scholarly journals First report of injuries associated with triclopyr herbicide drift in grapevines

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4163-4176
Author(s):  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
◽  
Werner Genta ◽  
Giliardi Dalazen ◽  
Nathalia Rodrigues Leles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
First Report ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Herbicide Drift ◽  
Continuous Use

In the southern region of Brazil, close proximity of vineyards to soybean areas is common, and glyphosate is used frequently to allow for the control of weeds. However, the continuous use of this chemical has accelerated the process of selection for resistant species such as horseweed (Conyza spp.), thus leading to the search for alternative herbicides such as triclopyr to control this weed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing injuries associated with triclopyr drift in grapevines in Brazil, in the Northern region of Parana state, that can result in crop losses that were previously uncharacterized. In this report, the primary symptoms associated with the drift of triclopyr in grapevines are described. Additionally, the major implications of this process regarding vine development along the next crop seasons are explored, and the primary measures to prevent these injuries are discussed.

The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Lightning Strikes and Their Relationship with Vegetation Type, Elevation, and Fire Scars in the Northern Territory

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Kilinc ◽  
Jason Beringer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Lightning Strikes

Abstract In this paper the authors explore the spatial and temporal patterns of lightning strikes in northern Australia for the first time. In particular, the possible relationships between lightning strikes and elevation, vegetation type, and fire scars (burned areas) are examined. Lightning data provided by the Bureau of Meteorology were analyzed for a 6-yr period (1998–2003) over the northern, southern, and coastal regions of the Northern Territory (NT) through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of lightning strikes. It was determined that the highest densities of lightning strikes occurred during the monsoon transitional period (dry to wet) and during the active monsoon periods, when atmospheric moisture is highest. For the period of this study, lightning was far more prevalent over the northern region (1.21 strikes per km2 yr−1) than over the southern (0.58 strikes per km2 yr−1) and coastal regions (0.71 strikes per km2 yr−1). Differences in vegetation cover were suggested to influence the lightning distribution over the northern region of the NT, but no relationship was found in the southern region. Lightning strikes in the southern region showed a positive relationship with elevations above 800 m, but no relationship was found in the northern region, which could be due to the low-lying topography of the area. A comparison of lightning densities between burned and unburned areas showed high variability; however, the authors suggest that, under ideal atmospheric conditions, large-scale fire scars (>500 m) could produce lightning strikes triggered by either enhanced free convection or mesoscale circulations.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Effects of Heavy Vehicles on Roads in Southern and Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Osadebe ◽  
H. A. Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
On The Road

The prevalence of flexible pavement deterioration in the country has been adduced largely by highway researchers to trucks or heavy vehicles carrying much in excess of permitted legal limits. This study investigated levels of deterioration of Abuja-Kaduna-Kano road (Northern region) and Port Harcourt-Enugu road (Southern region) caused by heavy vehicles through a 14 day traffic counts conducted at 5 strategic points each in the Northern and Southern regions. Traffic data generated were analyzed with AASHTO Design Guidelines (1993) to evaluate Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and Vehicle Damage effects on the road. The Traffic Volume, Average Daily Traffic (ADT), and Heavy Vehicle per day (HV/day) were estimated to be 2,063,977; 147,427; and 12,246 respectively in the Northern region, while in the Southern region they were estimated to be 750,381; 53,670; and 20,951 respectively. Motorcycles, Passenger cars, Mini-buses/Pick-ups, and Heavy vehicles constitute 18.7%, 49.7%, 23.3% and 8.31% of the total traffic volume respectively in the Northern region while in the South they constitute 4.6%, 30.1%, 26.2% and 39.1% respectively. ESALs were estimated according to AASHTO Design Guidelines in the Northern and Southern regions as 547,730 and 836,208 respectively. An average Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) of 3.43 and 3.02 were estimated for each heavy vehicle plying the Northern and Southern roads respectively and this could explain some failures (alligator cracks, potholes, depressions, linear or longitudinal cracks along the centre line amongst others) inherent on the road.

Best Practices for Tour Guides in the Northern Region of Jordan

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-118
Author(s):  
Sawsan Khreis ◽  
Foued Benghadbane
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Alternative Tourism

Tourism investments are concentrated in the southern region of Jordan (Petra and Aqaba). This chapter argues that if food tourism delivers its sustainable benefits, it could be a vehicle for regional tourism development by strengthening the regional food on offer so that deprived areas are regenerated. Villages in Ajloun are selected for the investigation as they are well-known for food production. These villagers have inherited the talent for preparing traditional Jordanian food. This study is the first scientific study conducted to compare two villages in Ajloun, namely Orjan village and Ibbin village for logic justifications: 1) Provide the best example illustrating the best practices of tour guides in Jordan who unconsciously apply the principles of alternative tourism that lead to a sustainable tourism development. 2) This chapter aims to identify many problematic issues such as whether tour guides apply the best practices that are the concrete reflection of sustainable tourism principles.

scholarly journals Do Seedlings Derived from Pinewood Nematode-Resistant Pinus thunbergii Parl. Clones Selected in Southwestern Region Perform Well in Northern Regions in Japan? Inferences from Nursery Inoculation Tests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Koji Matsunaga ◽  
Taiichi Iki ◽  
Tomonori Hirao ◽  
Mineko Ohira ◽  
Taro Yamanobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
High Sound

Background and Objectives: To determine whether the progeny of pinewood nematode-resistant Pinus thunbergii Parl. clones selected in the southwestern region of Japan could be successful in reforestation in the northern region, we investigated the magnitude of the genotype–environment interaction effect on the resistance against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in P. thunbergii. Materials and Methods: We inoculated P. thunbergii seedlings of six full-sib families, with various resistance levels, with B. xylophilus in nurseries at three experimental sites in the northern and southern regions of Japan. All parental clones of the tested families originated from southwestern Japan, and selection of parental clones for resistance was performed in the same region. Sound rates after nematode inoculation were calculated, and survival analysis, correlation analysis and variance component analysis were performed. Results and Conclusions: Families with high sound rate in the southern region also showed a high sound rate in the northern region. In almost all cases, Spearman’s correlation coefficients for sound rates were more than 0.698 among sites. The variance component of the interaction between site and family was small compared to that of site and family separately. Thus, we conclude that the resistant clones selected in the southern region would retain their genetic resistance in the northern regions.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of the free-living freshwater Cyclopoida (Copepoda: Crustacea) in the Neotropics

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Cyclopoida species from the Neotropics are listed and their distributions are commented. The results showed 148 species in the Neotropics, where 83 species were recorded in the northern region (above upon Equator) and 110 species in the southern region (below the Equator). Species richness and endemism are related more to the number of specialists than to environmental complexity. New researcher should be made on to the Copepod taxonomy and the and new skills utilized to solve the main questions on the true distributions and Cyclopoida diversity patterns in the Neotropics.

SCHISTOSOMATIUM DOUTHITTI (CORT, 1914) PRICE, 1931 IN MANITOBA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Farley
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
First Report

Cercariae of Schistosomatium douthitti Price, 1931 have been found in two lakes of Manitoba, in which cases of schistosome dermatitis occurred. One adult female Schistosomatium douthitti was recovered from a naturally infected meadow-vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. This is the first report of the parasite in Manitoba. Cercaria elvae Miller, 1923 was also widespread throughout the southern region of the province.

scholarly journals Selection for imperfection: A review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Andres Rivera-Quiroz ◽  
Menno Schilthuizen ◽  
Boopa Petcharad ◽  
Jeremy A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Selection For

AbstractBilateral asymmetry in the genitalia is a rare but widely dispersed phenomenon in the animal tree of life. In arthropods, occurrences vary greatly from one group to another and there seems to be no common explanation for all the independent origins. In spiders, genital asymmetry appears to be especially rare. Few examples have been studied in detail but isolated reports are scattered in the taxonomic literature. Based on a broad literature study, we found several species in thirteen families with evidence of genital asymmetry, mostly expressed only in females. Our review suggests that spider genital asymmetries, although rare, are more common than previously thought and taxonomic descriptions and illustrations are a useful but not entirely reliable tool for studying them. Here we also document thoroughly the case of the liocranid spider Teutamus politus. We collected live specimens to observe male-female interactions and document their genital morphology. We consider T. politus to be the first known case of directional asymmetry and the first report of developmentally asymmetric male genitals in Entelegynae spiders. Generalities, evolution and categorization of asymmetry in spiders are further discussed.

scholarly journals Age, Growth, and Natural Mortality of Whitebone Porgy, Calamus Leucosteus, From the Southeastern United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Michael L. Burton ◽  
Jennifer C. Potts ◽  
Ariel Poholek ◽  
Jordan Page ◽  
Dalton Knight
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Size At Age

Ages of whitebone porgy (Calamus leucosteus) (n = 559) from southeastern U. S. commercial and recreational fisheries from 1975 – 2017 were determined using sectioned otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming April – July (peaking in June). Ages ranged from 2 – 19 years, and the largest fish measured 513 mm TL (total length, mm). Body size relationships were: TL = 1.09 FL + 16.07 (n = 469, r2 = 0.97), FL = 0.89 TL – 6.39 (n= 469, r2 = 0.97), W = 2.8 x 10-5 TL2.91 (n = 462), and W = 6.8 x 10-5 FL2.82 (n = 417) where W is total weight (grams, g) and FL is fork length (mm). The von Bertalanffy growth equations were Lt = 365 (1 - e-0.35 (t + 1.37)) (n = 559) for all areas combined, Lt = 365 (1 - e-0.55(t + 0.00)) (n = 185) for fish from North Carolina through Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Lt = 368 (1 - e-0.25 (t + 2.51)) (n = 374) for fish from southeast Florida. Mean size-at-age was significantly different between regions for ages 4 – 9, (92% of total samples). Point estimates of natural mortality were M = 0.22 and M = 0.30 for northern- and southern-region fish, respectively, while age-specific estimates of M were 0.85 – 0.55 y-1 for ages 2– 19 for the northern region and 0.41 – 0.26 (ages 2-14) for southern region fish. This study presents updated life history parameters for whitebone porgy from the Atlantic waters off the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals Trophodynamics of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) in the trawl landings along the north-east coast of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Hanumantha Rao ◽  
Shubhadeep Ghosh ◽  
K. Sreeramulu ◽  
V. U. Mahesh ◽  
M. Satish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
East Coast Of India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Nemipterus Japonicus ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Mean Similarity

The trophodynamics of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) along the north-east coast of India was studied during 2012-2015 based on specimens collected from trawl landings at Digha, Paradeep (northern region), Visakhapatnam and Kakinada (southern region). Crustaceans were the preferred prey with index of relative importance (IRI) of 50% in the northern region and 42.4% in the southern region. Among crustaceans, Oratosquilla dominated in both the regions followed by crabs and several species of penaeids and nonpenaeids. Finfishes ranked next in importance (IRI% of 32.1 in northern region and 39.9 in southern region) and included Stolephorus spp., silverbellies, Coilia sp., other clupeids, Apogon spp., mackerel, sardines, eels, priacanthids, Bregmaceros sp. and sciaenids. Along northern region, in juveniles and preadults, the diet comprised chiefly of crustaceans (IRI% of 72.27 and 52.76), followed by finfishes (IRI% of 15.37 and 27.65). In the southern region, adult fishes exhibited higher preference for finfishes (IRI% of 47.5 to 62.8). Feeding intensity was low throughout the year with close to half (48.23% in northern region and 43.67% in southern region) of the fishes exhibiting empty or trace stomach conditions which increased with an increase in age and size of fish. High similarity of 75.54% in the northern and 84.19% in the southern region was recorded in the diet contents of smaller and moderate sized adults. Annual and seasonal mean similarity in the diet components between the regions was 69.9 and 53%. Prey contents in juveniles between both the regions exhibited a similarity of 59.5%, while preadults and adults recorded similarities of 62.7 and 68.2% respectively.

scholarly journals First Report of Ovulariopsis on Lupinus havardii

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
S. P. Fernández-Pavía ◽  
M. Valenzuela-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
First Report ◽  
Big Bend ◽  
Close Proximity

In 1998 and 1999 a severe powdery mildew was observed in Las Cruces, NM, on Big Bend Bluebonnets (Lupinus havardii) grown in the greenhouse for cut flowers and vase life studies. An undescribed powdery mildew has been reported on L. havardii (2), but it has been observed only occasionally on leaves and has not cause a severe problem. The powdery mildew observed in Las Cruces began in March and caused severe infection from May through July. The disease spread rapidly due to movement of the pathogen during pruning operations and the close proximity of plants. Plants were heavily infected when no fungicide was applied. Plants were sprayed with the fungicide azoxystrobin, with best control obtained at 687 mg/liter of water. When an infected plant was used as a source of inoculum, disease spread rapidly to healthy plants placed around the infected plant. Infected leaves had chlorotic lesions that later became necrotic. Mycelia, conidiophores, and conidia of the pathogen were observed on leaves and occasionally on petioles and stems. Ellipsoid cylindrical-to-clavate conidia were hyaline, one-celled, and measured 49 to 68.1 μm × 12.2 to 14.7 μm. Conidia were produced on upright, simple conidiophores measuring 171 to 245 μm × 4.9 to 7.3 μm. Fibrosin bodies and cleistothecia were not found. The fungus was identified as an Ovulariopsis sp. (1). This is the first documented report of an Ovulariopsis sp. on L. havardii. References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987. (2) W. A. Mackay and T. D. Davis. HortScience 33:348, 1998.

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