determine factors related to urban development that influence the level of interethnic intolerance in a Russian city and to clarify the nature of this influence. The assumption of the presence of such an influence is based on the fact that the comfort of the urban environment can play the role of an indicator of economic well-being, while the exacerbation of social conflicts during periods of economic instability is scientifically substantiated. This influence is studied using an econometric study on a sample of 66 Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people, where 2 or more crimes motivated by interethnic intolerance were committed during the period 2007–2019. The information base for the study was obtained from the website of the SOVA Center for Information and Analysis, the statistical databases of Rosstat and EMISS, and the official website of the urban environment quality index. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that interethnic intolerance is reduced due to a comfortable urban environment. Also, according to the study, in more populated Russian cities the level of interethnic intolerance is higher, whereas the incomes of city residents reduce it.

scholarly journals URBAN HEAT ISLAND UNDER IMPACT OF URBANIZATION IN HOCHIMINH CITY FROM REMOTE SENSING DATA

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Van Thi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the formation of urban heat island under the impact of urbanization in Hochiminh City in 1989-2006. Urbanization with increasing impervious surfaces impacted the common temperature background over the city by the warm rising trend. The results of applying remote sensing method extracting urban surface temperature defined the magnitude and space extension of “Surface urban heat island”, where the differences of surface temperature between urban and rural areas on 2006 image were about 11oC – 12oC. The magnitude of surface urban heat island increased in 6 to 26 times, particularly the biggest heat island was concentrated in the inner city with the area about 29.000ha. Urban heat island greatly influences the environment and the human health. Therefore, it is necessary to act on reducing the temperature of heat island in order to make our city more friendly to environment, to ensure human health, to decrease the energy demand and waste of water by sustainable development goal.

scholarly journals Impact of Urbanization on the Nature of Precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435
Author(s):  
William A. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Precipitation Phase

AbstractA newly developed precipitation phase metric is used to detect the impact of urbanization on the nature of precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by contrasting the relative amounts of rain and snow. A total of 162 years of observed precipitation data were analyzed to classify the nature of winter-season precipitation for the city of Toronto. In addition, shorter records were examined for nearby climate stations in less-urbanized areas in and near Toronto. For Toronto, all winters from 1849 to 2010 as well as three climate normal periods (1961–90, 1971–2000, and 1981–2010) were thus categorized for the Toronto climate record. The results show that Toronto winters have become increasingly “rainy” across these time periods in a statistically significant fashion, consistent with a warming climate. Toronto was compared with the other less urban sites to tease out the impacts of the urban heat island from larger-scale warming. This yielded an estimate of 19%–27% of the Toronto shift in precipitation type (from snow to rain) that can be attributed to urbanization for coincident time periods. Other regions characterized by similar climates and urbanization with temperatures near the freezing point are likely to experience similar climatic changes expressed as a change in the phase of winter-season precipitation.

Creating Wealth

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Mario Polèse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

This chapter returns to the question at the heart of economics as a social science since Adam Smith and his seminal work on the origins of wealth. Why are some nations rich and others poor? The focus here is on the role of cities, on “agglomeration” in the jargon of economics. We find little evidence in support of Jane Jacobs’s thesis that agglomeration is sufficient to independently trigger economic growth. After explaining the concept of “agglomeration economies,” the gains from spatial concentration, various obstacles to their realization are examined: deficient urban transport; insecurity; arbitrary governance; informality; and so on. Their full realization requires solid institutions, which all too often are lacking. Starting with the origins of the Industrial Revolution, we conclude that the impact of urbanization (greater agglomeration) is essentially allocational, shifting labor to more productive endeavors. The roots of technological innovation, which is at the heart of economic progress, run much deeper, taking us back to national cultures and institutions.

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