scholarly journals Ingestive Behavior of Cows in Pastures Andropogon gayanus and Brachiaria decumbens in Southern State of Piauí, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wéverton José Lima Fonseca ◽  
Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
Paulo Henrique Amaral Araújo de Sousa ◽  
Leandro De Oliveira Guerra ◽  
Carlos Syllas Monteiro Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus

The research was conducted at the experimental farm of the Agricultural College of Bom Jesus, which is located at 135 km 3 BR, in the region of the valley Gurguéia southern state of Piauí. We used 10 crossbred cows of Holstein x Gir. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (the pastures of grasses Andropogon gayanus and Brachiaria decumbens), with five replicates (five animals per treatment). The trial lasted five days. Two evaluations were made with duration of 24 hours each, conducted during a day, and the average of the two ratings was used in the statistical analyzes. The evaluations were performed on 20 to 24 July 2013. The cows grazed more time in the morning around 7-10 hours and late afternoon extending into the night with peak until 19:00 hours. The idle time was greater at the end of the night that matches the period of reduced grazing activity. The cows grazed more time during the day in the pasture of Brachiaria decumbens (8.53 hours) compared to pasture Andropogon gayanus (8.03 hours). With respect to time grazing night, the situation was reversed, the animals grazed longer during the day and slowed down during the night (3.16 hours grazing) in the pasture of Brachiaria decumbens. The animals had a higher number of bits (14128.92) in grazing Brachiaria decumbens compared to Andropogon gayanus (10134.00).

PROTOCOLOS DE DESINFECCIÓN DE EXPLANTES DURANTE LA MICROPROPAGACIÓN DE Cedrela odorata L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Alfredo Jiménez González ◽  
Bertha Azucena Zhindón Ganchozo ◽  
Blanca Soledad Indacochea Ganchozo ◽  
Marcos Pedro Ramos Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
State University ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Commercial Micropropagation

EXPLANTATION DISINFECTION PROTOCOLS DURING THE MICROPROPAGATION OF Cedrela odorata L.RESUMENLa contaminación microbiana es uno de los problemas más graves en la micropropagación de las especies vegetales, tanto en la investigación como en la micropropagación comercial. Tal contaminación puede ser producida por microorganismos endofíticos o microorganismos introducidos durante la manipulación de laboratorio. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar tres protocolos de desinfección de explantes para la micropropagación de Cedrela odorata L., en el laboratorio de biotecnología vegetal de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. La metodología aplicada se basó en el montaje de un diseño experimental en bloque completamente al azar. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos para la desinfección de explantes, obteniéndose con éxito el 95.64% de explantes establecidos en el segundo tratamiento, en el que se utilizó un protocolo de desinfección basado en Etanol al 50% (C2H6O), Hipoclorito de Sodio (NaClO) en el 25% de su concentración. Tiempo de inmersión de 60 segundos. Existen diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas en los protocolos utilizados para la desinfección de explantes de Cedrela odorata. Sólo un tratamiento, T2, fue el que presentó la mayor eficiencia durante el experimento.PALABRAS CLAVE: Propagación, especies amenazadas, madera tropical.ABSTRACTMicrobial contamination is one of the most serious problems in micropropagation of plant species, both in research and in commercial micropropagation. Such contamination may be produced by endophytic microorganisms or microorganisms introduced during laboratory manipulation. The present work was carried out with the objective of to evaluate a disinfection protocol of explants for the micropropagation of Cedrela odorata L., in the plant biotechnology laboratory of the Southern State University of Manabí. The applied methodology was based on the assembly of an experimental design in block completely at random. Three treatments were evaluated for the disinfection of explants, successfully obtaining 95.64% of explants established in the second treatment, in which a disinfection protocol based on 50% Ethanol (C2H6O), Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) in 25% of its concentration, with a time of immersion of 60 seconds. There are statistically significant differences in the protocols used for the disinfection of Cedrela odorata explants. Only one treatment, T2, was the one that presented the highest efficiency during the experiment.KEYWORDS: propagation, threatened species, tropical timber.   

The performance of Andropogon gayanus – legume associations in Colombia

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grof
Keyword(s):  
Low Fertility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Hyparrhenia Rufa ◽  
Cutting Experiments

SUMMARYThe forage potential of Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) was assessed in cutting experiments on a low fertility, acid Ultisol in Colombia. This grass recently introduced from Africa outyielded Hyparrhenia rufa, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria decumbens and Digitaria decumbena in various mixtures made up of a single grass and a single legume. A. gayanua performed well as a companion grass with the legumes Styloaanthes guianensis, Stylosanthes capitata and Centroaema sp., while B. decumbena suppressed the legumes planted in these trials during the 2nd year following establishment.

scholarly journals Avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras na região sul de Minas Gerais

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton de Andrade Botrel ◽  
Maurílio José Alvim ◽  
Deise Ferreira Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na região do sul de Minas Gerais para avaliar o potencial de gramíneas forrageiras. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as seguintes espécies, consideradas de baixa exigência nutricional: Andropogon gayanus, Kunt; Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf; Brachiaria decumbens, Stapf; Brachiaria ruziziensis, Germain Evrard; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt e Melinis minutiflora, Beauv. No experimento 2 foram avaliadas as gramíneas consideradas de média e alta exigência nutricional, a saber: Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Moss; Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf; Chloris gayana, Kunt; Cynodon nlemfuensis, Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis; Hyparrhenia rufa, (Ness) Stapf. e as cultivares de Panicum maximum, Jacq.: Tobiatã, Green Panic e Makueni. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os níveis de calagem e de adubação para estabelecimento e manutenção foram diferenciados para os dois experimentos. Cada espécie foi avaliada nos seguintes aspectos: produção de forragem e teor de proteína bruta no período da seca e das chuvas e cobertura vegetal do solo. As gramíneas do experimento 1 que se destacaram na maioria dos aspectos avaliados foram: B. brizantha, B. decumbens, A. gayanus enquanto que no experimento 2 as espécies que apresentaram maior potencial forrageiro foram: S. sphacelata, P. maximum cv. Tobiatã.

Feed handling of lactating crossbred cows maintained in a semi-arid region during the hot season: physiological parameters, ingestive behavior and performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Rafael de Paula Xavier de Andrade ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Marcílio de Azevedo ◽  
Emmanuelle Cordeiro da Silva ◽  
Stela Antas Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The persistence of tropical grass-legume associations under grazing in Brazil

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
R. P. de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Tropical Grass

SummaryThe persistence under a close intermittent grazing regime of eight accessions of Stylosanthes guianensis, Stylosanthes macrocephala and Stylosanthes capitata in combination with Andropogon gayanus (cv. Planaltina) and Brachiaria decumbens (cv. Basilisk) was evaluated in small plots on a low fertility acid oxisol in the tropical savannah region of Brazil. Five accessions persisted for four seasons with both grasses, although legume yields were lower in the B. decumbens associations.S. macrocephala CIAT 1582 (CPAC 139), S. capitata CIAT 1019 (CPAC 704) and CIAT 1097 (CPAC 706) were the most productive accessions at the end of the experiment. The three accessions S. guianensis cv. Cook, S. capitata CIAT 1315 (CPAC 707) and CIAT 1405 (CPAC 846), which failed to persist, were destroyed by anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). This disease remains the primary factor limiting the use of Stylosanthes in the region. The value of small-plot grazing experiments is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of anaerobic rumen fungal inoculation on the fermentation and nutritive content of selected forage silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
O. J. Idowu ◽  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
J. Dolfing ◽  
V. O. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Silage Inoculants

This study investigated the ability of isolated anaerobic fungi to facilitate silage fermentation characteristic and nutritive content. To achieve this, two fungal isolates out of fourteen obtained in our laboratory from sheep rumen content were selected as silage inoculants. Selection of the isolates was based on their ability to present the highest growth characteristics and they belong to the genus Orpinomyces, and Neocallimastix (as identified with microscope). The two fungi alongside the control (i.e. no fungi) were used to inoculate different silages prepared from four selected forages i.e. two tropical grasses (i.e. Andropogon gayanus- AG, Brachiaria decumbens- BD) and two temperate forages (i.e. Triticum aestivum- TA straw and Lolium perenne- LP) in order to examine their effect on fermentation (i.e. pH) and nutritive content of these silages over 14 and 28 days of inoculation, respectively. The anaerobic fungal inoculated silages showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in quality than un-inoculated silages which was reflected in terms of increase in soluble fraction i.e. CP content; reduction in fibre content; increase in metabolites, increase in total antioxidant content (TAC); and reduction in pH with minimal nutrient loss. However, the rate of the anaerobic fungal improvement was influenced by the forages used for the silage and the length of inoculation. The highest and lowest increase in quality was recorded in LP and TA silages, respectively, while more extended inoculation time supported more quality improvement in the silages. The use of anaerobic fungi as inoculants improved AG, BD, TA and LP silages quality through facilitation of the fermentation characteristics (i.e. pH and nutritive content).

On Farm Grass-Legume Pasture Performance in the Peruvian Rainforest

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Reátegui ◽  
R. R. Vera ◽  
W. L. Loker ◽  
M. Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYThe possible use of tropical forage legumes in pastures based on Brachiaria decumbens and Andropogon gayanus pastures was tested on farms in the humid tropics region of Pucallpa, Perú. The pastures were established by farmers using manual labour. They were associated with maize in some cases and were normally grown without fertilizers. The pastures were established in areas where fallow regrowth was felled and burnt. These pastures, with grass-alone controls, were incorporated by farmers into their normal paddock rotation and were grazed by dual-purpose cows. Despite the variable terrain and soil conditions, all the pastures established and persisted well. Over a four year period under grazing, the legume contribution to the forage averaged 21% and ranged between 1 and 66%. Desmodium ovalifolium was the dominant legume in paddocks that were not burnt, whereas in pastures regularly burnt to control weeds it tended to disappear and Stylosanthes guianensis was the main legume present. It is concluded that where farmers ensure the maintenance of adequate levels of forage, grass-legume mixtures are a viable and persistent option even if the pasture is occasionally burnt.

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of heifers on Brachiaria pasture deferred with different periods of sealing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4275 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Dionísio Borges de Macêdo ◽  
Fábio Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
Poliana Batista de Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate four deferral periods for pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, and the implications on the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with four periods (63, 84, 105 and 126 days), each with three replications. The time spent daily by animals on grazing, idle, rumination and in the trough was not affected by periods of sealing the pastures, with mean values of 566.6; 422.29; 426.9 and 24.1 minutes, respectively. The number of feeding stations, the time spent in the stations and the number of feeding stations per minute were not different between periods of sealing the pastures, averaging 106.4; 34.6 and 3.0, respectively. The number of bites and the number of bites per minute showed a quadratic effect, with a point of maximum equal to 1,098 bites and 31 bites per minute, observed on days 93 and 88, respectively. Feed efficiency was linearly decreasing influenced by periods of sealing the pastures. Periods of grazing and idle, the number of bites, the number of bites per minute and feed efficiency are influenced by different deferral periods of pastures under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Levantamento quantitativo de microrganismos solubilizadores de fosfatos na rizosfera de gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras na Amazônia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sylvester-Bradley ◽  
◽  
N. Asakawa ◽  
S. La Torraca ◽  
F.M.M. Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Desmodium Ovalifolium ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Hyparrhenia Rufa

Resumo Após a escolha de um meio de enriquecimento seletivo a um maior número de microrganismos solubilizadores de fosfatos, foi feito um levantamento quantitativo dessas bactérias na rizosfera de Brachiaria decumbens, B. humidicola; Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum plicatum, Hyparrhenia rufa, Panicum maximum, Desmodium ovalifolium, Pueraria phaseoloides, Zornia sp. Stylosanthes capitata, S. guianensis (ClAT 136) e S. guianensis (IRI 1022), adubadas e não adubadas. De um modo geral, números maiores de bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfatos (superior a 1 x 107/g rizosfera) ocorreram na rizosfera de leguminosas. adubadas e não adubadas, e os números mais baixos nas gramíneas (inferior a 1 x 107/g rizosfera). com exceção de H. rufa e P. maximum, sem adubação. De todas as forrageiras analisadas, a rizosfera de Zornia sp. adubada, foi a que melhor se apresentou tanto em número quanto em porcentagem de bactérias solubilizadoras. O número total de microrganismos foi maior nos tratamentos não adubados para todas as gramíneas analisadas e maior nos tratamentos adubados para todas as leguminosas com exceção de S. capitata. Os fungos solubilizadores de fosfatos, não foram considerados, uma vez que estavam presentes em quantidades bem pequenas.

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