Imagism's metaphors - a test case

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Aesthetic Affect ◽  
The Way

Imagism is centered on the image metaphor, and so is a valuable resource for studying this kind of metaphor. Image metaphor raises questions for any theory that sees metaphor as something conceptual. Such theories entail the rejection of truth-conditional semantics and are thus rejected by proponents of truth conditionalism, such as Donald Davidson. Imagism embodies an extreme form of image metaphor that avoids generating any clear propositional entailments. The problem it poses for conceptual theories of metaphor is thus considerable. The solution lies in the concept of the image schema as the basis of propositional reasoning. Image metaphor can be seen as displaying the matrix out of which conceptual metaphor proper itself develops. Image metaphor shows that matrix to be bound up with the nature of aesthetic affect. It thus points the way to a view of poetry that does justice to its aesthetic passion without opposing it in some absolute way to the rationality of logic and science.

Internal marketing of attitudes in Caribbean tourism

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Tourism ◽  
The Way

Tourism is the mainstay of the Caribbean and the attitude of the people in the region may have a significant impact on the success of the industry. This paper analyzes the way in which tourism authorities of three Caribbean destinations have internally marketed tourism to their host populations in order to encourage the desired attitudinal expressions. A matrix of five possible responses to tourism was developed and each of the three countries was found to occupy different positions in the matrix. An analysis of the internal marketing strategies determined that the countries adopted different approaches based on their particular challenges but none of the approaches had achieved lasting success. The study concludes with recommendations for future research.

Epítetos e insultos de grupo en español: Sobre una ambigüedad y sus implicaciones sintáctico-semánticas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-205
Author(s):  
Andrés Saab ◽  
Eleonora Orlando
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Syntactic Ambiguity ◽  
Structural Ambiguity ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Expressive Content ◽  
Conventional Implicatures ◽  
Expressive Dimension ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Proper Analysis ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this paper, we further elaborate on a syntactic ambiguity between slurs and epithets first noticed in Orlando, Eleonora & Andrés Saab. 2020b. A stereotype semantics for syntactically ambiguous slurs. Analytic Philosophy 61(2). 101–129. Here, we discuss in detail the large theoretical implications of such an ambiguity both for the proper analysis of binominal constructions in Spanish (e.g., el idiota de Juan) and for the way in which it is advisable to model the expressive content slurs and certain epithets (those deriving from slurs) have. As for the first aspect, we contend that mainstream approaches in terms of predicate inversion for binominal constructions cannot account for why slurs lose their predicative import when occurring as epithets in binominal environments. In consequence, we propose a new analysis for epithets both in simple occurrences and in binominal constructions. This analysis derives the above-mentioned ambiguity as a type of structural ambiguity, according to which certain slurs can occur in predicative and in non-predicative positions. When they occur as predicates, they have a mixed semantics (McCready, Eric. 2010. Varieties of conventional implicatures. Semantics & Pragmatics 3. 1–57) reflected both in the truth-conditional and the expressive dimensions, but when they occur as epithets, the truth-conditional dimension is lost and only the expressive content survives. As for the second aspect, we defend a stereotype semantics, according to which stereotypes are modeled as Kratzerian modal bases (i.e., set of propositions) in virtue of which stigmatizing theories of human groups are reflected in a parallel, expressive dimension of meaning. This way of modeling some kinds of expressive contents explains how different slurs and epithets manage to communicate different theories about particular human groups, which are the target of derogation.

scholarly journals A marriage of convenience or an amicable divorce: Metaphorical blends in the debates on Brexit

ExELL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sanja Berberović ◽  
Mersina Mujagić
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Discourse Coherence ◽  
The Way

Abstract The paper investigates the interaction of conceptual blending and conceptual metaphor in producing figurative creativity in discourse. The phenomenon of figurative creativity is defined by Kövecses (2005) as creativity arising through the cognitive mechanisms of metonymy, metaphor, and blending. Specifically, the paper examines the use of creative figurative language in the British public discourse on the topic on Brexit. The aim of this paper is to show that conventional metaphors can be creatively stretched through conceptual blending, producing instances of creative figurative language. Specifically, applying blending theory, we will analyse innovative conceptual blends, motivated by the conventional marriage/divorce metaphor. In addition, the paper also examines the way in which creative figurative language produced in metaphorical blends provides discourse coherence at intertextual and intratextual levels.

Introduction: The Alchemy of War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Thomas Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Political Capital ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Similar Idea ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Emotional Capital ◽  
The Way

This chapter asserts that a recurring theme throughout the history of war — although not necessarily always the most prominent one — concerns the efforts of belligerents to somehow limit, minimize or evade the various liabilities associated with its conduct. It argues that vicarious warfare is an extreme form of the strategic alchemy, and contemporary America is its most enthusiastic guild. The chapter then elaborates the symbol of the squared circle in alchemy which represented the elements that would combine to create the philosopher's stone. It employs a similar idea to capture the way actors seek to 'produce' less burdensome wars through reduced costs and requirements, whether in terms of, among other things, blood, treasure, political capital or material resources. In war, this translates into a form of denial with regard to the serious costs that might have to be incurred or the level of investments in material, social, political and even emotional capital required to realize objectives, resulting in a mismatch between ends and means. Ultimately, the chapter charts the emergence of America's general preference to fight its wars: delegating fighting to proxies, limiting the exposure of its own military forces to danger, and operating in the shadows through the use of special forces, covert practices and evolving offensive cyber techniques.

Inferentialism, Logicism, Harmony, and a Counterpoint

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Neil Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Natural Logic ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Crispin Wright ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Way

Inferentialism is explained as an attempt to provide an account of meaning that is more sensitive (than the tradition of truth-conditional theorizing deriving from Tarski and Davidson) to what is learned when one masters meanings. The logically reformist inferentialism of Dummett and Prawitz is contrasted with the more recent quietist inferentialism of Brandom. Various other issues are highlighted for inferentialism in general, by reference to which different kinds of inferentialism can be characterized. Inferentialism for the logical operators is explained, with special reference to the Principle of Harmony. The statement of that principle in the author’s book Natural Logic is fine-tuned here in the way obviously required in order to bar an interesting would-be counterexample furnished by Crispin Wright, and to stave off any more of the same.

Squaring Pragmatism with Linguistic Meaning

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-77
Author(s):  
John Collins
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Way

This chapter has three major tasks. Firstly, I show how the conception of linguistic pragmatism on offer squares with certain features of standard truth-conditional approaches to meaning, especially as regards compositionality. Secondly, pace some recent semantic proposals, I argue that the properties of the Saxon genitive (e.g., Sally’s car) and adnominal adjectival attributions (e.g., red pen) are referentially open in the way I argued in the previous chapter. The third task involves sketching the kind of role I take syntax to play in fixing linguistic meaning and how the argument-adjunct distinction operates in regards to my core claims.

Cure-dependent thermomechanical modelling of the stress relaxation behaviour of composite materials during manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brauner ◽  
Tim Frerich ◽  
Axel S Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Relaxation Behaviour ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Transversally Isotropic ◽  
Transfer Moulding

This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism behind process-induced distortions and stresses related to the Resin Transfer Moulding manufacturing process. The objective is to comprehend the phenomena and to identify related parameters. During the manufacturing process, engineering constants of the matrix are changing and are influenced by the existence of a large number of effects. A viscoelastic material model has been derived. This developed material model integrates a dependency of the time–temperature–polymerisation and fibre volume content on the relaxation behaviour of residual stresses in a transversally isotropic reinforced material. The model is validated using a test case on the coupon level and results / limitations are discussed.

Visual metaphor in extended conceptual metaphor theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Visual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Way

Abstract My goal in the paper is to examine a variety of visual experiences that appear to evoke visual metaphors. This is a range of experience types that extends from “sign-like” visual experiences to “non-sign-like” visual experiences. I propose that visual metaphors are evoked by paintings through winner’s podiums all the way to cityscapes and scenes in nature. The latter two (non-sign-like) cases, cityscapes and natural scenes, are not commonly subjected to serious examination from a CMT perspective. However, they provide us with new challenges in the study of visual metaphors, since they greatly extend the range of visual experience that might give rise to visual metaphors. I suggest, further, that the comprehension or interpretation of all of these visual experiences, including sign-like and non-sign-like alike, makes use of the same metaphorical processing mechanisms. The visual metaphors that are evoked by visual experiences can be based either on correlations or resemblance.

scholarly journals A Geometric Newton Method for Oja's Vector Field

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Absil ◽  
M. Ishteva ◽  
L. De Lathauwer ◽  
S. Van Huffel
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Newton Method ◽  
Newton’S Method ◽  
Matrix Equation ◽  
Orthogonal Group ◽  
Newton's Method ◽  
Newton Algorithm ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Geometric Techniques ◽  
The Way

Newton's method for solving the matrix equation [Formula: see text] runs up against the fact that its zeros are not isolated. This is due to a symmetry of F by the action of the orthogonal group. We show how differential-geometric techniques can be exploited to remove this symmetry and obtain a “geometric” Newton algorithm that finds the zeros of F. The geometric Newton method does not suffer from the degeneracy issue that stands in the way of the original Newton method.

The concept of America in the Puritan mind

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Csabi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Mary Rowlandson ◽  
Cotton Mather ◽  
William Byrd ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on the conceptualization of America in Puritan prose works. My assumption is that, with the help of a multitextual approach, i.e. the consideration of several prose works from several authors of the Puritan era, such as William Bradford, William Byrd, John Cotton, Edward Johnson, Cotton Mather, Mary Rowlandson, Thomas Shepard, William Stoughton and John Winthrop, we can develop a detailed account of the way Puritans understood their immigration experiences. My analysis is presented within the framework of conceptual metaphor analysis as proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Lakoff and Turner (1989), and of conceptual blending analysis as given by Fauconnier and Turner (1998). The two methods complement each other and combine our knowledge of the Puritan concept of America present in various literary texts.

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