scholarly journals Relationship between Event Prevalence Rate and Gini Coefficient of Predictive Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Fei Han ◽  
Ian Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Predictive models are currently used for early intervention to help identify patients with a high risk of adverse events. Assessing the accuracy of such models is a crucial part of the development process. To measure the predictive performance of a scoring model, quantitative indices such as the K-S statistic and C-statistic are used. This paper discusses the relationship between Gini coefficients and event prevalence rates. The main contribution of the paper is the theoretical proof of the relationship between the Gini coefficient and event prevalence rate.

scholarly journals Commentary: Measuring the shape of degree distributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER M. BADHAM
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Degree Distribution ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Standard Measure ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDegree distribution is a fundamental property of networks. While mean degree provides a standard measure of scale, there are several commonly used shape measures. Widespread use of a single shape measure would enable comparisons between networks and facilitate investigations about the relationship between degree distribution properties and other network features. This paper describes five candidate measures of heterogeneity and recommends the Gini coefficient. It has theoretical advantages over many of the previously proposed measures, is meaningful for the broad range of distribution shapes seen in different types of networks, and has several accessible interpretations. While this paper focuses on degree, the distribution of other node-based network properties could also be described with Gini coefficients.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Relationship between the PM2.5 Concentration and the Gini Coefficient Using the Grey Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lifeng Wu ◽  
Kai Cai ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Grey Model ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Grey Prediction ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

To explore the relationship between the PM2.5 concentration and the gap between the rich and the poor, the PM2.5 concentration in 26 provincial regions of China is predicted by using the Gini coefficient as the independent variable. The nonequigap fractional grey prediction model (CFNGM (1, 1)) is used for data fitting and predicting. The validity of the model is verified by comparing with the traditional nonequidistant grey model. The predicting results show that the PM2.5 concentration in many provinces of China presents a roughly downward trend. In the past nine years, the Gini coefficients have declined in more than 70% of the 26 provinces. However, the development of the Gini coefficient in Northwest China fluctuates greatly and even has an upward trend in recent years. According to the predictive results, reasonable suggestions can be put forward for the effective control of PM2.5 emission in China.

INNOVATION CAPABILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Darwina Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in county’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total businesses. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main aim for the research is to examine the relationship between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. This conceptual paper also extends to the vague revelation on Business Strategy in which act as a moderator between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and SMEs Performance. Conclusively, this study proposes a new research directions and hypotheses development to examine the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.

scholarly journals Combining Regional Habitat Selection Models for Large-Scale Prediction: Circumpolar Habitat Selection of Southern Ocean Humpback Whales

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2074
Author(s):  
Ryan R. Reisinger ◽  
Ari S. Friedlaender ◽  
Alexandre N. Zerbini ◽  
Daniel M. Palacios ◽  
Virginia Andrews-Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Environmental Covariates ◽  
Animal Habitat

Machine learning algorithms are often used to model and predict animal habitat selection—the relationships between animal occurrences and habitat characteristics. For broadly distributed species, habitat selection often varies among populations and regions; thus, it would seem preferable to fit region- or population-specific models of habitat selection for more accurate inference and prediction, rather than fitting large-scale models using pooled data. However, where the aim is to make range-wide predictions, including areas for which there are no existing data or models of habitat selection, how can regional models best be combined? We propose that ensemble approaches commonly used to combine different algorithms for a single region can be reframed, treating regional habitat selection models as the candidate models. By doing so, we can incorporate regional variation when fitting predictive models of animal habitat selection across large ranges. We test this approach using satellite telemetry data from 168 humpback whales across five geographic regions in the Southern Ocean. Using random forests, we fitted a large-scale model relating humpback whale locations, versus background locations, to 10 environmental covariates, and made a circumpolar prediction of humpback whale habitat selection. We also fitted five regional models, the predictions of which we used as input features for four ensemble approaches: an unweighted ensemble, an ensemble weighted by environmental similarity in each cell, stacked generalization, and a hybrid approach wherein the environmental covariates and regional predictions were used as input features in a new model. We tested the predictive performance of these approaches on an independent validation dataset of humpback whale sightings and whaling catches. These multiregional ensemble approaches resulted in models with higher predictive performance than the circumpolar naive model. These approaches can be used to incorporate regional variation in animal habitat selection when fitting range-wide predictive models using machine learning algorithms. This can yield more accurate predictions across regions or populations of animals that may show variation in habitat selection.

Validation of a model for the prediction of retinopathy in persons with type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2018-313539
Author(s):  
Vivian Schreur ◽  
Heijan Ng ◽  
Giels Nijpels ◽  
Einar Stefánsson ◽  
Cees J Tack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Screening Interval ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Screening Frequency

Background/AimTo validate a previously developed model for prediction of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for personalised retinopathy screening in persons with type 1 diabetes.MethodsRetrospective medical data of persons with type 1 diabetes treated in an academic hospital setting were used for analysis. Sight-threatening retinopathy (STR) was defined as the presence of severe non-proliferative DR, proliferative DR or macular oedema. The presence and grade of retinopathy, onset of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and levels of haemoglobin A1c were used to calculate an individual risk estimate and personalised screening interval. In persons with STR, the occurrence was compared with the calculated date of screening. The model’s predictive performance was measured using calibration and discrimination techniques.ResultsOf the 268 persons included in our study, 24 (9.0%) developed STR during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. All incidences of STR occurred after the calculated screening date. By applying the model, the mean calculated screening interval was 30.5 months, which is a reduction in screening frequency of 61% compared with annual screening and 21% compared with biennial screening. The discriminatory ability was good (Harrell’s C-statistic=0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90), and calibration showed an overestimation of risk in persons who were assigned to a higher risk for STR.ConclusionThis validation study suggests that a screening programme based on the previously developed prediction model is safe and efficient. The use of a personalised screening frequency could improve cost-effectiveness of diabetic eye care.

scholarly journals An Attention-Based Model Using Character Composition of Entities in Chinese Relation Extraction

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Wenkai Zhang ◽  
Tinglei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Relation extraction is a vital task in natural language processing. It aims to identify the relationship between two specified entities in a sentence. Besides information contained in the sentence, additional information about the entities is verified to be helpful in relation extraction. Additional information such as entity type getting by NER (Named Entity Recognition) and description provided by knowledge base both have their limitations. Nevertheless, there exists another way to provide additional information which can overcome these limitations in Chinese relation extraction. As Chinese characters usually have explicit meanings and can carry more information than English letters. We suggest that characters that constitute the entities can provide additional information which is helpful for the relation extraction task, especially in large scale datasets. This assumption has never been verified before. The main obstacle is the lack of large-scale Chinese relation datasets. In this paper, first, we generate a large scale Chinese relation extraction dataset based on a Chinese encyclopedia. Second, we propose an attention-based model using the characters that compose the entities. The result on the generated dataset shows that these characters can provide useful information for the Chinese relation extraction task. By using this information, the attention mechanism we used can recognize the crucial part of the sentence that can express the relation. The proposed model outperforms other baseline models on our Chinese relation extraction dataset.

scholarly journals The relationship of arsenic levels in drinking water and the prevalence rate of skin lesions in Bangladesh.

1999 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tondel ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
A Magnuson ◽  
I A Chowdhury ◽  
M H Faruquee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Simulation and optimization of overlapped iteration process with multi-coupled activities based on value analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fupeng Yin ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Xue Ji
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Iteration Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Stamping Die ◽  
Information Update ◽  
The Relationship

The appropriate iteration process model is the basis for managing and optimizing the product development process. In this article, we attempt to introduce the concept of process effectiveness and process value. The relationship between rework probability and process effectiveness is discussed. The evolution function of process effectiveness is proposed to drive the overlapped iteration process of multi-coupled activities. The evolution process with input information update is studied, and a simulation model is presented to obtain the accurate iteration process of development. It is useful to analyze the risks during development, and has good flexibility and versatility. The calculation method of process value for overlapped iteration process is given, and an optimization model for product development process is provided. The model is used to improve the development process of the stamping die of a car roof. With the model, we can get a suitable overlapping rate of multi-coupled activities to improve development performance.

Yoram Barzel and the Economics of Institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Lueck
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Car Racing ◽  
Economics Of Institutions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the work of Yoram Barzel and Institutional Economics. Barzel has developed a property rights/transaction cost approach to economics and has written on topics ranging from car racing to slavery to Jewish lending to voting rules in condominium associations. Among his many ideas are those about racing to claim assets, multitasking, rationing by waiting, divided ownership of complex assets, measurement costs, and the economic orgins of democracy. In the process Barzel’s work unearthed the economic rationale for many institutions and offered a framework for analyzing them. Barzel holds an important place among all economists for expanding the scope of economic science in a way that focuses attention on the importance of property rights in understanding institutions and the economic logic of their variety. In this way he has been a crucial part of economic study of institutions.

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