The Application of Fluid Dynamics to Probability States in Superfluid Spacetime

The possibility that spacetime has the characteristics of a superfluid suggests that the relationship between velocity and time may be modeled in terms of percolation theory, where time dilation corresponds to increasing fluid viscosity. By equating superfluid percolation through a porous medium to conductance in a random resistor network, it was previously shown that the Lorentz factor corresponds to a probability function describing a phase transition to normal fluid. The current paper discusses how this novel linkage of momentum, time, and probability may provide a means of resolving conflicts between quantum mechanics and relativity theory.

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Is the Lorentz Factor a Probability Function in Superfluid Spacetime?

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v8n3p1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jerome Cantor

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Porous Media ◽

Percolation Theory ◽

Probability Function ◽

Lorentz Factor ◽

Normal Fluid ◽

Random Resistor Network ◽

Resistor Network ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insulating Properties

<p class="1Body">A number of studies indicate that spacetime may have properties resembling that of a superfluid, suggesting that percolation theory may provide a useful approach to studying the relationship between velocity and time. By hypothesizing that the effect described by the Lorentz factor may represent an increase in the viscosity of spacetime, it was possible to model time dilation in terms of the movement of a fluid through porous media. Using a random resistor network to equate superfluid percolation with conductance, it is shown that the Lorentz factor corresponds to a probability function involving the phase transition of the superfluid to a normal fluid with insulating properties.</p>

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Effects of surface tension and viscosity on airway reopening

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1990.69.1.74 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 74-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

D. P. Gaver ◽

R. W. Samsel ◽

J. Solway

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Fluid Viscosity ◽

Opening Pressure ◽

Viscous Forces ◽

Considerable Portion ◽

Airway Opening ◽

Wall Compliance ◽

Large Opening ◽

Surface Tension Forces ◽

The Relationship

We studied airway opening in a benchtop model intended to mimic bronchial walls held in apposition by airway lining fluid. We measured the relationship between the airway opening velocity (U) and the applied airway opening pressure in thin-walled polyethylene tubes of different radii (R) using lining fluids of different surface tensions (gamma) and viscosities (mu). Axial wall tension (T) was applied to modify the apparent wall compliance characteristics, and the lining film thickness (H) was varied. Increasing mu or gamma or decreasing R or T led to an increase in the airway opening pressures. The effect of H depended on T: when T was small, opening pressures increased slightly as H was decreased; when T was large, opening pressure was independent of H. Using dimensional analysis, we found that the relative importance of viscous and surface tension forces depends on the capillary number (Ca = microU/gamma). When Ca is small, the opening pressure is approximately 8 gamma/R and acts as an apparent “yield pressure” that must be exceeded before airway opening can begin. When Ca is large (Ca greater than 0.5), viscous forces add appreciably to the overall opening pressures. Based on these results, predictions of airway opening times suggest that airway closure can persist through a considerable portion of inspiration when lining fluid viscosity or surface tension are elevated.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF AMNIOTIC FLUID VISCOSITY TO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN LAMBS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.38.5.858 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 858-864

Author(s):

Arthur J. Moss ◽

Ovidio Rettori ◽

Norman S. Simmons

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

In Utero ◽

Fluid Viscosity ◽

Lung Expansion ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Length Of Gestation

The viscosity of amniotic fluid was measured in 52 ewes and the results correlated with the postnatal course of the lambs delivered by cesarean section. Viscosity was not related to length of gestation or to the immediate prepartum condition of the ewe, but a definite relationship was found between amniotic fluid viscosity (AFV) and the postnatal course of the fetus. Of 22 lambs considered viable, 9 failed to survive. In 10 of the 13 survivors, AFV was less than 1.6; whereas in the nonsurvivors, AFV varied between 1.6 and 4.4. All of the nonsurvivors experienced respiratory difficulty associated with copious amounts of extremely viscous secretions in the mouth and oropharynx. The substance responsible for the high AFV was a mucoprotein and was detectable in all samples with a viscosity of 1.24 or more but in none with a viscosity below 1.24. The data suggest the possibility that fetal distress may induce qualitative or quantitative alterations of fetal mucous secretions in utero which subsequently could impede lung expansion at birth.

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Minimum current in the two-component random resistor network

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.46.12137 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (19) ◽

pp. 12137-12141 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. W. Yu ◽

P. Y. Tong

Keyword(s):

Random Resistor Network ◽

Resistor Network ◽

Two Component

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A (not so) random walk through hydrological space and time

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-428 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Berkowitz

Keyword(s):

Random Walk ◽

Percolation Theory ◽

Statistical Physics ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Self Organization ◽

Philosophical Perspective ◽

Guiding Principle ◽

Patterns And Processes ◽

Temporal Measures ◽

The Relationship

<p>A key philosophical perspective in science is that nature obeys general laws. Identification of these laws involves integration of system conceptualization, observation, experimentation and quantification. This perspective was a guiding principle of John Dalton&#8217;s research as he searched for patterns and common behaviors; he performed a broad range of experiments in chemistry and physics, and he entered over 200,000 observations in his&#160;meteorological diary during a period of 57 years. In this spirit, we examine general concepts based largely on statistical physics &#8211; universality, criticality, self-organization, and the relationship between spatial and temporal measures &#8211; and demonstrate how they meaningfully describe patterns and processes of fluid flow and chemical transport in hydrological systems. We discuss examples that incorporate random walks, percolation theory, fractals, and thermodynamics in analyses of hydrological systems &#8211; aquifers, soil environments and catchments &#8211; to quantify what appear to be universal dynamic behaviors and characterizations.</p>

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The nested structure of urban business clusters

Applied Network Science ◽

10.1007/s41109-019-0246-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clémentine Cottineau ◽

Elsa Arcaute

Keyword(s):

Percolation Theory ◽

Probability Function ◽

Joint Probability ◽

City Region ◽

Economic Activities ◽

National Statistics ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Nested Structure ◽

Nested Hierarchy ◽

Joint Probability Function

AbstractAlthough the cluster theory literature is bountiful in economics and regional science, there is still a lack of understanding of how the geographical scales of analysis (neighbourhood, city, region) relate to one another and impact the observed phenomenon, and to which extent the clusters are industrially coherent or geographically consistent. In this paper, we cluster spatial economic activities through a multi-scalar approach making use of percolation theory. We consider both the industrial similarity and the geographical proximity between firms, through their joint probability function which is constructed as a copula. This gives rise to an emergent nested hierarchy of geoindustrial clusters, which enables us to analyse the relationships between the different scales, and specific industrial sectors. Using longitudinal business microdata from the Office for National Statistics, we look at the evolution of clusters which spans from very local groups of businesses to the metropolitan level, in 2007 and in 2014, so that the changes stemming from the financial crisis can be observed.

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The relationship between 'normal' fluid retention in women and idiopathic oedema.

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/pgmj.66.775.363 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 66 (775) ◽

pp. 363-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. W. Denning ◽

M. G. Dunnigan ◽

J. Tillman ◽

J. A. Davis ◽

C. A. Forrest

Keyword(s):

Fluid Retention ◽

Normal Fluid ◽

The Relationship

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A Percolative Approach to Electromigration Modelling

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-612-d2.7.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 612 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Pennetta ◽

L. Reggiani ◽

Gy. Trefán ◽

F. Fantini ◽

A. Scorzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Model ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

Early Stage ◽

Random Resistor Network ◽

Resistor Network ◽

Metallic Interconnects ◽

Compositional Effects ◽

The Times ◽

Log Normal ◽

Log Normal Distribution

AbstractWe present a stochastic model which simulates electromigration damage in metallic interconnects by biased percolation of a random resistor network. The main features of experiments including Black's law and the log-normal distribution of the times to failure are well reproduced together with compositional effects showing up in early stage measurements made on Al-0.5%Cu and Al-1%Si lines.

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