scholarly journals POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS IN NON-COMPLIANCE INDONESIA TOWARDS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Hijra Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Economy Analysis

<p>This research attempts to analyze the reason or consideration of Indonesian government to not ratify Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) yet, in political economy analysis comprises interest of many actors, limitations of capacity of state, the influence of ratification towards Indonesian tobacco trade, FCTC implementation among the Parties, and projection of Indonesia’s possibility to comply with this regulation. FCTC has a number of instruments in tobacco control which was arranged by World Health Organization since 1999. This research become necessary due to Indonesia as only one a country in Asia which have not ratified yet, whereas Indonesia has been the fifth biggest of tobacco consumer in the world. It is a qualitative research, where data were collected through interview technique to the certain sources, and other supporting data from books and publication document. It has been analyzed using Chayes concept about compliance and non-compliance with international regulatory agreement consist of ambiguity and lack of capacity, interests, norms, and efficiency. In observing this issue, we can clarify that different interests of actors have become major consideration of Indonesian government to not comply with this convention regarding on the differences priority within ministry, the existence of business actors to influence the decision maker, employment, tobacco farmers, and social cultural aspects. In the forthcoming, there is a possibility that Indonesia will ratify FCTC due to Tobacco Roadmap which is arranged by Ministry of Industry of Indonesia in long-term planning assert that health aspect will be the main priority more than state revenues and employment. In addition, there are a lot of regencies and cities in Indonesia which have been implementing tobacco control regulation. This research, eventually, is expected to provide input analysis to the government in accordance with FCTC.</p>

scholarly journals Implementation of Tobacco Control Policies in Bangladesh: A Political Economy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Md Mahmudul Hoque ◽  
Riffat Ara Zannat Tama
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economy Analysis

After ratifying the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2004, Bangladesh enacted anti-tobacco laws, policies, and administrative measures. Evidence suggests that the progress so far has not been significant, and Bangladesh will most likely fail to meet its target to become tobacco-free by 2040. This study undertakes a national-level political economy analysis to explore the dynamics that affect the processes of required tobacco policy reforms and implementation. Based on a desk review of pertinent pieces of literature and key informant interviews, this research examines the political behavior of key individuals, institutional reform initiatives, and the government&rsquo;s commitment to the tobacco control agenda. The findings indicate that the political will of becoming tobacco-free is explicitly present in key narratives. However, intra-government conflict of interests and incentives, the skewed commitment of government bodies, state-business nexus, incapacity of vital organizations, and the dubious role of key individuals and committees fail to translate this will into active implementation. The article concludes that the idea of tobacco control remains a strategic accommodation, and its implementation requires genuine commitment and wider public support. The government must confer adequate authority and resources to the national tobacco control cell and call for agencies to convene to the common of creating a tobacco-free Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Why is tobacco control progress in Indonesia stalled? - A qualitative analysis of interviews with tobacco control experts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
Mary Assunta ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Indonesia shoulders a significant tobacco burden, with almost two million cases of tobacco-related illnesses and more than two hundred thousand tobacco-related deaths annually. Indonesian tobacco control is progressing but lags behind other countries. Our study evaluates factors that contribute to the slow progress of tobacco policy change in Indonesia from the perspective of tobacco control experts (TCEs). Method We conducted qualitative interviews with four international and ten national TCEs, who have been active in tobacco control for at least 5 years. Our interview guideline included questions on the current tobacco control situation in Indonesia and explored reasons why tobacco control is progressing so slowly. The interviews were conducted either in English or Bahasa Indonesia, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. We conducted a thematic analysis based on five core causal factors for policy adoption: institutions, networks, socio-economic factors, agendas and ideas. Results The multistage delay of tobacco policy adoption is principally due to political structures and policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a high degree of corruption. The low bargaining position and lack of respect for the Ministry of Health also contributes. There are contrasting frames of tobacco as a strategic economic asset and tobacco control as a sovereignty threat. There is an imbalance of power and influence between well entrenched and resourced tobacco industry networks compared to relatively young and less established tobacco control networks. The policy agenda is likely influenced by the privileged position of tobacco in Indonesia as a socially acceptable product with high consumption. There are constraints on transferring ideas and evidence to successful policy adoption. Conclusion Tobacco companies have substantially influenced both policy decisions and public perceptions, signifying a power imbalance within the government system and broader networks. Acceding to and enforcing the World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) would enable the Indonesian government to shift the power imbalance towards public health stakeholders. Tobacco control advocates must enhance their network cohesion and embrace other community groups to improve engagement and communication with policymakers.

scholarly journals RESISTENSI ATAS PENGENDALIAN TEMBAKAU TERHADAP HAK-HAK EKONOMI, SOSIAL, DAN BUDAYA DI KALANGAN PETANI SRINTHIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Nurma Khusna Khanifa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

<p>Abstract<br />The World Health Organization (WHO) has indeed adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in the 56th World Health Assembly in 2003. The FCTC provides reference to the importance of worldwide tobacco control. The impact of this resistance is the tobacco farmers of Temanggung Regency. Tobacco planted on the slopes of Sindoro and Sumbing mountains, Temanggung Regency, is the number one tobacco producer of tobacco srinthil. Srinthil Tobacco has been listed as Geographical Indication No. ID G 000 000 027 at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property. Srinthil is located in the village of Legokari Tlogomulyo District has a high quality has placed it as a green gold title. Cultural heritage has left the custom of ritual in obtaining the quality of tobacco. But behind the success of tobacco as one of the commodities that have a large contribution to state revenues, the government actually issued several policies against the development of marketing. The government’s appreciation of the tobacco leaf lately seems half-hearted. For farmers, tobacco is not just a commodity. Tobacco is an important part of the spiritual life. Elements of tobacco in the form of chopping, clove or cigarettes in offerings that symbolize fire, water, air and soil. Thus tobacco is considered as a balance between man and nature. The way to see the tobacco issue from a health standpoint by negating this other perspective is not only inappropriate but rather misleading. The reason is that tobacco is a legal and superior commodity that has a vital role with the linkage of economic, social and cultural interests. Therefore, the government can not yet accommodate the human rights of economic, social and cultural rights.<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak<br />World Health Organization (WHO) memang telah mengadopsi Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) dalam Sidang Kesehatan Dunia (World Health Assembly) ke-56 pada 2003. FCTC ini memberikan rujukan tentang betapa pentingnya pengendalian tembakau di seluruh dunia. Dampak yang dirasakan adanya resistensi ini ialah petani tembakau Kabupaten Temanggung. Tembakau yang ditanam di lereng gunung Sindoro dan Sumbing, Kabupaten Temanggung, sebagian adalah penghasil tembakau kualitas nomor satu, yakni tembakau srinthil. Tembakau Srinthil telah terdaftar sebagai Indikasi Geografis No. ID G 000 000 027 di Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. Srinthil berada di Desa Legoksari Kecamatan Tlogomulyo ini memiliki berkualitas tinggi telah menempatkannya sebagai sebutan emas hijau. Warisan budaya telah meninggalkan adat berupa ritual dalam mendapatkan mutu tembakau. Tetapi dibalik kesuksesan tembakau sebagai salah satu komoditas yang memiliki sumbangsih besar terhadap penerimaan negara, pemerintah justru mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan yang menentang terhadap perkembangan pemasaran. Apresiasi pemerintah terhadap daun tembakau belakangan nampak setengah hati. Bagi para petani, tembakau memang tak sekedar komoditi. Tembakau menjadi bagian penting dari kehidupan spiritual. Unsur tembakau berupa rajang, kretek atau rokok dalam sesaji yang melambangkan api, air, udara dan tanahal. Dengan demikian tembakau dianggap sebagai penyeimbang antara manusia dan alam. Cara melihat persoalan tembakau dari sudut pandang kesehatan dengan meniadakan perspektif lainnya ini bukan hanya tidak tepat melainkan justru menyesatkan. Alasannya, tembakau adalah barang legal dan komoditi unggulan yang mempunyai peran vital dengan pertautan kepentingan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah belum bisa menjadi mengakomodir hak-hak manusia (human rights) hak-hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya.<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Why is tobacco control progress in Indonesia stalled? - A qualitative analysis of interviews with tobacco control experts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
Mary Assunta ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Organization Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction Indonesia shoulders a significant tobacco burden, with almost two million cases of tobacco-related illnesses and more than two hundred thousand tobacco-related deaths annually. Indonesian tobacco control is progressing but lags behind other countries. Our study evaluates factors that contribute to the slow progress of tobacco policy change in Indonesia from the perspective of tobacco control experts (TCEs). Method We conducted qualitative interviews with four international and ten national TCEs, who have been active in tobacco control for at least 5 years. Our interview guideline included questions on the current tobacco control situation in Indonesia and explored reasons why tobacco control is progressing so slowly. The interviews were conducted either in English or Bahasa Indonesia, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. We conducted a thematic analysis based on five core causal factors for policy adoption: institutions, networks, socio-economic factors, agendas and ideas. Results and Discussion The multistage delay of tobacco policy adoption is principally due to political structures and policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a high degree of corruption. The low bargaining position and lack of respect for the Ministry of Health also contributes. There are contrasting frames of tobacco as a strategic economic asset and tobacco control as a sovereignty threat. There is an imbalance of power and influence between well entrenched and resourced tobacco industry networks compared to relatively young and less established tobacco control networks. The policy agenda is likely influenced by the privileged position of tobacco in Indonesia as a socially acceptable product with high consumption. There are constraints on transferring ideas and evidence to successful policy adoption. Conclusion Tobacco companies have substantially influenced both policy decisions and public perceptions, signifying a power imbalance within the government system and broader networks. Acceding to and enforcing the World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) would enable the Indonesian government to shift the power imbalance towards public health stakeholders. Tobacco control advocates must enhance their network cohesion and embrace other community groups to improve engagement and communication with policymakers.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and influencing factors in Korea: A multicenter questionnaire study of pregnant women and obstetrics and gynecology doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Soo Kang ◽  
San Ha Lee ◽  
Woo Jeng Kim ◽  
Jeong Ha Wie ◽  
In Yang Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Maternal Influenza

Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization and health authorities in most countries recommend that pregnant women receive inactivated influenza virus vaccines, coverage remains low. This study aimed to investigate (1) the proportion of pregnant women who received an influenza vaccination and influencing factors and (2) the proportion of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) doctors who routinely recommend influenza vaccination to pregnant women and influencing factors. Methods Two separate, anonymized questionnaires were developed for physicians and pregnant and postpartum women and were distributed to multicenters and clinics in South Korea. The proportions of women who received influenza vaccination during pregnancy and OBGYN doctors who routinely recommend the influenza vaccine to pregnant women were analyzed. Independent influencing factors for both maternal influenza vaccination and OBGYN doctors’ routine recommendations to pregnant women were analyzed using log-binomial regression analysis. Results The proportion of self-reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy among 522 women was 63.2%. Pregnancy-related independent factors influencing maternal influenza vaccination were “(ever) received information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy” (OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.17–19.01), “received vaccine information about from OBGYN doctors” (OR 11.44, 95% CI 5.46–24.00), “information obtained from other sources” (OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.01–9.55), and “second/third trimester” (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.21–4.82).. Among 372 OBGYN doctors, 76.9% routinely recommended vaccination for pregnant women. Independent factors effecting routine recommendation were “working at a private clinic or hospital” (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.44–11.65), “awareness of KCDC guidelines” (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.11–8.73), and “awareness of the 2019 national free influenza vaccination program for pregnant women” (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.34–10.17). OBGYN doctors most commonly chose ‘guidelines proposed by the government or public health (108, 46%) and academic committees (59, 25%), as a factor which expect to affect the future recommendation Conclusion This study showed that providing information about maternal influenza vaccination, especially by OBGYN doctors, is crucial for increasing vaccination coverage in pregnant women. Closer cooperation between the government and OBGYN academic societies to educate OBGYN doctors might enhance routine recommendations.

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