scholarly journals Biomechanical and Physiological Conditions Influence Erythrocytes - Erythrocyte Adhesion. An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Elblbesy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Erythrocyte Adhesion ◽  
Inverted Microscope ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simple Flow

Erythrocyte - erythrocyte adhesion (EEA) is of the large interest since it will effect directly on its function and interaction with other organs. Also, erythrocytes adhesion may arise erythrocytes aggregation which has a significant effect on the hemodynamic mechanism. The present study is aimed at examining the effect of erythrocytes mechanical properties on their adhesion. In addition, the impact of the physiological conditions around erythrocytes on their adhesion will be evaluated. A simple flow compartment technique built on inverted microscope was used to calculate adhesion number (AN) of erythrocytes which reflects the ability of erythrocytes to adhere to each other. AN was correlated strongly to shear rate and erythrocyte deformation index. Shape parameters of erythrocytes (Radius and volume) were found to play a major role in EEA. The concentration of the main plasma proteins (fibrinogen and albumin) were determined to have a significant effect on EEA. The results obtained in this study give the attention that other factors rather than particle diameter and work of adhesion may effect on erythrocytes adhesion.

scholarly journals Regulation of Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) by NO/sGC/PKG Participates in the Control of Hepatic Insulin Response

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Bassot ◽  
Marie-Agnès Chauvin ◽  
Nadia Bendridi ◽  
Jingwei Ji-Cao ◽  
Guillaume Vial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Huh7 Cells ◽  
The Impact

Under physiological conditions, nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) upregulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. Recently, contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria named mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) emerged as a crucial hub for insulin signaling in the liver. As mitochondria are targets of NO, we explored whether NO regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity by targeting MAMs. In Huh7 cells, primary rat hepatocytes and mouse livers, enhancing NO concentration increased MAMs, whereas inhibiting eNOS decreased them. In vitro, those effects were prevented by inhibiting protein kinase G (PKG) and mimicked by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and PKG. In agreement with the regulation of MAMs, increasing NO concentration improved insulin signaling, both in vitro and in vivo, while eNOS inhibition disrupted this response. Finally, inhibition of insulin signaling by wortmannin did not affect the impact of NO on MAMs, while experimental MAM disruption, using either targeted silencing of cyclophilin D or the overexpression of the organelle spacer fetal and adult testis-expressed 1 (FATE-1), significantly blunted the effects of NO on both MAMs and insulin response. Therefore, under physiological conditions, NO participates to the regulation of MAM integrity through the sGC/PKG pathway and concomitantly improves hepatic insulin sensitivity. Altogether, our data suggest that the induction of MAMs participate in the impact of NO on hepatocyte insulin response.

scholarly journals In vitro Remote Aspiration Embolectomy for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Asim Rizvi ◽  
Sean T. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kent D. Carlson ◽  
Dan Dragomir Daescu ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Collateral Branch ◽  
Proximal Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Glass Model ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Impact

Background: “Remote aspiration,” using suction from the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) to open terminus occlusions, has been reported in small case series. However, it remains unclear whether remote aspiration is feasible for middle cerebral artery occlusions in the setting of potential inflow from communicating arteries. We performed an in vitro study to assess whether suction applied at various locations proximal to an occlusion could successfully aspirate the clot. Methods: A glass model of 4 mm inner diameter (ID) with 1 mm distal narrowing and 2 mm side branch to simulate a communicating artery was constructed. A proximal side branch was placed to simulate inflow from the proximal ICA. The impact of three different-sized catheters (ID 0.088, 0.070, and 0.056 in) on histologically different (red blood cell-cell rich, fibrin-rich, and mixed) clot analogues was tested with the catheter tip placed remotely either distal or proximal to the collateral branch. Aspiration was attempted with (1) open system (flow in both the ICA and the collateral branch, (2) flow arrest with open collateral (no flow in the ICA, but flow in the collateral branch), and (3) closed system (no flow in either the ICA or the collateral branch). The outcome was success or failure of remote aspiration. Results: For the 0.088-in catheter, remote aspiration was successful in all conditions. For the 0.070-in catheter, remote aspiration was unsuccessful without proximal flow arrest, but was successful in all other scenarios. For the 0.056-in catheter, remote aspiration was successful only with complete flow arrest. Conclusions: In a noncollapsible system, remote aspiration can be successfully achieved even in the setting of prominent branch arteries by using relatively large aspiration catheters. Proximal flow arrest may facilitate successful remote aspiration for some catheter sizes.

scholarly journals Differential uptake of three clinically relevant allergens by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Zurmühl ◽  
Anna Schmitt ◽  
Ulrike Formentini ◽  
Johannes Weiss ◽  
Heike Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Der P 1 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have a dual role as interferon-producing and antigen-presenting cells. Their relevance for allergic diseases is controversial. and the impact of pDC on allergic immune responses is poorly understood. Methods This in vitro study on human pDC isolated from peripheral blood was designed to compare side by side the uptake of three clinically relevant representative allergens: fluorochrome-labeled house dust mite Der p 1, Bee venom extract from Apis mellifera (Api) and the food allergen OVA analyzed flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results We found that the internalization and its regulation by TLR9 ligation was significantly different between allergens in terms of time course and strength of uptake. Api and OVA uptake in pDC of healthy subjects was faster and reached higher levels than Der p 1 uptake. CpG ODN 2006 suppressed OVA uptake and to a lesser extent Der p 1, while Api internalization was not affected. All allergens colocalized with LAMP1 and EEA1, with Api being internalized particularly fast and reaching highest intracellular levels in pDC. Of note, we could not determine any specific differences in antigen uptake in allergic compared with healthy subjects. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study that directly compares uptake regulation of clinically relevant inhalative, injective and food allergens in pDC. Our findings may help to explain differences in the onset and severity of allergic reactions as well as in the efficiency of AIT.

The impact of stent design on the structural mechanics of the crossing Y-stent: an in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Seong-Ho Park ◽  
Chang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Goetz Benndorf
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Structural Mechanics ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Stent Design ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽  
Georgia Saxami ◽  
Emmanuela Stamoulou ◽  
Evangelia Kerezoudi ◽  
Eirini Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of alpha/beta and LET d on relative biological effectiveness in scanned proton beams: An in vitro study based on human cell lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 3691-3702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Mara ◽  
Monika Clausen ◽  
Suphalak Khachonkham ◽  
Simon Deycmar ◽  
Clara Pessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Impact

Biocompatibility of a Conventional Glass Ionomer, Ceramic Reinforced Glass Ionomer, Giomer and Resin Composite to Fibroblasts: In vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tamilselvam ◽  
MJ Divyanand ◽  
P Neelakantan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Objective: This aim of this study was at compare the fibroblast cytotoxicicty of four restorative materials - a conventional glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji Type II GIC), a ceramic reinforced glass ionomer cement (Amalgomer), a giomer (Beautifil II) and a resin composite (Filtek Z350) at three different time periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). Method: The succinyl dehydrogenase (MTT) assay was employed. Cylindrical specimens of each material (n=15) were prepared and stored in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, following which L929 fibroblasts were cultured in 96 well plates. After 24 hours of incubation, the MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability. The method was repeated after 48 and 72 hours. The impact of materials and exposure times on cytotoxicity of fibroblasts was statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA (P=0.05). Results: Both time and material had an impact on cell viability, with giomer demonstrating the maximum cell viability at all time periods. The cell viability in the giomer group was significantly different from all other materials at 24 and 72 hours (P&lt;0.05), while at 48 hours giomer was significantly different only with resin composite (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Giomers showed better biocompatibility than conventional and ceramic reinforced glass ionomer cements and, resin composite. Ceramic reinforced glass ionomer demonstrated superior biocompatibility compared to conventional glass ionomer.

scholarly journals Testing the impact of discoplasty on the biomechanics of the intervertebral disc with simulated degeneration: An in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Techens ◽  
Marco Palanca ◽  
Peter Endre Éltes ◽  
Áron Lazáry ◽  
Luca Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
The Impact
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