Optimization of novel single-step gelatin extraction method using RSM model for valorization of surimi industry by-products

Surimi industry produces large quantity of by-products as a combination of skin, bones, and scale, which due to technical difficulty in separation, are being currently utilized for production of low- value products such as biofertilizers and fish feed. Present paper focuses on utilization of combined skin, bones, and scale from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicus) obtained from surimi industry for gelatin extraction using single step process. Single step extraction method with acetic acid and water was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to maximize yield and gel strength so that the process can be applied for sustainable utilization. Parameters such as pH (A), extraction temperature (B) and extraction time (C) with respect to yield and L-hydroxyproline content were optimized. Highest gelatin yield was obtained at pH 3, 75°C extraction temperature, and 30 min extraction time. Gelatin yield and L-hydroxyproline content under optimum condition were 16.2% and 41.62 mg.g−1. The chemical composition, functional, rheological, and structural properties of gelatin were examined and compared with commercial bovine gelatin. Gelatin thus obtained at optimized condition exhibited high gel strength (793g) and higher imino acid content (18.1%) than bovine gelatin. FTIR spectra depicted high similarities between both gelatin sample. Thus, the optimized method can be utilized for gelatin extraction from Pink Perch by-products for development of high value products such as food application.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ANISAKID NEMATODES HYSTEROTHYLACIUM SPECIES FROM JAPANESE THREADFIN BREAM NEMIPTERUS JAPONICUS (BLOCH, 1791) (PERCIFORMES, NEMIPERIDAE) FROM IRAQI MARINE WATER FISH

The present study provides a new insight into valuable information on the diverse structure of the Anisakid population and discusses the limited species richness in the Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch,1791) (Perciformes, Nemiperidae). The fishing area consists of various locations in the Arabian Gulf (29°58 0 33 00 N48°28 0 20 E). A total of 315 marine fish were examined, (n=287) were infected. Larval stages (n= 763) encysted within the mesenteries peritoneum and viscera of fish organs were isolated, with a prevalence of 91.11% of infection and, the intensity was 2.65. Molecular analysis was carried out on thirty individuals who have examined the morphology and showed some appearance differences, by amplifying internal transcribed spacers ITS and ITS-1 of nuclear rDNA (rDNA) by PCR using the primer sets NC5/NC2 and SS1/NC13R of thirteen DNA products. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X. based on the identity percentage in the GenBank database showed that they belong to anisakid nematodes, in particular, they belong to eleven distinct taxa within the Hysterothylacium Ward & Magath, 1917 (Rhabditida, Raphidascarididae) and one identified species H. amoyense (Hsü, 1933) Deardorff & Overstreet, 1980. The current study records eleven species that belong to a genus of Hysterothylacium; some of the alignment of sequences polymorphisms reveals new different individuals of larvae species that may be adopted as new species if their adult stage is detected, and N. japonicus fish considered as a new host record. The current study provides some insights on the systematic taxonomy of these parasites, in addition, it supports similar studies that have been published elsewhere.

Redescription and New Host Record of Heteraxinoides atlanticus (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) from the Gills of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) and Its Systematics

Background: Heteraxinoides atlanticus Gayevskaya et Kovaleva (1979) is described from the locality of Arabian Sea, India. This monogenean species is first time reported from India, infesting the gills of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch). The present study redescribes H. atlanticus and its phylogenetic status using morphometric and molecular tools. Methods: A total of 35 parasites were collected from the 234 specimens of Nemipterus japonicus at Mumbai, India. The temporary and permanent mounts were prepared for the morphometric analyses of H. atlanticus. For PCR, the genomic DNA was isolated from the parasites using primers for 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtCOI gene. The obtained DNA sequences were subjected to different bioinformatics softwares (BLASTn, Clustal Omega and MEGA) for phlyogenetic analyses.Result: Phylogenetic analyses with the help of partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of H. atlanticus and other available sequences of heteraxinids provided the better understanding of relationship in the family Heteraxinidae. Another species, H. karachiensis Hadi and Bilqees (2014) showed similar morphological features such as number of clamps and structure of genital atrium to H. atlanticus except few minor differences, so it must be considered as synonym of H. atlanticus and placed into Heteraxinidae instead of Axinidae.

Development Of Spring Roll Using Wrapper With Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus Japonicus) Flakes

This study aimed to determine the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes and if there were significant differences in the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes using three different proportions of ingredients per treatment in terms of aroma, color, flavor, texture and general acceptability. The present investigation employed experimental design to establish the level of acceptability of the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus Japonicus) Flakes. There are three treatments subjected for evaluation using a Researcher made Survey questionnaire. These were Treatments A, B, and C. There were fifteen (15) trained panels composed of faculty of NIPSC Ajuy Campus that were purposely selected to evaluate the product. The data gathered were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation and the Friedman’s Test (Freidman’s ANOVA). The criterion for rejection and acceptance of hypothesis was set at 0.05 level of significance. The study was conducted at NIPSC-Ajuy Campus, during the 2nd Semester of School Year 2020-2021. The findings were based on the data and the results of the analysis obtained were as follows: Treatment B with 150 grams of threadfin bream flakes was found to be “extremely acceptable” and comparable with the commercial spring roll wrappers (Treatment A) in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture, and general acceptability. No significant differences was found out in the acceptability of the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture, and general acceptability. Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes has suggested retail price of P2.65 which is more than 100 % higher compared to the commercial spring roll wrapper with selling price of P1.00 per piece. Finally, it was recommended that continuous research and development shall be pursued in case commercialization of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes is considered especially in the cost aspects. A feasibility study shall be conducted first before commercialization is pursued. Other pelagic fishes shall also be ventured and tested to fortify spring roll wrapper. Although results positive results in terms of acceptability, researcher shall look into possible ways to lower the cost of the product to ensure profitability. The Municipality of Ajuy along with the academic community and research authorities to take action on making researches that shall promote the utilization of pelagic fishes in the town. This actions shall enable the economic development of the town that can help resolve poverty and shortage of food in the Municipality of Ajuy. The said activities shall also promote entrepreneurial spirit especially the small and local businesses in the community

Utilisation of isoelectric precipitation to recover fish protein isolate from seafood processing waste

Threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) is an important marine fish species used in the preparation of surimi. The waste generated from surimi production contains large quantity of recoverable proteins, which could be utilised for byproduct development. In this study, Isoelectric precipitation (IEP) technique as a method to recover proteins from fish processing waste was attempted. The alkali aided IEP process extracted the fish protein isolate (FPI) efficiently with a yield of 84.13±0.11%. The highest protein yield was recorded at a homogenised sample to water ratio of 1:9. Maximum protein content was found at pH 13 with 19.63 ±0.52% yield. FPI extracted had higher protein content, less ash and low lipid contents compared to the fish processing waste. The mean yield and protein composition of FPI extracted atdifferent treatments of pH and sample to water ratiowere found to be significantly different (p<0.05). Sample to water ratio of 1:9 and pH 13 was found to be the best combination among the different treatments attempted for FPI extraction from threadfin bream processing waste.

Kualitas Daging Ikan Kurisi (Nemipterus japonicus) Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Branta, Pamekasan

Kontrol mutu hasil tangkapan nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Branta, Pamekasan masih belum dilaksanakan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas daging ikan kurisi berdasarkan nilai Total Plate Count (TPC), keanekaragaman jenis, total kelimpahan jenis bakteri heterotrof dan patogen pada media TSA, EMB, SSA, dan TCBS. Nilai TPC bakteri heterotrof (TSA) adalah 8,59 Log CFU/g dengan 7 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 2-336 koloni (BH3). Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (EMB) adalah 3,72 Log CFU/g dengan 6 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 784-1009 koloni (BPE4), serta isolat bakteri BPE1 yang berwarna hijau metalik diduga sebagai Escherichia coli. Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (SSA) adalah 4,12 Log CFU/g dengan 5 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 35-450 koloni (BPS1), serta isolat bakteri BPS1 yang berwarna hitam diduga sebagai Salmonella sp. Nilai TPC bakteri patogen (TCBS) adalah 5,41 Log CFU/g dengan 2 keanekaragaman jenis dan total kelimpahan tertinggi antara 0-44 koloni (BPT1). Isolat bakteri BPT1 dan BPT2 yang berwarna hijau dan kuning diduga sebagai Vibrio parahaemolyticus dan Vibrio vulnificus.