scholarly journals Reduction of CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete-Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Negative Growth

Use of fossil fuels in modern societies results in CO2 emissions which, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, increase environmental degradation and climate changes. Carbon dioxide emissions in a society are strongly related with energy consumption and economic growth, being influenced also from energy intensity, population growth, crude oil and CO2 prices as well as the composition of energy mix and the percentage of renewable energies in it.The last years in Greece, the severe economic crisis has affected all sectors of the economy, has reduced the available income of the citizens and has changed the consumers’ behavior including the consumption of energy in all the activities. Analysis of the available data in the region of Crete over the period 2007-2013 has shown a significant decrease of energy consumption and CO2 emissions due to energy use by 25.90% compared with the reduction of national G.D.P. per capita over the same period by 25.45% indicating the coupling of those emissions with the negative growth of the economy. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Crete in 2013 are estimated at 4.96 tons. Main contributors of those emissions in the same year were electricity generation from fuel and heating oil by 64.85%, heating sector by 3.23% and transportation by 31.92%.

Impact of urbanization on per capita energy use and emissions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Haldar ◽  
Gautam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of urbanization on per capita energy consumption and emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach The present study analyses the effects of urbanization on energy consumption patterns by using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology in India. Time series data from the period of 1960 to 2015 has been considered for the analysis. Variables including Population, GDP per capita, Energy intensity, share of industry in GDP, share of Services in GDP, total energy use and urbanization from World Bank data sources have been used for investigating the relationship between urbanization, affluence and energy use. Findings Energy demand is positively related to affluence (economic growth). Further the results of the analysis also suggest that, as urbanization, GDP and population are bound to increase in the future, consequently resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions caused by increased energy demand and consumption. Thus, reducing the energy intensity is key to energy security and lower carbon dioxide emissions for India. Research limitations/implications The study will have important policy implications for India’s energy sector transition toward non- conventional, clean energy sources in the wake of growing share of its population residing in urban spaces. Originality/value There are limited number of studies considering the impacts of population density on per capita energy use. So this study also contributes methodologically by establishing per capita energy use as a function of population density and technology (i.e. growth rates of industrial and service sector).

scholarly journals THE LONG-RUN IMPACT OF ENERGY USE, INCOME AND TRADE ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN MERCOSUR MEMBER STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dellachiesa ◽  
Tunhsiang Edward Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Using a heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis, this study examines the long-run impacts of income, trade, and energy use on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay between 1970 − 2008. Results show that the long-run impact of those factors on CO2 emissions; particularly trade, changed following the establishment of the Mercosur regional free trade agreement in 1991. The results also suggest that increasing the level of openness, after removing barriers to trade and encouraging investments in transportation infrastructure, created positive effects in the reduction of CO2 emissions post-Mercosur. Our findings indicate that the enhancement and increase in utilization of the region’s inland waterway system could shift the Mercosur’s transport matrix towards more economical transportation modes that generates positive effects on the environment.

Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis In Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (68) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Essa Alhannom ◽  
Ghaleb Mushabab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Yemen and the causal relationships between Carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness, and industrial share to GDP. ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model, and Toda-Yamamoto procedure to Granger causality techniques were employed on annual data covering the period from 1990 to 2010. long run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants with significant effects for per capita GDP and trade openness, whereas, energy consumption and trade openness appear to be important determinants of CO2 emissions in the short run. Besides, based on Narayan and Narayan (2010) approach, it is found that the EKC hypothesis does not hold in Yemen and therefore the effect of per capita income on CO2 emissions is monotonically increasing. Toda-Yamamoto causality test proved the existence of bidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between energy consumption and economic growth, and between trade openness and energy consumption

scholarly journals The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7373-7389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stohl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Most atmospheric scientists agree that greenhouse gas emissions have already caused significant changes to the global climate system and that these changes will accelerate in the near future. At the same time, atmospheric scientists who – like other scientists – rely on international collaboration and information exchange travel a lot and, thereby, cause substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the employees working at an atmospheric research institute (the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU) caused by all types of business travel (conference visits, workshops, field campaigns, instrument maintainance, etc.) were calculated for the years 2005–2007. It is estimated that more than 90% of the emissions were caused by air travel, 3% by ground travel and 5% by hotel usage. The travel-related annual emissions were between 1.9 and 2.4 t CO2 per employee or between 3.9 and 5.5 t CO2 per scientist. For comparison, the total annual per capita CO2 emissions are 4.5 t worldwide, 1.2 t for India, 3.8 t for China, 5.9 t for Sweden and 19.1 t for Norway. The travel-related CO2 emissions of a NILU scientist, occurring in 24 days of a year on average, exceed the global average annual per capita emission. Norway's per-capita CO2 emissions are among the highest in the world, mostly because of the emissions from the oil industry. If the emissions per NILU scientist derived in this paper are taken as representative for the average Norwegian researcher, travel by Norwegian scientists would nevertheless account for a substantial 0.2% of Norway's total CO2 emissions. Since most of the travel-related emissions are due to air travel, water vapor emissions, ozone production and contrail formation further increase the relative importance of NILU's travel in terms of radiative forcing.

Carbon dioxide emissions from non-energy use of fossil fuels: Summary of key issues and conclusions from the country analyses

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Patel ◽  
Maarten Neelis ◽  
Dolf Gielen ◽  
Jos Olivier ◽  
Tim Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Key Issues

scholarly journals Contribution of air conditioning adoption to future energy use under global warming

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 5962-5967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas W. Davis ◽  
Paul J. Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Action

As household incomes rise around the world and global temperatures go up, the use of air conditioning is poised to increase dramatically. Air conditioning growth is expected to be particularly strong in middle-income countries, but direct empirical evidence is scarce. In this paper we use high-quality microdata from Mexico to describe the relationship between temperature, income, and air conditioning. We describe both how electricity consumption increases with temperature given current levels of air conditioning, and how climate and income drive air conditioning adoption decisions. We then combine these estimates with predicted end-of-century temperature changes to forecast future energy consumption. Under conservative assumptions about household income, our model predicts near-universal saturation of air conditioning in all warm areas within just a few decades. Temperature increases contribute to this surge in adoption, but income growth by itself explains most of the increase. What this will mean for electricity consumption and carbon dioxide emissions depends on the pace of technological change. Continued advances in energy efficiency or the development of new cooling technologies could reduce the energy consumption impacts. Similarly, growth in low-carbon electricity generation could mitigate the increases in carbon dioxide emissions. However, the paper illustrates the enormous potential impacts in this sector, highlighting the importance of future research on adaptation and underscoring the urgent need for global action on climate change.

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity of Factors Influencing CO2 Emissions in China’s High-Energy-Intensive Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8304
Author(s):  
Shijie Yang ◽  
Yunjia Wang ◽  
Rongqing Han ◽  
Yong Chang ◽  
Xihua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

In recent years, China has overtaken the United States as the world’s largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emitter. CO2 emissions from high-energy-intensive industries account for more than three-quarters of the total industrial carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, it is important to enhance our understanding of the main factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions in high-energy-intensive industries. In this paper, we firstly explore the main factors affecting CO2 emissions in high-energy-intensive industries, including industrial structure, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), population, technological progress and foreign direct investment. To achieve this, we rely on exploratory regression combined with the threshold criteria. Secondly, a geographically weighted regression model is employed to explore local-spatial heterogeneity, capturing the spatial variations of the regression parameters across the Chinese provinces. The results show that the growth of per capita GDP and population increases CO2 emissions; by contrast, the growth of the services sector’s share in China’s gross domestic product could cause a decrease in CO2 emissions. Effects of technological progress on CO2 emissions in high-energy-intensive industries are negative in 2007 and 2013, whereas the coefficient is positive in 2018. Throughout the study period, regression coefficients of foreign direct investment are positive. This paper provides valuable insights into the relationship between driving factors and CO2 emissions, and also gives provides empirical support for local governments to mitigate CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals The CO2 emissions drivers of post-communist economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Jiang Hong ◽  
Iryna Sotnyk ◽  
Oleksandr Kubatko ◽  
Ismail Almashaqbeh Y. A.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background. The CO2 emissions became a key environmental contaminant which is responsible for climate change in general and global warming in particular. Two geographical groups of countries that previously belonged to the former bloc of socialist countries are used for the estimations of CO2 emissions drivers of post-communist economies. The research covers such Eastern European countries as Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Russian Federation, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, and Ukrainian territory as treated by international law and such Central Asian states as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan during the period 1996-2018. The main goal of the research is to identify common drivers that determine carbon dioxide emissions in selected states. To control for the time fixed affects (like EU membership) random effect model was used for the analysis of panel data set.Results. It is found that energy efficiency has a negative influence on per capita CO2 emissions and an increase in GDP by 100 USD per 1 ton of oil decreases per capita CO2 emissions from 17 to 64 kg per capita. That is the more energy efficient the economy becomes, the less CO2 emissions per capita it produces. Unlike energy efficiency, an increase in GDP per capita by 1000 USD increases CO2 emissions by 260 kilograms per capita, and the richer the economy becomes, the more CO2 emissions per capita it generates. The increase in life expectancy by one year lead on average to increase in CO2 emissions per capita 200 to 370 kilograms per capita, with average values of 260 kilograms per capita. It was found that energy consumption per capita is a factor that positively adds to the CO2 emissions per capita. Oil prices, and foreign direct investment came as statistically insignificant factors.Conclusions. Among the main policy reconditions are the promotion of energy efficiency policy in accordance with EU policies and programs that stimulate a reduction in energy consumption and consequently CO2 emissions per capita. The other measure is the promotion of less energy-intensive service sector instead of building up an industrial sector characterized by high energy and carbon intensity.

scholarly journals Human macroecology, energy use scaling, and the sustainability of cities: A look at Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Weinberger ◽  
Joseph Robert Burger
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

We take a human macroecological approach using energy as a fundamental currency to quantify the emergence and future sustainability of urban societies globally with a special look at Latin America. Energetic scaling analysis showed most modern humans in cities in Latin America and elsewhere live at densities of ~10,000 ind/km2, ~4 orders of magnitude greater than our hunter-gatherer ancestors (<1 ind/km2). Meanwhile, modern cities consume ~10,000 watts mostly in the form of extra-metabolic (e.g., fossil fuels), ~2 orders of magnitude greater than hunter-gatherer biological metabolism (~120 watts). Further analysis of World Bank data across and within nations over time showed per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), energy use, and CO2 emissions are lowest in predominantly rural countries, increase in urbanizing countries and are greatest in the most urban countries. For the same level of urbanization, Latin American countries show lower per capita GDP, energy use, and CO2 emissions than global averages. These trends coincide with changes in employment with rural countries employed largely in resource-extraction sectors and highly urbanized nations in service economies. Latin American countries have higher employment in resource sectors compared to most urban countries. Increasing energy use, especially fossil fuel use, underlies urbanization and changes in economic lifestyle. However, these trends cannot continue indefinitely. Latin America, because of its rich renewable and non-renewable resources, may be spared from future uncertainties inherent to complex human-nature systems including from climate change, energy scarcity, pandemics, migration, and trade agreements if it chooses to: 1) rapidly transition to renewable powered economies, and 2) reduce population and economy size within local and regional renewable biocapacities. A rapid cultural evolution is of the essence.

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