Method for determining bovine brucellosis vaccination coverage

In light of recent efforts in Brazil to increase B19 strain vaccine coverage of heifers, this study proposes a standardized methodology for the calculation of vaccination coverage among the Federal Units. To illustrate its use, the method was applied to data from the state of Mato Grosso to calculate vaccination coverage from 2006 to 2010. The results provide the best estimate based on data currently available in most states and can be easily adapted to situations in which the cattle registries use different age categories from those used in the state of Mato Grosso.

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Incomplete vaccination for conjugated meningococcal C and hepatitis B at municipal, state and federal level: 2015 a 2019

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/141120211463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Dias de Borba ◽

Carlos Eduardo da Cunha Nascimento ◽

Gabriel Mael Sussuarana Silva Lobo ◽

Lucca Gonçalo de Castro Lima ◽

Camila Lays Winter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The State ◽

National Immunization Program ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

National Immunization

Brazil has the National Immunization Program for disease prevention that offers nineteen vaccines, yet it is known that vaccination coverage according to age is not always reached. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the vaccination coverage in the municipality of Sinop, in the Mato Grosso state and in the Brazil for meningococcal C conjugate vaccines and Hepatitis B in the period from 2015 to 2019. Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, with data available in the Information System of the National Immunization Program. Results: Vaccination coverage for mingococcal C in children under one year in Sinop was above the target in 2015 and 2018, Mato Grosso was above only in 2015, for the booster dose only Sinop was above the target in 2016. Coverage for hepatitis B in children under 30 days of life demonstrated that Sinop had coverage above the state of Mato Grosso, which in turn was above Brazil. For children under 1 year old, only in 2016 and 2019 the state presented greater vaccination coverage at the expense of Sinop and Brazil. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that there is hesitation on the part of the population regarding vaccination, being greater in vaccines such as meningococcal C. Strengthening childcare is the key to improving the panorama of vaccine coverage.

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Controlling bovine brucellosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: results after ten years of a vaccination program

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3505 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3505 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽

Ana Paula Cunha Belchior ◽

Rodrigo De Souza Ferreira ◽

Rita Coelho Gonçalves ◽

Ricardo Souza Costa Barão de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

São Paulo ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Paulo State ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strain Vaccine ◽

São Paulo State

A cross- sectional study was carried out, between May and November 2011, to estimate the situation of the bovine brucellosis in São Paulo State, 10 years after the commencement of the vaccination of the heifers with the S19 strain. The State was divided into seven regions and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. A fixed number of cows was randomly selected and tested for antibodies against Brucella spp. A farm was considered infected if at least one female tested positive. In the selected farms, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered which focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The prevalence (percentile, [95% confidence interval]) of infected herds was 10.2% [8.8-11.8] for the State, and for the regions, it varied from 7.3% [4.7-11.2] to 12.3% [8.8-16.8], not showing significant difference between different regions. The apparent prevalence of positive farms in the State and regions remained similar to the prevalence observed 10 years before. The prevalence of positive animals was 2.4% [1.8-3.1] in the State and varied from 1.1% [0.6-2] to 3.5% [1.7-7.1] in the regions, not showing significant difference between regions. Again, there was no difference in the prevalence of positive animals after 10 years of the vaccination program. The risk factors (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) associated with bovine brucellosis in the State included number of cows ? 24 (3.08, 2.22-4.27) and the acquisition of breeding animals (1.33, 0.95-1.87). The São Paulo State should conduct systematic vaccination coverage of above 80% of the eligible heifers with the S19 strain vaccine annually. Moreover, the State should emphatically use RB51 strain vaccine in females above 8 months of age not vaccinated with S19 strain vaccine. An efficient animal health education program to orientate farmers to test replacement animals for brucellosis prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.

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Use of a generalized additive model for a spatial analysis of bovine brucellosis risk in the state of Mato Grosso in 2002 and 2014

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104938 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 176 ◽

pp. 104938

Author(s):

Isana Souza Silva ◽

Janice Elena Ioris Barddal ◽

Rísia Lopes Negreiros ◽

A.C.S. Oliveira ◽

D.M. Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Generalized Additive Model ◽

Additive Model ◽

The State ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Mato Grosso

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Effect of vaccination in lowering the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3479 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janice Elena Ioris Barddal ◽

Jociane Cristina Quixabeira-Santos ◽

Isabela Ferreira Lopes ◽

José Soares Ferreira Neto ◽

Fernando Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevalence Rate ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Herd Size ◽

The State ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Property A ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Breeding Herd ◽

Predetermined Number

The study was conducted to verify the efficacy of the bovine brucellosis vaccination program implemented by the state of Mato Grosso, using prevalence as an indicator. The state was divided into four regions: Pantanal, Milk, Fattening, and Breeding. For each region, a predetermined number of properties were selected and blood samples were taken from randomly chosen female animals, aged 24 months or greater. Sera from the animals were initially screened with a buffered acidified plate antigen, and confirmed using complement fixation. In each property, a questionnaire was used in order to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. In the state, the prevalence rate of infected herds was 24.0% [21.3; 26.8] and the prevalence rate of infected animals was 5.1% [3.5; 7.2]. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in each region were as follows: 21.2% and 6.4% in the Pantanal region, 17.2% and 3.7% in the Milk region, 34.0% and 7.2% in the Fattening region, and 24.3% and 4.4% in the Breeding region. Bovine brucellosis in the state is associated with the introduction of breeding, herd size, pasture sharing, and farms used for mixed and beef purposes. Therefore, in order to improve control of bovine brucellosis, it is proposed that the state of Mato Grosso intensify its prophylactic program, primarily its vaccination strategy. There has been a reduction in the prevalence of infected herds since 2002; however, there remains a high prevalence of infected herds and animals throughout the state. Additionally, the use of non-inducing antibodies vaccine should be encouraged, especially in the Pantanal region where the management of the animals is complicated by the flood and ebb cycle. The state should make greater efforts to educate producers on how to assess the breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them into their properties as well as avoid shared grazing among herds of unknown health conditions.

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Cattle movement network, herd size, and bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3777 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafael Ishibashi Cipullo ◽

José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽

Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽

Fernando Ferreira ◽

José Soares Ferreira Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herd Size ◽

The State ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Total Degree ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Cattle Movement ◽

Tenfold Increase ◽

Risk Of Disease ◽

Animal Trade

The aims of the present study were to compare centrality and other measures of bovine movement networks in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2007, by examination of the positive and negative herds identified in the brucellosis survey conducted in 2003. In addition, we aimed to examine the association between herd size (measured by the number of females older than 24 months, denoted FEM24+) and animal trade between herds. We found a statistical association between brucellosis occurrence and both the total degree (number of traded animals) and out-degree (for the number of animals sold and the number of neighboring herds). This finding suggests that positive herds in the 2003 survey were trading (particularly selling) more frequently in 2007 than negative herds, thereby presumably increasing the risk of disease spread. Statistical differences observed (p-values) in the network of movements for reproduction purposes were more significant than those observed in other networks for average herd size; degrees of animals, batches, and neighbors; outdegree of neighbors; and betweenness. We found positive associations (p < 0.001) between the following variables: number of traded animals and the FEM24+ herd size; FEM24+ herd size and FEM24+ herd size of neighbors within the network of cattle movement; FEM24+ herd size of neighbors and number of traded animals; and weighted degree (animals) of neighbors and degree (animals) of the herd of origin. A comparison of positive and negative herds stratified by herd size (? 10 FEM24+; 11-50 FEM24+; and > 50 FEM24+), within the network of movements for reproduction purposes, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the > 50 FEM24+ category only, for average herd size, total degree (animals, batches, and neighbors), outdegree (animals, batches, and neighbors), and outcloseness. Logistic regression analysis, in which average herd size and degree (animals) were both factors, showed that a tenfold increase in herd size and the number of animals traded would lead to an increased chance of a herd being positive by 41% (OR = 1.41 [1.01; 1.99]) and 39% (OR = 1.39 [1.05; 1.85]), respectively. We concluded that the presence of bovine brucellosis is associated with a larger herd size, which is consistent with other reports. We also found an association between the increased trade of bovines and the presence of bovine brucellosis. Furthermore, an association was noted between herd size and animal trade, both of which could contribute to the spread of brucellosis.

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Control of bovine brucellosis from 1998 to 2009 in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3467 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jamil Manoel Leal Filho ◽

Ilda Francisca Neves Bottene ◽

Letícia Almeida Retumba Carneiro Monteiro ◽

Aiesca Oliveira Pellegrin ◽

Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herd Size ◽

The State ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Property A ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Mixed Types ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Predetermined Number

This study used disease prevalence as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the bovine brucellosis vaccination program implemented by the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The state was divided into three regions: Pantanal, Planalto Sul, and Planalto Norte. For each region, a predetermined number of properties was sampled; in each, blood samples were collected from randomly selected cows aged at least 24 months. Sera from animals were subjected to a protocol that called for serial testing, with screening and confirmation using the buffered acidified antigen and 2-mercaptoethanol tests, respectively. In each property, a questionnaire was completed in order to identify risk factors associated with the disease. The overall prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals in the state were 30.6% [27.4; 34.0] and 7.0% [5.6; 8.7], respectively. The regional prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals were 39.1% and 8.9%, respectively, in Pantanal, 25.3% and 6.1% in Planalto Sul, and 32.1% and 6.4% in Planalto Norte. Bovine brucellosis in the state is associated with the purchase of breeding animals, herd size, and beef and mixed types of enterprise. Thus, Mato Grosso do Sul should reassess its vaccination program in order to improve its effectiveness. The state must also increase education and supervision to encourage producers to test breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them to their properties.

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Influenza vaccination coverage in a population-based cohort of Australian-born Aboriginal and non-Indigenous older adults

Communicable Diseases Intelligence ◽

10.33321/cdi.2019.43.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Amalie Dyda ◽

Surendra Karki ◽

Marlene Kong ◽

Heather F Gidding ◽

John M Kaldor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Torres Strait Islander ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Medical Risk ◽

Torres Strait

Background: There is limited information on vaccination coverage and characteristics associated with vaccine uptake in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. We aimed to provide more current estimates of influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal adults. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status (n=559 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants, n=80,655 non-Indigenous participants) from the 45 and Up Study, a large cohort of adults aged 45 years or older, was used to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults with coverage in non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged 49 to <65 years, age-standardised influenza coverage was respectively 45.2% (95% CI 39.5–50.9%) and 38.5%, (37.9–39.0%), p-value for heterogeneity=0.02. Coverage for Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged ≥65 years was respectively 67.3% (59.9–74.7%) and 72.6% (72.2–73.0%), p-heterogeneity=0.16. Among Aboriginal adults, coverage was higher in obese than in healthy weight participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.38, 95%CI 1.44–3.94); in those aged <65 years with a medical risk factor than in those without medical risk factors (aOR=2.13, 1.37–3.30); and in those who rated their health as fair/poor compared to those who rated it excellent (aOR=2.57, 1.26–5.20). Similar associations were found among non-Indigenous adults. Conclusions: In this sample of adults ≥65 years, self-reported influenza vaccine coverage was not significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Indigenous adults whereas in those <65 years, coverage was higher among Aboriginal adults. Overall, coverage in the whole cohort was suboptimal. If these findings are replicated in other samples and in the Australian Immunisation Register, it suggests that measures to improve uptake, such as communication about the importance of influenza vaccine and more effective reminder systems, are needed among adults.

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A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364420x15862837791186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 340-348

Author(s):

James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽

Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

The North ◽

New Synonyms ◽

Two New Species ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

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COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9020091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Daniel Garzon-Chavez ◽

Jackson Rivas-Condo ◽

Adriana Echeverria ◽

Jhoanna Mozo ◽

Emmanuelle Quentin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

National Level ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Health Organization ◽

Low Coverage ◽

Homologous Amino Acid

The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a well-known vaccine with almost a century of use, with the apparent capability to improve cytokine production and epigenetics changes that could develop a better response to pathogens. It has been postulated that BCG protection against SARS-CoV-2 has a potential role in the pandemic, through the presence of homologous amino acid sequences. To identify a possible link between BCG vaccination coverage and COVID-19 cases, we used official epidemic data and Ecuadorian Ministry of Health and Pan American Health Organization vaccination information. BCG information before 1979 was available only at a national level. Therefore, projections based on the last 20 years were performed, to compare by specific geographic units. We used a Mann–Kendall test to identify BCG coverage variations, and mapping was conducted with a free geographic information system (QGIS). Nine provinces where BCG vaccine coverage was lower than 74.25% show a significant statistical association (χ2 Pearson’s = 4.800, df = 1, p = 0.028), with a higher prevalence of cases for people aged 50 to 64 years than in younger people aged 20 to 49 years. Despite the availability of BCG vaccination data and the mathematical models needed to compare these data with COVID-19 cases, our results show that, in geographic areas where BCG coverage was low, 50% presented a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases that were young; thus, low-coverage years were more affected.

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Vaccine Coverage Across the Life Course in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: January–September 2020

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2021.306474 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e1-e9

Author(s):

Angela K. Shen ◽

Cristi A. Bramer ◽

Lynsey M. Kimmins ◽

Robert Swanson ◽

Patricia Vranesich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Local Health ◽

Immunization Registry ◽

Immunization Services ◽

Vaccines For Children ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Impact

Objectives. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization services across the life course. Methods. In this retrospective study, we used Michigan immunization registry data from 2018 through September 2020 to assess the number of vaccine doses administered, number of sites providing immunization services to the Vaccines for Children population, provider location types that administer adult vaccines, and vaccination coverage for children. Results. Of 12 004 384 individual vaccine doses assessed, 48.6%, 15.6%, and 35.8% were administered to children (aged 0–8 years), adolescents (aged 9–18 years), and adults (aged 19–105 years), respectively. Doses administered overall decreased beginning in February 2020, with peak declines observed in April 2020 (63.3%). Overall decreases in adult doses were observed in all settings except obstetrics and gynecology provider offices and pharmacies. Local health departments reported a 66.4% decrease in doses reported. For children, the total number of sites administering pediatric vaccines decreased while childhood vaccination coverage decreased 4.4% overall and 5.8% in Medicaid-enrolled children. Conclusions. The critical challenge is to return to prepandemic levels of vaccine doses administered as well as to catch up individuals for vaccinations missed. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 7, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306474 )

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