scholarly journals Implementation of Tobacco Control Policies in Bangladesh: A Political Economy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Md Mahmudul Hoque ◽  
Riffat Ara Zannat Tama
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economy Analysis

After ratifying the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2004, Bangladesh enacted anti-tobacco laws, policies, and administrative measures. Evidence suggests that the progress so far has not been significant, and Bangladesh will most likely fail to meet its target to become tobacco-free by 2040. This study undertakes a national-level political economy analysis to explore the dynamics that affect the processes of required tobacco policy reforms and implementation. Based on a desk review of pertinent pieces of literature and key informant interviews, this research examines the political behavior of key individuals, institutional reform initiatives, and the government’s commitment to the tobacco control agenda. The findings indicate that the political will of becoming tobacco-free is explicitly present in key narratives. However, intra-government conflict of interests and incentives, the skewed commitment of government bodies, state-business nexus, incapacity of vital organizations, and the dubious role of key individuals and committees fail to translate this will into active implementation. The article concludes that the idea of tobacco control remains a strategic accommodation, and its implementation requires genuine commitment and wider public support. The government must confer adequate authority and resources to the national tobacco control cell and call for agencies to convene to the common of creating a tobacco-free Bangladesh.

scholarly journals POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS IN NON-COMPLIANCE INDONESIA TOWARDS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Hijra Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Economy Analysis

<p>This research attempts to analyze the reason or consideration of Indonesian government to not ratify Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) yet, in political economy analysis comprises interest of many actors, limitations of capacity of state, the influence of ratification towards Indonesian tobacco trade, FCTC implementation among the Parties, and projection of Indonesia’s possibility to comply with this regulation. FCTC has a number of instruments in tobacco control which was arranged by World Health Organization since 1999. This research become necessary due to Indonesia as only one a country in Asia which have not ratified yet, whereas Indonesia has been the fifth biggest of tobacco consumer in the world. It is a qualitative research, where data were collected through interview technique to the certain sources, and other supporting data from books and publication document. It has been analyzed using Chayes concept about compliance and non-compliance with international regulatory agreement consist of ambiguity and lack of capacity, interests, norms, and efficiency. In observing this issue, we can clarify that different interests of actors have become major consideration of Indonesian government to not comply with this convention regarding on the differences priority within ministry, the existence of business actors to influence the decision maker, employment, tobacco farmers, and social cultural aspects. In the forthcoming, there is a possibility that Indonesia will ratify FCTC due to Tobacco Roadmap which is arranged by Ministry of Industry of Indonesia in long-term planning assert that health aspect will be the main priority more than state revenues and employment. In addition, there are a lot of regencies and cities in Indonesia which have been implementing tobacco control regulation. This research, eventually, is expected to provide input analysis to the government in accordance with FCTC.</p>

Introduction

Mapping Power ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sunila S. Kale ◽  
Navroz K. Dubash ◽  
Ranjit Bharvirkar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Economy Analysis

The introductory chapter lays out the rationale for the volume and provides a framework for analysing the political economy of Indian electricity. We first present a historically-rooted political economy analysis to understand the past and identify reforms for the future of electricity in India. We next outline an analytic framework to guide the empirical chapters of the book, which locates electricity outcomes in the larger political economy of electricity, the field of politics that are specific to each state, and each state’s broader political economy. The chapter ends by providing concise synopses of the state-level narratives of electricity in the fifteen states included in the volume.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of the Groundnut Value Chain in Malawi: Its Re-Emergence Amidst Policy Chaos, Strategic Neglect, and Opportunism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessings Chinsinga ◽  
Mirriam Matita
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
The Political ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Issue Area ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Settlement ◽  
Economy Analysis

This paper explores the political economy of the groundnut value chain in Malawi. The paper uses a combination of insights from the theoretical perspectives of political settlement, rents and policymaking to examine this value chain. Fused together, these theoretical perspectives underpin a political economy analysis framework, which entails systematically mapping all key actors in an issue area; identifying their interests and recognising their forms of power (political, economic, social, and ideological); understanding their relationships with each other; and appreciating the issues, narratives, and ideas that shape how and why they interact with each other.

scholarly journals Is there Life in the Old Dog Yet? Observations on the Political Economy and Constitutional Viability of Common Debt Issuing in the Euro Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Amtenbrink ◽  
René Repasi ◽  
Jakob De Haan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Member States ◽  
Debt Issuance ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Economy Analysis

AbstractDeparting from a political economy analysis of the benefits of common debt issuance by the Eurozone member states, we examine to what extent the various proposals for Eurobonds may be considered admissible under EU law and exemplary national (constitutional) laws, including those of Germany, Estonia, France, Ireland and Poland, from which one can deduce general national constitutional requirements applicable in all Eurozone member states. The medium and long-term potential gains from increased Eurozone stability and improved fiscal discipline must be traded off against the considerable legal and political obstacles of implementing any of these proposals. Yet key to the success of any common debt issuance is the effective dealing with the legacy debt of the Eurozone member states.

Making Sense of the Globalisation Debate When Engaging in Political Economy Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Bruff
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Economy Analysis

This article assesses various contributions to the globalisation debate. It takes as its basis the split in the political economy literature between three ‘waves’ of analysis, and provides an overview of each in the first part of the article. A progression towards a more sophisticated understanding of ‘globalisation’ has taken place with the emergence of each wave, with the third wave representing the most refined account. The second section suggests neo-Gramscian theory can overcome the shortcomings of the otherwise praiseworthy third wave. In particular, the work of Stuart Hall is presented as appropriate for the study of globalisation, and political economy in general. The article concludes by calling for greater cross-pollination of ideas between the various critical theories of political economy.

scholarly journals Political economy analysis of the performance‐based financing programme in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Salehi ◽  
Karl Blanchet ◽  
Anna Vassall ◽  
Josephine Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
National Level ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Performance Based Financing ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Economy Analysis

Abstract Background Performance-based financing (PBF) has attracted considerable attention in recent years in low and middle-income countries. Afghanistan’s Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) implemented a PBF programme between 2010 and 2015 to strengthen the utilisation of maternal and child health services in primary health facilities. This study aimed to examine the political economy factors influencing the adoption, design and implementation of the PBF programme in Afghanistan. Methods Retrospective qualitative research methods were employed using semi structured interviews as well as a desk review of programme and policy documents. Key informants were selected purposively from the national level (n = 9), from the province level (n = 6) and the facility level (n = 15). Data analysis was inductive as well as deductive and guided by a political economy analysis framework to explore the factors that influenced the adoption and design of the PBF programme. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results The global policy context, and implementation experience in other LMIC, shaped PBF and its introduction in Afghanistan. The MoPH saw PBF as a promise of additional resources needed to rebuild the country’s health system after a period of conflict. The MoPH support for PBF was also linked to their past positive experience of performance-based contracting. Power dynamics and interactions between PBF programme actors also shaped the policy process. The PBF programme established a centralised management structure which strengthened MoPH and donor ability to manage the programme, but overlooked key stakeholders, such as provincial health offices and non-state providers. However, MoPH had limited input in policy design, resulting in a design which was not well tailored to the national setting. Conclusions This study shows that PBF programmes need to be designed and adapted according to the local context, involving all relevant actors in the policy cycle. Future studies should focus on conducting empirical research to not only understand the multiple effects of PBF programmes on the performance of health systems but also the main political economy dynamics that influence the PBF programmes in different stages of the policy process.

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