scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Potato Seed Production in Acid Soils in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Evans Mutange Akoto ◽  
Caleb O. Othieno ◽  
Julius O. Ochuodho
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

One of the major challenges facing potato (Solanum Tuberosum L) production in Kenya is the inadequate supply of high-quality seed. The required amount of potato seed in Kenya is about 70,000 tones annually but, only 1 % is available. Otherwise, farmers use low quality farm saved seed (KEPHIS, 2016). A major contributor to this situation is low and declining soil fertility, particularly phosphorus, among other challenges. Unfortunately, there is no available phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation for seed potato production in Kenya. This hinders economic utilization of phosphorus fertilizers to achieve optimal production of quality potato seed in Kenya where its deficiencies are dominant. Therefore, this study investigated influence of different rates of phosphorus fertilizer on seed potato tuber yield and quality in three acidic (pH ≤ 5.8) test sites: Lari, Ainabkoi and Saboti sub Counties. Unica and Shangi varieties were tested. The field experiment was a split plot arrangement in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments (0 N & 0 P), 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus, replicated three times. Data collected included tuber weight, number of tubers, tuber grade, number of eyes per tuber, tuber specific density and final germination percentage. To monitor soil nutrient dynamics, soil pH, soil available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, sodium and exchangeable acidity (Lari only) were determined at planting while available phosphorus and potato tuber phosphorus were determined at harvesting. Data was statistically analysed using ANOVA at 5 % confidence levels with General Statistics (GENSTAT) and excel softwares. Results indicated that phosphorus rate significantly influenced seed tuber yield in the test sites. At Saboti, (0N & 0P) and no phosphorus application treatments for Shangi and Unica resulted in the highest seed tuber yield of 33.7 t ha-1 and 33.2 t ha-1, respectively. At Ainabkoi, application of 60 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced the highest seed tuber yields of 20.0 t ha-1 and 18.9 t ha-1 of Shangi and Unica, respectively. In Lari, application of 60 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced the highest seed tuber yields of 19.0 t ha-1 and 10.4 t ha-1 of Shangi and Unica, respectively. Unica had better final germination percentage than Shangi. During the season, there was a build-up of soil available phosphorus. Thus, there is need for farmers to test their soils at the onset of every potato season.

scholarly journals Effect of dehaulming on yield of seed potatoes

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
AA Mahmud ◽  
Sajeda Akhter ◽  
MJ Hossain ◽  
MKR Bhuiyan ◽  
MA Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Seed Potatoes

The yield of seed size tubers was assessed in five standard potato cultivars (Cardinal, Multa, Ailsa, Heera, and Dheera) in relation to dates of dehaulming (65, 70, and 80 days after planting) in a Seed Potato Production Farm, Debijong, Panchagarh during 1996-97 and 1997-98. Dehaulming at 70 days gave maximum seed size tubers (19.75 t/ha ≈ 76%) but significantly identical to 75 days (19.56 t/ha ≈70%) and 80 days (18.69 t/ha ≈ 63%). Considering all the parameters studied, the performance of Heera proved to be best among the cultivars grown. Among the cultivars, the maximum seed tuber yield was recorded from Cardinal at 80 DAP followed by Heera and Cardinal at 70 DAP, Dheera and Ailsa at 75 DAP. In general, most of the cultivars gave the maximum seed tuber yield when the crop was dehaulmed at 70 and 80 DAP and the lowest from 65 DAP. Key Words: Dehaulming, potato, seed production. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3970 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 443-448, September 2009

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Available Phosphorus and Growth and Yield of Sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyone Pyone AYE ◽  
Pechrada PINJAI ◽  
Saowanuch TAWORNPRUEK
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can increase soil phosphorus (P) availability and improve plant growth, yield, and phosphorus content of several crops. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PSB on soil available phosphorus, growth, and yield of sugarcane at field conditions. Kosakonia radicincitans (PSB1) and Bacillus subtilis (PSB2) were applied with two different sources of phosphorus fertilizers: Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and rock phosphate (RP). The application of PSB with phosphorus fertilizers enhanced the yield from 17.03 to 38.42 % over no application of fertilizer. It also increased the percentage of commercial cane sugar percent (CCS %) from 4.8 to 19.96 % over control. The application of PSB2 with DAP showed effective results in available phosphorus content in the soil and yield of sugarcane. The PSB population and the available phosphorus contents were higher in treatments when phosphorus was given partly through RP and DAP than the control. The application of phosphorus fertilizer and PSB increased phosphorus fractions in the soil. The addition of phosphorus fertilizer to soil increased all the inorganic phosphorus fractions in soil. The treatments with PSB resulted in statistical differences in total phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The application of PSB with RP (T6, T7, and T8) showed the highest weight among the treatment at the harvesting time. The yield of sugarcane was highest in the application of PSB2 with either DAP or RP (T4 and T7). HIGHLIGHTS Evaluate the effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) (Kosakonia radicincitans and Bacillus subtills) comminated with two different phosphorus (di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and rock phosphate (RP) fertilizers on the changes in the soil available phosphorus level and sugarcane growth at Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand The application of P fertilizer and PSB can increase the inorganic P fractions in the soil and increased the cane yield over NPK without PSB The PSB application either single or co-inoculation of PSBs increased the average cane more than 13 % to over control

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation with 1 MeV on phenology of potatoes inhabited by fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bliznyuk ◽  
Natalia Chulikova ◽  
Victoria Ipatova ◽  
Anna Malyuga
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Control Samples

The study perpersents the influence of electron irradiation on on the phenology and productivity of potatoes inhabited by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Potato samples were irradiated with the doses ranging from 0.02 kGy to 3.0 kGy. It was found that the pre-planting irradiation of seed potato tubers with the doses of 0.02-0.15 kGy led to a delay in plant development, and irradiation of tubers with over 0.2 kGy resulted in the death of plants. The maximum number of large tubers was obtained from samples irradiated with the dose of 0.15 kGy. The yield of potato tuber samples irradiated with the dose of 0.02 kGy corresponded to that of the control samples. Irradiation of potato seed tubers with a dose of 0.04 kGy led to a significant decrease in the colonization of the surface of tubers of the new crop with Rhizoctonia solani, while irradiation of potato tubers with a dose of 0.15 kGy completely eliminated the pathogen.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer on “Ware” Potato Production in Acid Soils in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Evans Mutange Akoto ◽  
Caleb O. Othieno ◽  
Julius O. Ochuodho
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

One of the major challenges facing potato (Solanum Tuberosum L) production in Kenya is low and declining yield. This trend is caused by several factors which include low quality and quantity of seed, climate change, inadequate extension services, pests and diseases and more importantly low and declining soil fertility, particularly phosphorus (KEPHIS, 2016 and Karanja et al., 2014). Unfortunately, the current phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation available for “ware” potato production in Kenya is “blanket” or general (90 kg phosphorus ha-1) and has not been updated for a long time to address the declining soil fertility. This prevents proper utilization of phosphorus fertilizers in achieving optimal production of “ware” potatoes. Therefore, this study investigated influence of different rates of phosphorus (TSP) fertilizer on “ware” potato yield and quality in three acidic (pH ≤ 5.8) test sites: Lari, Ainabkoi and Saboti sub Counties. Two varieties, Unica and Shangi, were tested. The field experiment was a split plot arrangement in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments (0 N & 0 P), 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus, replicated three times. Data collected included weight, quantity and quality of tubers. The data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5 % confidence levels with General Statistics (GENSTAT) and excel soft wares. Results indicated that phosphorus fertilizer influenced “ware” potato yield. At Saboti application of 120 and 90 kg phosphorus ha-1 for Shangi and Unica resulted in highest “ware” yield of 19.6 and 40.2 t ha-1, respectively. At Ainabkoi application of 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced highest “ware” potato yields of 10.7 t ha-1 and 26.8 t ha-1 of Shangi and Unica, respectively. At Lari, application of 90 and 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus produced highest “ware” potato yield of 7.0 t ha-1 and 17.5 t ha-1 for Shangi and Unica, respectively. During the season, there was a build-up of soil available phosphorus. Thus, there is need for farmers to test their soil at the beginning of every potato growing season.

scholarly journals Potato Seed Piece Calcium can Influence Tuber Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592d-592
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Gunter ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Supplemental Calcium

Pathogenic bacteria (Erwinia spp.) can have a significant impact on stand establishment and sprout health. These bacteria cause soft rot of the seed piece, which is common in wet spring conditions resulting in great economic loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that the incidence and severity of soft rot can be significantly reduced by increasing tuber calcium. We investigated the influence of seed piece calcium on tuber production. Field growing potato plants were treated with supplemental calcium during tuber bulking (calcium at 168 kg·ha–1 from calcium nitrate or N-Hib) to increase the seed tuber medullary calcium levels. All three cultivars (`Superior', `Atlantic', `Dark Red Norland') responded to supplemental calcium application with increases in mean calcium contents, even though soil tests showed high native calcium levels (1000 kg·ha–1). Seed tubers were sampled for calcium by removing a longitudinal slice from the center of each tuber and planting one of the resulting halves for seed piece decay evaluation and the other for yield evaluation. Calcium nitrate-treated seed tubers produced higher yields compared to ammonium nitrate and N-Hib in `Atlantic' in `Dark Red Norland'. This trend did not hold true for `Superior'. Our results suggest that a) it is possible to increase seed piece tuber calcium levels with supplemental calcium application even in soils testing high in calcium and b) improving the calcium concentration of the seed piece can increase tuber yield in some cultivars.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyang Tian ◽  
Jiangbo Qiao ◽  
Yuanjun Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxu Jia ◽  
Ming’an Shao
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

AbstractSoil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil available potassium (SAK) are important elements in the growth of plants. However, limited data are available regarding the vertical distribution of SAP and SAK in deep soil profiles. In this study, we investigated the vertical variations in SAP and SAK in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau (50–200 m), China, by using classical statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil samples were collected from the top of the soil profile down to the bedrock by soil core drilling at five typical sites. SAP decreased throughout the profile. Whereas the SAK exhibited an increasing trend at all sites. The mean SAP concentration ranged from 0.94 to 32.56 mg kg–1 at the sampling sites and the SAK concentration ranged from 44.51 to 229.31 mg kg–1. At all of the sampling sites, SAK was significantly positively correlated with the depth and clay content, but there was a significantly negative correlation between the SAK and the sand content. The exponential model could fit most variograms of SAP and SAK at all sampling sites. The results obtained in this study to improve our comprehension of the SAP or SAK distribution conditions on the Loess Plateau, which is important for reasonable fertilizer application and vegetation planting practices.

scholarly journals Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Li Jun ◽  
Liu Lixin ◽  
Zhang Chunlei ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
Lu Guangyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Jianghan Plain ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

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