The Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Affect on Gratitude After an Intervention

Italy was quickly hit hard by the coronavirus. ‘Lockdown’ has significantly impacted the psychological health, personal wellbeing and quality of life of the people. The study aims to explore the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as positive (spiritual well-being and flourishing) and negative outcomes (psychological distress caused by a traumatic life event in terms of perception of PTSD symptoms) on Italian adults during the lockdown period. Data was collected between April and May 2020. The participants were 281 Italian adults aged between 18 and 73 years. The survey was composed of the following measures: Flourishing Scale, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Fear of COVID-19. The mediational analysis shows that fear of COVID-19 fully mediates the relationship between negative affect and spiritual well-being and flourishing; fear of COVID-19 partially mediates the relationship between negative affect and PTSD symptoms; the positive affect shows only direct effects on positive outcomes. Therefore, fear of COVID-19 does not play any mediation role. Implications for psychological interventions and future research will be discussed.

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The Retrospective Independence of Positive and Negative Affect

Social Cognition ◽

10.1521/soco.2020.38.5.470 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 470-488

Author(s):

Yoav Ganzach ◽

Einat Yaor ◽

Talya Miron Shatz ◽

Ben Bulmash ◽

Doron Greenberg

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Intensity Measures ◽

Negative Experiences ◽

Daily Affect ◽

The Relationship

We examine independence in retrospective evaluations of positive and negative affect (PA and NA, respectively). Study 1 shows that the estimation of weekly PA and NA frequencies depends on the congruent daily affects but not on the incongruent daily affects (i.e., weekly PA [NA] depends on the daily PAs [NAs], but not on the daily NAs [PAs]). Study 2 replicates and extends the results of Study 1 by using a within- and between-subjects design as well as both frequency and intensity measures of affect, and by also examining the relationship between momentary and daily affect. Study 3 shows that daily PA and NA are affected by the existence of subjectively defined congruent peak affect and less by subjectively defined incongruent peak affect. We suggest a focusing bias account, according to which asking about positive [negative] affect focuses attention on positive [negative] experiences.

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On the relationship between positive and negative affect: Their correlation and their co-occurrence.

Emotion ◽

10.1037/emo0000231 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 323-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jeff T. Larsen ◽

Hal. E. Hershfield ◽

Bradley J. Stastny ◽

Neil Hester

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

The Relationship

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Socially prescribed perfectionism and affectivity in Spanish child population

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ◽

10.1989/ejihpe.v7i1.192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29

Author(s):

María Vicent ◽

Cándido Inglés ◽

Ricardo Sanmartín ◽

Carolina Gonzálvez ◽

Lucía Granados Alós ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Adolescent Population ◽

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽

The Mean ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Relationship ◽

Affective Dimensions ◽

Effect Magnitude

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and affect during childhood. A sample of 804 students aged between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.57; SD=1.12), as well as the SPP subscale of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the 10-Item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, which assess the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA), were employed. The mean scores in PA and NA between students with high and low levels of SPP were compared. Students with high SPP significantly scored higher than their peers with low SPP, both in PA and NA. The effect magnitude of the found differences was small. Accordingly, the results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that both affective dimensions predicted positively and significantly high scores in SPP with Odd Ratio values of 1.08 and 1.05, respectively, for PA and NA. The results do not match the previous empirical evidence in adult and adolescent population. This implies that the consequences of considering the environment as demanding of perfectionism does not have the same consequences in childhood than in later ages.

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The Influence of the Weather on Affective Experience

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000037 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Liisi Kööts ◽

Anu Realo ◽

Jüri Allik

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Age Groups ◽

Barometric Pressure ◽

Weather Data ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Affective States ◽

Neo Personality Inventory ◽

Affective Experiences ◽

Multilevel Random Coefficient Modeling ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between affective experiences and weather variables using an experience-sampling method. The moderating effects of personality and age on the relationship were also investigated. Two age groups of participants (students and elderly people) recorded their moods when signalled during 14 consecutive days on 7 randomly determined occasions per day. Hourly weather data (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and luminance) for the same period were obtained from the local weather station. Previously participants had completed the Estonian versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory ( Kallasmaa, Allik, Realo, & McCrae, 2000 ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ( Allik & Realo, 1997 ). Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses showed that momentary ratings of positive and negative affect were weakly related to temperature, positive affect was also related to sunlight. However, momentary ratings of fatigue showed a distinct tendency for greater incidence of sleepiness in the cold and dark. Age group was one of the most important moderators of the weather-emotion models. The influence of weather on emotions interacted with being outdoors. Personality traits also explained a small portion of variance in the influence of weather on affective states.

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The relationship between positive and negative affect, workplace spirituality and job satisfaction

International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management ◽

10.1504/ijicbm.2018.10015353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Kochu Therisa Beena Karingada ◽

Michael Sony

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Workplace Spirituality ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

The Relationship

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Sense of Authenticity, Affectivity, and Cultural Construal of the Self among Japanese University Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.100.1.83-86 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 83-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Masaya Ito ◽

Masahiro Kodama

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

University Students ◽

Positive Affect ◽

The Self ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Japanese University ◽

Self Construal ◽

Interdependent Self ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between the sense of authenticity and affectivity, which is under the control of the cultural construal of the self. Japanese university students ( N = 287) rated themselves on the Sense of Authenticity Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Scale for Independent and Interdependent Construal of the Self. Analysis indicated that the Sense of Authenticity increased Positive Affect and decreased Negative Affect, regardless of the scores on Independent and Interdependent Self-construal.

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Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Wrestling Performance, and Affect Prior to Competition

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.10.1.73 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Darren C. Treasure ◽

Jeffrey Monson ◽

Curt L. Lox

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Future Research ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Somatic Anxiety ◽

Male High School ◽

Efficacy Assessment ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy, wrestling performance, and affect prior to competition. 15 minutes prior to competition, 70 male high school wrestlers (M = 16.03 years) completed a self-efficacy assessment, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), and the Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990). Self-efficacy was found to be significantly associated with positive and negative affect and cognitive and somatic anxiety. Consistent with social cognitive theory, self-efficacy was a stronger predictor of performance when the measure was process oriented rather than win-loss. The findings suggest that confusion and equivocality in the literature could be removed if researchers assessed self-efficacy in a microanalytical fashion. Future research investigating the affective antecedents of performance should go beyond merely assessing negative states and recognize the potential role positive affect may play in sport behavior.

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