scholarly journals Against Epistemological Virus of Scepticism: Davidson on Objectivity of Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Kenan Šljivo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
The Way

This paper provides a short overview of approaches to epistemological issues as represented by Donald Davidson, an American philosopher. This is an attempt to analyse Davidson’s essential postulates, in order to construct a framework for understanding a highly authentic epistemological position and the way in which it appears as an antipode to the sceptical epistemological strategies. In other words – the goal is to identify a coordinate system, through a set of postulates, from which Davidson projects his epistemological attitudes. For that purpose, the paper presents the developmental process of Davidson’s epistemological thought that goes through triangulation of notions subjective, intersubjective, and objective. The paper places special emphasis on Davidson’s concentration on communicative practices and intersubjectivity as the only topoi in which the issue of objectivity can be raised.

Transcendental idealism and metaphysics: Kant’s commitment to things as they are in themselves

Kant Yearbook ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Allais
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
Metaphysical Position ◽  
The Way

Abstract One of Kant’s central central claims in the Critique of Pure Reason is that we cannot have knowledge of things as they are in themselves. This claim has been regarded as problematic in a number of ways: whether Kant is entitled to assert both that there are things in themselves and that we cannot have knowledge of them, and, more generally, what Kant’s commitment to things in themselves amounts to. A number of commentators deny that Kant is committed to there actually being an aspect of reality which we cannot cognise; they argue that he is committed merely to the idea that we cannot avoid the concept of things as they are in themselves. I will argue in this paper that while transcendental idealism is partly an epistemological position, it is also partly a metaphysical position, and in specific, that Kant is committed to the claim that the things we cognise have, in addition to the way they appear to us, a nature that is independent of us, which we cannot cognise.

Imagism's metaphors - a test case

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Aesthetic Affect ◽  
The Way

Imagism is centered on the image metaphor, and so is a valuable resource for studying this kind of metaphor. Image metaphor raises questions for any theory that sees metaphor as something conceptual. Such theories entail the rejection of truth-conditional semantics and are thus rejected by proponents of truth conditionalism, such as Donald Davidson. Imagism embodies an extreme form of image metaphor that avoids generating any clear propositional entailments. The problem it poses for conceptual theories of metaphor is thus considerable. The solution lies in the concept of the image schema as the basis of propositional reasoning. Image metaphor can be seen as displaying the matrix out of which conceptual metaphor proper itself develops. Image metaphor shows that matrix to be bound up with the nature of aesthetic affect. It thus points the way to a view of poetry that does justice to its aesthetic passion without opposing it in some absolute way to the rationality of logic and science.

scholarly journals Die Suche nach dem „wahren" sozialistischen Sozialprodukt

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (128) ◽  
pp. 463-490
Author(s):  
Bela Greskovits
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

The articles explores how the way in which wars are being waged has changed since the 19th century. Its main focus is on ground warfare. Warfare, according to the thesis advocated in the article, has become industrialized within a few decades. One of the consequences was that since then only rarely battles have been lead face to face. Another result was a change in the way the military had to prepare for war. After presenting a short overview the articles proceeds to deal with objectification tendencies in regard to death, which also began to develop in pre-industrial periods.

Taking risks to improve safety? Workplace learning in anesthesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
Lucie Cuvelier
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Workplace Learning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Case Based ◽  
The Way

PurposePrevious results show that the anesthetists’ activity during the planning phase is aimed at neither identifying risks nor pinpointing the adverse events likely to occur; rather, it is to devise “manageable situations” that are adapted to their own competences. The present paper focuses on the issue of understanding how, in practice, these “manageable situations” are constructed. In particular it wonders if a link between the seniority of anesthetists and the way they design these “manageable situations” may be established.Design/methodology/approachThe paper sought to answer these questions through a qualitative study conducted in partnership with anesthetists. The method, combining interviews and case-based simulation, required that 20 anesthetists “thought aloud”.FindingsResults show that the anesthetists sometimes selected a solution that they themselves and experts viewed as riskier. Why? And who selects a riskier solution? The answer is about workplace learning and the continuous development of experience-based competences. “Manageable situations” appear to be planned situations so as to propose solutions adapted not only to present competences but also for future competences to be developed. In that sense, they are part of a developmental process at work.Originality/valueThese findings have implications for practice and they open pathways for further research studies. They call for rethinking the link between experience and workplace learning.

Home Page: Welcome to the Pathways Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Miles Foley
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Home Page ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Way

This chapter gives a short overview of the Pathways Project, its aims and objectives, and its media of choice. The major purpose of the Pathways Project is to illustrate and explain the fundamental similarities and correspondences between humankind's oldest and newest thought-technologies: oral tradition and the Internet. This chapter argues that both technologies are alike, and furthermore that they have an advantage over the traditional media of books in that they “mine the way we think” by processing along pathways within a network. Finally, the chapter maps out the structure of the Pathways Project, both in the form of its website, and in this book.

FORMING THE FUNCTIONAL TIME IN PROCESS OF BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCE EXCHANGE BETWEEN CELLS IN A MULTICELLULAR SYSTEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 1250099
Author(s):  
DRAGUTIN T. MIHAILOVIĆ ◽  
IGOR BALAŽ
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
System States ◽  
Biochemical Substance ◽  
Chronological Time ◽  
The Way ◽  
Multicellular System

In this paper, we shortly summarized current attitudes about time in biology and then we considered the functional time and the way of its emergence. To illustrate that, we chose the simulation of forming the functional time in the process of biochemical substance exchange between three cells in a multicellular system. For that purpose π-cell coordinate system is introduced. Finally, we established a functional time barcode which is a representation of system states through the chronological time, which shows data about the process of intercellular biochemical substance exchange to which it attaches. It represents states by varying the widths and spaces of parallel lines, where system is either synchronized or not.

Anglophone Historicisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-346
Author(s):  
Mark Bevir ◽  
Naomi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the place of historicism in Anglophone and especially analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophy arose as part of a general modernist revolt against the developmental historicisms of the nineteenth century with their faith in progress. Modernism inspired more formal approaches to knowledge, philosophy, and the human sciences. It is, however, a mistake to assume the rise of modernism and analytic philosophy left no space for historicism. Three main traditions of historicism continued to persist in Anglophone philosophy through the twentieth century. First, the lingering presence of idealism continued to inspire the historicism of philosophers such as R. G. Collingwood and later Charles Taylor. Second, modernist historians, such as Quentin Skinner, sometimes grabbed at arguments from analytic philosophy to defend their methodological agendas. Third, the rise of holistic themes in analytic philosophy opened the way to historicist moments and themes in philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Donald Davidson, and Richard Rorty.

“... goaded perhaps by Parmenides” – Preliminaries to a Platonic Problem

Conceptus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (97) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Hrachovec
Keyword(s):  
Predicate Logic ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Unity Of Propositions ◽  
Present Understanding

SummaryDonald Davidson, in his Truth and Predication, suggests that Plato’s concern with “gluing together” subject and predicate in assertive sentences might be traced back to Parmenides. Taking his lead this paper discusses the connection, proceeding in three steps. A short overview of the literature on Parmenides’ fragment B2 will be given and a Davidsonian move to reduce the complexity of the hermeneutical situation will be proposed. Secondly, given this reduction, a Parmenideian tableaux will be put forward and compared to our present understanding of elementary propositional and predicate logic. This will provide the basis for the concluding discussion of Plato’s characteristic transformation of Parmenides’ dictum into the bundle of arguments that give rise to the problem of the unity of propositions.

scholarly journals Self-Reproduction Cycles of Living Matter and Energetics of Human Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Evegen'evich Popov
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Medicine Management ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
The Way

In the author's opinion, many global problems that face humanity - in the fields of education, medicine, management etc can be tackled more effectively if the cyclic nature of self-reproducing systems – including living beings – is taken into account. Summarizing the main physiological findings of the last decades on "adaptation reactions", one can very roughly say that the way of action which is effective in the sense of productive activity of people happens at the same time to be healthy, and it gives the participants of the process the feeling of happiness. The present paper represents a very short overview of the contemporary concepts of the adaptation reactions based on the fundamental understanding of their cyclic nature due to general properties of self-reproducing systems. One interesting feature of self-reproduction cycles is its first "phase of orientation" which was not discussed in detail in the past but plays a key role in the whole cycle.

scholarly journals The use of scientific knowledge in the decision making process of environmental public policies in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Carneiro ◽  
Teresa da Silva Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Way

The way policy makers mobilize scientific knowledge in order to formulate environmental policies is important for understanding the developmental process of environmental policies. Some biodiversity conservation policies, such as those establishing the conservation units and laws on the regulation of land use in protected areas, were selected as objects of analysis. The aim was to see whether political decision makers are supported by scientific knowledge or not. Based on interviews with technical staff from governmental institutions, politicians and scientists, this study analyzed the way the knowledge is mobilized by policy makers concerning measures related to biodiversity conservation in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We have concluded that environmental policy makers do not normally use the knowledge produced by scientific and academic institutions. Rather than being based on a systematic bibliographic research on environmental issues, the decisions are supported either by personal experience or by expert advice. The measures under analysis were not supported by evidence based on knowledge but motivated by political or economic interests. Paradoxically, policy makers consider themselves sufficiently well informed to make decisions concerning the policy to be implemented.

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