Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for Barley in Iran: The panel Data Evidence

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.

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Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

10.5194/hess-2020-275 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Iman Haqiqi ◽

Danielle S. Grogan ◽

Thomas W. Hertel ◽

Wolfram Schlenker

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Water Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Food Prices ◽

Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.

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Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2017796117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (47) ◽

pp. 29526-29534

Author(s):

Lorenzo Rosa ◽

Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽

Matteo Sangiorgio ◽

Areidy Aracely Beltran-Peña ◽

Maria Cristina Rulli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Water Storage ◽

Future Research ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Starting Point ◽

Sustainable Irrigation

Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.

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Integrating irrigation water demand, supply, and delivery management in a stochastic environment

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/93wr01099 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 3093-3101 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Norman J. Dudley ◽

Bradley W. Scott

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Stochastic Environment ◽

Irrigation Water Demand

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Climate Variability and Impacts on Irrigation Water Demand: Research and Application in Northeast Florida

Climate Variations, Climate Change, and Water Resources Engineering ◽

10.1061/9780784408247.ch10 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 143-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. M. Jacobs ◽

S. R. Satti ◽

M. D. Dukes ◽

J. W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Irrigation Water Demand

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Irrigation water demand sensitivity to climate variability across the Contiguous United States

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2020wr027738 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wanshu Nie ◽

Benjamin F. Zaitchik ◽

Matthew Rodell ◽

Sujay V. Kumar ◽

Kristi R. Arsenault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Demand Sensitivity

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Crop-specific seasonal estimates of irrigation-water demand in South Asia

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-20-1971-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1971-1982 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hester Biemans ◽

Christian Siderius ◽

Ashok Mishra ◽

Bashir Ahmad

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

State Level ◽

Multiple Cropping ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

Regional Estimates

Abstract. Especially in the Himalayan headwaters of the main rivers in South Asia, shifts in runoff are expected as a result of a rapidly changing climate. In recent years, our insight into these shifts and their impact on water availability has increased. However, a similar detailed understanding of the seasonal pattern in water demand is surprisingly absent. This hampers a proper assessment of water stress and ways to cope and adapt. In this study, the seasonal pattern of irrigation-water demand resulting from the typical practice of multiple cropping in South Asia was accounted for by introducing double cropping with monsoon-dependent planting dates in a hydrology and vegetation model. Crop yields were calibrated to the latest state-level statistics of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The improvements in seasonal land use and cropping periods lead to lower estimates of irrigation-water demand compared to previous model-based studies, despite the net irrigated area being higher. Crop irrigation-water demand differs sharply between seasons and regions; in Pakistan, winter (rabi) and monsoon summer (kharif) irrigation demands are almost equal, whereas in Bangladesh the rabi demand is ∼  100 times higher. Moreover, the relative importance of irrigation supply versus rain decreases sharply from west to east. Given the size and importance of South Asia improved regional estimates of food production and its irrigation-water demand will also affect global estimates. In models used for global water resources and food-security assessments, processes like multiple cropping and monsoon-dependent planting dates should not be ignored.

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