scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of tropical leguminous plants from eastern Amazonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Ermino Braga ◽  
Ermino Braga Filho ◽  
Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Flemingia Macrophylla ◽  
Higher Ed ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The aim of this study was to evaluate ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of Cratylia argentea, Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merrill, and Stylosanthes guianensis ‘Campo Grande’ (EMBRAPA), aged 55 and 75 days, in sheep with rumen cannulas, using the in-situ technique. A factorial design of 3 leguminous plants × 2 ages × 6 incubation times was used, totaling 36 experimental units. The experimental period included 14 days for adaptation to diet and 5 days for data collection. Cratylia at both ages and Flemingia aged 55 days showed the highest “a” fraction values for DM degradability. Cratylia aged 55 days and Stylosanthes at both ages showed the highest “a” fraction values for CP. The highest “b” fraction value for DM was 51.27% for Stylosanthes aged 55 days. This rate was lower for the other leguminous plants, especially for Flemingia at both ages. The “b” fraction values for NDF are considered low for Flemingia, what may be the result of lower ruminal degradation. The highest “c” fraction degradation rate for DM was observed in all leguminous plants studied aged 75 days. The highest “c” fraction value for CP was 14.84% for Stylosanthes aged 75 days. The highest Kd fraction values for DM, NDF, and CP were found in Flemingia. Cratylia, and Stylosanthes aged 75 days presented higher effective degradability (ED) values for DM at 2 and 5%/hour compared to Flemingia at both ages. Cratylia and Stylosanthes had the highest ED values for NDF, regardless of their passage rates. Stylosanthes presented higher ED values for CP at both ages, regardless of its passage rate. The highest DM, NDF, and CP potential degradability (PD) was obtained for Cratylia and Stylosanthes, at both ages. The leguminous plants Cratylia and Stylosanthes can be recommended for use as a protein bank and supplementation for ruminants, whereas, Flemingia macrophylla should not be used as a protein supplement for ruminants, because it contains high levels of fibrous fractions.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (Morus alba).

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and their fractions, contained in regrowth of mulberry at 56, 84 and 112 days. The degradation of leaves, stems and the whole plant was calculated. The potential degradability of these three components diminished as the regrowth aged. The soluble fraction of the dry matter was reduced from 29% to 25% in the leaves and from 27% to 19% in the stems between the 56th and the112th day. The degradable fraction in the stem remained constant (61-63%) on the three measuring days, with ruminal degradation levels of 14%, 10% and 9%/h respectively. In the stem the degradable fraction diminished from 42% to 30% between the 56th and 112th day, with degradation speeds of 8.4%, 6.7 % and 5.3%/h. The soluble crude protein diminished with age from 41% to 33% in the entire plant and the degradable fraction remained constant between 49% and 51%. The degradation rate was higher than 9.4%/h. The neutral detergent fiber had a degradable fraction of 71%, 62% y 43% on the 56th, 84th and 112th day, with degradation rates of 13%, 10% y 9%/h respectively. The degradation of the neutral detergent fiber began in the rumen with a lag time of 1.5 to 3.2 hours.

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53004
Author(s):  
Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽  
Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽  
Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradation of elephant grass silages added with faveira pods

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Spindola Garcez ◽  
Claudiane Morais dos Santos ◽  
Cicero Nicolini ◽  
Francisco Araújo Machado ◽  
Ernando De Oliveira Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Colonization Time ◽  
Matter Basis

 The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ ruminal degradability of elephant grass silages with addition of 8, 16 and 24% of faveira pods in experimental silos of 100x50 mm, equipped with bunsen valves. The content of crude protein (cp) and neutral detergent fiber (ndf) were determined on a dry matter basis. To evaluate the in situ degradability of dm, cp and ndf, nylon bags containing 4 g sample were incubated in the rumen of three fistulated cattle for 6, 24 and 72h. The dm and cp content of elephant grass silages increased (p < 0.05) from 8% inclusion associated with a higher concentration of constituents in faveira pods (77.25 and 9.61% dm). The ndf fraction reduced 10.91% (p < 0.05) when adding 24% pods. The potential degradation (pd) of dm and cp increased with inclusion of faveira pods, with 75.97 and 95.21%, respectively, for the level of 24%. There was increased potentially degradable fraction (bp) of ndf by 7.07% with inclusion of 24% faveira pods, as well as a reduced colonization time (lag) from 3.81 to 3.44 hours. The addition of up to 24% faveira pods to elephant grass silages improves rumen microbial degradation, and it is indicated this level of addition to obtain better quality silage. 

Factors influencing composition and ruminal degradability of barley straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
J. Helm ◽  
P. Juskiw
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability characteristics for 25 and 40 genotypes of barley straw were measured for crops grown in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Straw from semidwarf genotypes contained more crude protein and less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than that from genotypes with medium straw length and effective ruminal degradability was 9% higher (P < 0.01). Straw from two-row genotypes contained 19% more crude protein (4.4 vs. 3.7%) and 3% less NDF (75.2 vs. 77.6%) than that from six-row genotypes and effective ruminal degradability was 6% higher (P < 0.01) when genotypes with medium-length straw only were considered. Genotypes with smooth awns had higher rates of degradation but contained less of the slowly degraded fraction than straw with rough awns when straws of medium straw length were compared (P < 0.05). Straw from hulless genotypes contained more (P = 0.006) NDF than that from covered varieties. Both ambient and soil temperature were positively related (P < 0.05) to effective ruminal degradability of straw, possibly because of associated greater leafiness when temperatures were higher and there was more light. It was concluded that it is possible to select barley genotypes that have superior straw nutritive value for ruminant animals. Key words: Barley, straw, degradability, cattle, genotype, environment

scholarly journals Digestión de materia seca, proteína cruda y aminoácidos de la dieta de vacas lecheras

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Monica Duque Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Rosero Noguera ◽  
Marta Olivera Ángel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The aim of this study was to determine the digestion of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PC) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Two cannulated cows were used for the determination of passage rate (Kp), in situ ruminal degradability (DR) and intestinal digestibility (DI) by abomasal catheter. The data to calculate Kp was analyzed with NLIN procedure by SAS, and descriptive statistics for DR and DI of MS, PC and AA from Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), a commercial supplement and two sources of rumen-protected AA. The study showed a Kp and a ruminal retention time of 0.036 h-1 and 27.4 h. The highest values from DR of MS and CP were from Kikuyu grass (69.0 and 61.8%) and concentrate (84.7 and 77.2%), followed by MetP (60.2 and 66.7%) and LysP (6.72 and 11.4%). The highest percentages of rumen indegradable amino acids (AADR) were from Kikuyu and concentrate, varying between 58.7 and 68% in forage, and 76.1 and 82.9% in the concentrate. The DR was 11.5 and 65.8% in LysP and MetP, respectively. The DI of AA (%AADR) varied between 42.3 and 77.4% for Kikuyu and 42.2 and 59.3% for concentrate. The values for the protected amino acids were 42.1 for LysP and 58.6 for MetP. 

scholarly journals In situ ruminal degradation of sallow tree leaves using different mathematical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e2170
Author(s):  
Valiollah Palangi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the in situ digestion parameters of sallow leaves (Salix Alba) as an alternative food, not commonly used in animal diets using mathematical models. Materials and methods. Four mathematical models were used to describe the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of sallow leaves: non lagged exponential (Model I); lagged exponential (Model II); Gompertz (Model III), and generalized Mitscherlich (Model IV). Results. Results of DM and CP degradability characteristics showed that all the models fitted well (r2>0.98) to the disappearance data. There were minor differences between the models in terms of statistical evaluations. However, the models differed in the estimated parameters depending on the model’s nature and structure and the parameters included. Conclusions. Given that some models estimated negative values for the studied parameters, they were not biologically acceptable. For this reason, the only model I can be used for estimating the degradability of DM and CP of sallow leaves. In terms of effective degradability (ED) of DM, model III was not used in the calculations because of calculating negative values for part A. Sallow leaves constitute the largest possible proportion of the ruminal degradability fractions, and effective degradability can be used as a forage source in ruminant feeds.

Characteristics and in situ degradability of whole crop faba bean, pea, and soybean silages

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
True Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of faba bean (FS, Vicia faba L.), soybean (SS, Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and pea (PS, Pisum sativum L.) silages. Forages were harvested between the beginning- and full-seed stages and ensiled in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 16, and 45 d. Two lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulae were used to determine ruminal nutrient degradabilities. Results showed that all silages went through a rapid fermentation as indicated by rapid decline in pH and sharp increase in lactic acid concentration within the first 2 d of ensiling. Extensive proteolysis took place between day 0 and day 4 post-ensiling as indicated by a significant reduction in true protein (TP) and a significant increase in non-protein nitrogen (NPN). During the 45 d of ensiling, TP decreased (P < 0.05) by 26, 31, and 45% while NPN increased (P < 0.05) by 82, 54, and 47% for FS, SS, and PS, respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the three 45-d silages contained a similar level of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, average 421 g kg-1). Crude protein (CP) was highest (P < 0.05) for FS, intermediate for SS, and lowest for PS. Distribution of protein fractions showed that soluble protein and NPN were highest (P < 0.05) for PS, intermediate for SS, and lowest for FS. Neutral (NDICP) and acid (ADICP) detergent insoluble protein levels followed an opposite order to that observed for soluble crude protein (SCP) and NPN. Results of the in situ study showed that SS and PS had a similar ruminal degradability of dry matter (average 68.8%) and CP (82.9%), which were higher (P < 0.05) than those of FS (66.2 and 79.4%, respectively). However, no differences in ruminal degradability of NDF (average 34.7%) were observed between the three legume silages. Key words: Silage, ensiling, forage quality, nutrient degradability

scholarly journals Ruminal Degradability and Summative Models Evaluation for Total Digestible Nutrients Prediction of Some Forages and Byproducts in Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Rosendo ◽  
Luis Freitez ◽  
Rafael López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Lineal Regression

In in vitro true dry matter degradability (IVTDMD), in situ dry matter degradability, and neutral detergent fiber degradability, both in vitro (IVNDFD) and in situ (ISNDFD) techniques were used with crossbred goats to determine dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ruminal degradability in eight forages and four industrial byproducts. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content obtained with five different summative models (summative equations) were studied to compare the precision of estimates. All these models included digestible fractions of crude protein, ether extract, and nonfiber carbohydrates that were calculated from chemical composition, but digestible NDF (dNDF) was obtained from IVNDFD (IVdNDF), ISNDFD (ISdNDF), or by using the Surface Law approach. On the basis of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the simple lineal regression of predicted TDN (y-axes) and observed IVTDMD (x-axes), the precision of models was tested. The predicted TDN by the National Research Council model exclusively based on chemical composition only explains up to 41% of observed IVTDMD values, whereas the model based on IVdNDF had a high precision (96%) to predict TDN from forage and byproducts fiber when used in goats.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradability of forage soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. C. F. García ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
O. Marois-Mainguy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of forage soybean cultivar on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and ruminal degradability of silage. Two cultivars of forage soybean (Kodiak and Mammouth) were field-grown, harvested at the R6 stage, and ensiled in mini-silos (n = 3) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 d. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine in situ ruminal nutrient degradabilities of the 45-d silages. Both cultivars went through slow fermentation as indicated by a gradual decline in pH up to day 45 post-ensiling. Lactic acid concentration increased throughout ensiling and was higher for Mammouth than Kodiak except at day 45 post-ensiling. Analysis of the 45-d silages showed that Mammouth contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 490 vs. 444 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (371 vs. 353 g kg-1) and acid detergent lignin (81 vs. 64 g kg-1) than Kodiak. However, crude protein (CP) concentration was higher for Kodiak than Mammouth. Mammouth silage had lower buffer soluble protein and higher neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein concentrations than Kodiak silage. Results of the in situ study indicated that Kodiak silage had greater ruminal dry matter (606 vs. 549 g kg-1), CP (828 vs. 752 g kg -1) and NDF (272 vs. 227 g kg-1) degradabilities than Mammouth. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of forage soybean silage were significantly influenced by cultivar. Key words: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], silage, ensiling; forage quality, nutrient degradability

scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of agro-industrial fruit residues

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Paula Braga ◽  
Antonia Vilma de Andrade Ferreira Amâncio ◽  
Josemir De Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes Assis ◽  
Cicília Maria Silva Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of fruit residues. Three fistulated sheep were held collectively in a pen, and fed daily with the studied residues in a diet consisting of canarana grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis) and a concentrate of corn and soybeans. The animals were allowed an adjustment period of seven days. The residues were dried in the sun, crushed in a forage machine, sorted using a 4.0-mm sieve, and incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h using nonwoven bags (weight 60g/m2, 14 ×12 cm²). Chemical analyses of the residues were performed using a randomized block experimental design with split plots. The cherimoya and tamarind residues showed the highest concentrations of CP (12.66% and 11.79%) the ether extract of cherimoya residue was the highest at 22.30%stands out the sour soup residue. The cashew and guava residues showed the highest levels of lignin (22.13 and 18.34%). The effective degradability of DM for the pineapple and tamarind residues to a passage rate of 5%/h were 53.04% and 42.61%, respectively. The guava, cherimoya, and cashew residues showed lower values at 19.16%, 26.86%, and 29.21%, respectively. The cherimoya, guava and pineapple residues showed the highest values of potential degradability for CP at 87%, 81%, 86.02% and 90.94%, respectively, with an average effective degradability of 50.0% at the rate of 5%/h. The pineapple (35.38%) and tamarind residues (34.49%) showed higher values of the effective degradability of NDF at a passage rate of 5%/h. Among the studied residues, the pineapple residue showed the greatest potential for use in animal feed based on chemical composition and rates of degradability.

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