ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON JUSTIFICATION OF THE RELEVANCE OF DETERMINATION OF HARMFULS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF CANDLES AND AIR EXCHANGE FOR THEIR ASSIMILATION IN ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ivanovich Eremkin ◽  
Aleksander Grigorevich Averkin ◽  
Inna Konstantinovna Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Air Exchange

scholarly journals Method of the boiler room ventilation system efficiency experimental determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Orest Voznyak ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Yurkevych ◽  
Iryna Sukholova ◽  
Oleksandr Dovbush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Air Jets ◽  
Boiler Room ◽  
Air Exchange

The issue of the normative air exchange ensuring in the premises of the boiler houses is extremely important. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of air velocity determination in the distribution of air by round and compact jets in the boiler room. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the higher accuracy of the average air flow velocity determination in small boiler rooms. The aim of the work is to develop a method for experimental determination of the efficiency of the ventilation system in the boiler room; to increase of the accuracy of the average velocity determination of the round and the compact air jets in the plane of the supply nozzle to ensure the normative air exchange of the boiler room and to substantiate of the calculation method. The characteristics and patterns of development of round and compact air jets in the premises are established and the calculated dependences are obtained. The unitless integral air velocity for the round and compact air jets in the boiler room is established. Calculation dependences for determining of the air flow rate in the boiler room have been obtained. It is substantiated that the application of the proposed method will significantly increase the accuracy of air exchange determination in the boiler rooms to ensure the required value in accordance with regulatory requirements. Also it is substantiated that to obtain satisfactory experimental results on speed measurements in the boiler room, it is necessary to measure the speed in the center of the supply nozzle several times with maximum accuracy. Then multiply the result by the relative average velocity: for a round jet vav = 0,26 and for a compact jet – vav = 0,2025. The obtained results allow to avoid a significant error (19 %) in determining the required air exchange ventilation of the boiler room. Recommendations for the practical determination of the calculated values to ensure proper ventilation of the boiler rooms are given.

scholarly journals Method of the boiler room ventilation system efficiency experimental determination

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
O. Voznyak ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yurkevych ◽  
M. Kasynets ◽  
N. Spodyniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Air Jets ◽  
Boiler Room ◽  
Room Ventilation System ◽  
Air Flow Velocity ◽  
Air Exchange

The issue of the normative air exchange ensuring in the premises of the boiler houses is extremely important. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of air velocity determination in the distribution of air by round and compact jets in the boiler room. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The research results substantiate the higher accuracy of the average air flow velocity determination in small boiler rooms. The aim of the work is to develop a method for experimental determination of the efficiency of the ventilation system in the boiler room; to increase of the accuracy of the average velocity determination of the round and the compact air jets in the plane of the supply nozzle to ensure the normative air exchange of the boiler room and to substantiate of the calculation method. The characteristics and patterns of development of round and compact air jets in the premises are established and the calculated dependences are obtained. It is substantiated that the application of the proposed method will significantly increase the accuracy of air exchange determination in the boiler rooms to ensure the required value in accordance with regulatory requirements. Recommendations for the practical determination of the calculated values to ensure proper ventilation of the boiler rooms are given.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of wind impact on religious buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1015 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
O I Poddaeva ◽  
A N Fedosova ◽  
J S Gribach
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Religious Buildings

Experimental Determination of KI for Short Internal Cracks

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bearden ◽  
J. W. Dally ◽  
R. J. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress Intensity Factors ◽  
Edge Crack ◽  
Series Solution ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Internal Crack ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Mode Stress

Since the pioneering discussion by Irwin, a significant effort has been devoted to determining stress intensity factors (K) using experimental methods. Techniques have been developed to determine stress intensity factors from photoelastic, strain gage, caustics, and moire´ data. All of these methods apply to a relatively long single-ended-edge crack. To date, the determination of K for internal cracks that are double-ended by experimental methods has not been addressed. This paper describes a photoelastic study of tension panels with both central and eccentric internal cracks. The data recorded in the experiments was analyzed using a new series solution for the opening-mode stress intensity factor for an internal crack. The data was also analyzed using the edge-crack series solution, which is currently employed in experimental studies. Results indicated that the experimental methods usually provided results accurate to within three to five percent if the series solution for the internal crack was employed in an overdeterministic numerical analysis of the data. Comparison of experimental results using the new series for the internal crack and the series for an edge crack showed the superiority of the new series.

Calculation of Technical Characteristics of the Technical Fleet Vessels Involved in Ensuring Safety of the Offshore Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S.V. Matsenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Minko ◽  
A.A. Koshelev ◽  
V.Yu. Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sea Area

Violation of industrial safety rules during the operation of offshore facilities for the production, storage and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials leads in the most cases to pollution of the marine environment with oil and its components. The works on localization and elimination of such pollution are carried out with the help of vessels of the technical support fleet and booms. When developing oil spill response plans at such facilities, a calculated determination of the technical characteristics of vessels and booms is required that are sufficient to carry out the planned activities. The basic design principles for determining the towing capacity of the technical fleet vessels involved in the localization and elimination of oil and oil product spills by trawling methods are given in the article. The calculation is based on theoretical studies performed by the authors of the physical processes occurring during the movement of objects of a mobile trawling order in the sea area. The results obtained during the course of theoretical studies were confirmed by the experimental studies carried out by the authors personally using the real pieces of equipment in the actual development of tasks for training spill containment by trawling. As a result, the empirical dependencies were obtained and experimentally confirmed, which can be used to calculate technical characteristics of the ships as part of the mobile orders and anchor systems as part of stationary orders intended for the localization and elimination of oil pollution. These results can be used, among other things, for the calculated substantiation of the technical characteristics of the technical fleet vessels designed to ensure safety of the offshore facilities for production, storage, and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials.

Influence of deforming of common rail diesel injectors parts on the fuel injection process

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Injection Cycle

Experimental studies have revealed a significant impact of deformation of Сommon Rail injector parts on the fuel supply process. High pressures alter the structure of the fuel supply cy-cle. Theforward front of the fuel supply cycle begins with the stage of unloading the deformed parts of the injector. The rear front of the fuel supply cycle ends with the stage of deformation of the injector parts. The calculated and experimental determination of cyclic fuel supply gave similar results. The developed method of determining the duration of the injection cycle stages creates a basis for experimental verification of mathematical models. Keywords: injector, Common Rail, diesel, fuel system, electronic control, needle, fuel injection

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