scholarly journals Osmopriming, antioxidative action, and thermal stress in sunflower seeds with different vigor levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1435-1452
Author(s):  
Tiago Teixeira Viana Barros ◽  
◽  
Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽  
Guilherme Fontes Valory Gama ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Antioxidative Action ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

The osmopriming technique can reduce the period between sowing and the emergence of seedlings in the field, as well as favor seed performance under stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of osmopriming on the physiological performance and antioxidative enzymatic activity of sunflower seeds with different vigor levels and exposed to thermal stress. Three sunflower seed lots of the cultivar Hélio 250 were used. Initially, the seeds were evaluated by germination and vigor tests to characterize the lots. Subsequently, they were primed in a polyethylene glycol 6000 solution at -2.0 MPa and 15 °C for 8 h. Then, the primed and unprimed seeds were tested for physiological quality (germination, first germination count, percentage and emergence speed index of seedlings, and seedling dry matter) and determination of the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POX) under three temperatures: 15 °C (sub-optimal), 25 °C (optimal), and 35 °C (supra-optimal). The physiological tests allowed classifying lots 1, 2, and 3 into three different vigor levels, i.e., high, medium, and low, respectively. Osmopriming favored the performance of sunflower seeds in terms of germination and vigor at all the analyzed temperatures. This effect was more pronounced in lots of lower physiological quality at sub-optimal and supra-optimal temperatures. Sub-and supra-optimal temperatures led to a reduction in the physiological performance of seeds, mainly in less vigorous lots. In general, osmopriming favored an increase in the activity of the enzymes SOD, CAT, POX, and APX, mainly in low vigor seeds exposed to sub and supra-optimal temperatures. Osmopriming of sunflower seeds in PEG 6000 at -2.0 MPa for 8 hours is efficient to improve the performance of less vigorous lots under stress due to the sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, favoring an increase in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidative system.

scholarly journals Analysis of drying potato kinetics in laboratory conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
B.P. Zlatkovic ◽  
Milos Rajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Industrial Compounds

Chemistry is in its nature a fundamental science, but nowadays its results are increasingly used in practice. In such a way, many syntheses of important nutrition and industrial compounds (chemical technology), or destruction of harmful substances (chemical ecology) have been developed. The analytic part of chemistry (analytical chemistry) has found a significant usage even in optimization of technological processes of food technology. One of the oldest ways of food preservation is drying (dehydration). The basis of this process of preservation is to vaporize water, to dry enough the product, in order to stop the activity of enzymes and possibility of microorganisms? development. Water in agricultural products is not free but bound to dry matter. Therefore, for its vaporizing it is necessary to bring enough heat. The part of the brought heat is used for vaporizing water, but one part of it becomes the energy for activation of several chemical reactions that decrease the nutritive values and the quality of future food. Therefore, the important engineering problem emerges: determination of optimal conditions for drying. For optimization of technological process of drying, it is necessary to do mathematical modeling of dependence of water vaporizing speed from environmental conditions beforehand. The aim of this paper is to determine potato pieces drying kinetics in laboratory dryer, in order to determine the optimal conditions for its industrial dehydration. It was established that in the first quarter of the time of drying evaporated 28.3% of total evaporation of water, and then in order by quarters: 53%, 14.1% and 4.6%, respectively. The greatest speed of drying was realized at moisture of potatoes about 50%.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of corn seeds after thermal stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Marini ◽  
Juliana de Magalhães Bandeira ◽  
Isabel Cristina Gouvea de Borba ◽  
Andrea Bicca Noguez Martins ◽  
Dario Munt de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of different temperatures on physiological quality and relate the responses with the antioxidant activity of three lots of corn seeds. The seeds from three lots were exposed for 24h at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 40°C and then evaluated for percentage, speed index and first germination count, as well as early growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, with subsequent polynomial regression analysis. The results showed that the seeds from the three lots of corn exposed to temperatures of 15 and 40°C, were of better high physiological quality (vigor), which explains the low activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in these same temperatures. The antioxidant defense system is related to the physiological quality of corn seeds exposed to thermal stress.

scholarly journals Seed physiological quality and seedling growth of pea under water and salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella C. Pereira ◽  
Hugo C. R. M. Catão ◽  
Franciele Caixeta
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate seed physiological quality and initial pea (Pisum sativum) seedling development at different water and salt potentials. Polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium chloride and potassium chloride solutions with different osmotic potentials (0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6; -0.8; -1.0, and -1.2 MPa) were used, and the experiment had a 3 × 7 factorial arrangement. The physiological quality and initial seedling growth characteristics (first germination count, final germination count, strong normal seedlings, epicotyl and taproot lengths, epicotyl dry matter, and root dry matter) were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions. Decreases in the observed variables showed that the simulated stress conditions negatively affected physiological performance, germination and initial seedling growth. The water and salt stresses induced by the sodium chloride and potassium chloride solutions were greater than the stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000.

scholarly journals Effects of Macronutrients in the Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Geliandro Anhaia Rigo ◽  
Luis Osmar Braga Schuch ◽  
Willian Silva Barros ◽  
Rodrigo Lamaison de Vargas ◽  
Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Program ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this work was to correlate macronutrient content of soybean seeds to physiological quality of different cultivars. The work was developed in the Federal University of Pelotas, in the facilities of the Seed Science and Technology Graduate Program. The experimental design was randomized blocks in arranged in four replicates. The following soybean cultivars were used: BMX Apolo RR (12 lots), BMX Ativa RR (13 lots), BMX Energia RR (26 lots), BMX Força RR (24 lots), BMX Impacto RR (35 lots), BMX Magna RR (16 lots), BMX Turbo RR (44 lots), BMX Potência RR (82 lots) and NA 5909 RR (28 lots), with seeds produced in northwest Rio Grande do Sul. The determination of nutritional contents found in plant tissues of soybean seeds, were measured: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sulfur (S). The macronutrient contents of the seeds vary according to genetic characteristics of the cultivars, with higher oscillations of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and sulfur contents present in soybean seeds. Potassium and calcium are defined as the most stable nutrients for the cultivars and seed lots analyzed. High concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium are determinants for the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

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