A TAPER AND VOLUME TABLE AND VOLUME FORMULAE FOR BLACK SPRUCE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-277
Author(s):  
C. L. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Area And Volume

A taper and volume table has been developed for black spruce in Saskatchewan. Comparisons with other taper and volume tables show that volume formulae are as accurate as volume tables and that it is not necessary to have a separate volume table for each tree species. Also included are more rapid methods for the calculation of average diameter, basal area and volume.

scholarly journals Forest management planning in the Terai: sharing experiences from Sabaiya, Parsa

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Y.B. Thapa ◽  
P.L. Shaha ◽  
B. Ghimire ◽  
K.C. Arjun ◽  
S. Karmacharya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Stand Parameters ◽  
Area And Volume ◽  
Future Management

The Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation is in the process of developing operational forest management mechanisms for the Terai regions of Nepal. The Sabaiya pilot scheme in Parsa is under implementation, which witnessed experiences in several issues in the process. The paper aims to share technical experiences with wider audiences. It highlights anomalies in scheme estimation and final enumeration in basic stand parameters such as basal area and volume. It presents possible reasons and provide analysis and insights for future management planning of Terai forests. The paper concludes with a need for more technical information generation, analysis and utilisation approaches in forest management in Nepal. Key words: Forest management, stand parameters, volume table, Sabaiya Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp32-34

Stand volume tables: Application to black spruce stands of Lebel-sur-Quévillon

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhun-Huor Ung ◽  
Denis Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Dominant Height ◽  
Substantial Error ◽  
Spruce Stands

Within the framework of large-scale forest management, the application of Eichhorn's law, which employs dominant height or mean height exclusively to predict tree volumes per hectare, is certainly rapid, but high accuracy is not guaranteed. Substantial error occurred when this method was used in a study of boreal black spruce stands (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Use of both basal area per hectare and dominant height, however, permitted estimation of total volume per hectare and volume to 9 cm top with only 11 and 12% error, respectively. The form factors for total volume and volume to 9 cm top showed great stability. For this reason, use of the simple conventional formula (V = G.H.F.) to estimate standing volumes is justified. Key words: Stand volume table, Eichhorn's law, stand form factor

scholarly journals Utjecaj intenziteta prorjeda na rast azijske bukve (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) u plantažama u Trabzonu na sjeveroistoku Turske

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Ayhan Usta ◽  
Ibrahim Turna ◽  
Esengül Genc ◽  
Yavuz Okunur Kocamanoglu ◽  
Selvinaz Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Area And Volume

In this study, the effects of first thinnings having different intensities in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) plantation areas were investigated in terms of diameter and height growth of trees. Sample plots were chosen from oriental beech plantation areas which are within the boundaries of Maçka–Yeşiltepe and Vakfıkebir districts of Trabzon province, Turkey. With removing of 0%, 10%, 25% and 40% of basal area in a hectare of stands which are in sapling stage, sample plots were established by applying thinnings which are in four different intensities (control, light, moderate, strong). After the thinning applications, basal areas were calculated by measuring diameters and heights of trees in established sample plots in order to reveal stand growth. The effects of thinnings were revealed related to some stand characteristics (average diameter, basal area, average height, relative diameter increment, etc.) and determined chosen trees. The effect of thinning intensity on average diameter, basal area, and volume values is statistically important in every two plantations. 2-year results showed that thinning increased the diameter increment significantly, and the increase in diameter increment was positively correlated with the thinning intensity in both experiments. Moreover, increments of diameter, height, basal area, and volume were higher in Maçka-Yeşiltepe experiment than in Vakfıkebir experiment. But, the values of moderate and strong thinning intensities applied in Vakfıkebir were close to each other. When all the results are evaluated, application of strong thinning intensity for Yeşiltepe sample plot, the moderate thinning intensity for Vakfıkebir sample plot is seen appropriate by us in terms of both stand development.

scholarly journals Response of Black Spruce to Thinning and Fertilization in a Drained Swamp

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Hillman ◽  
Sam K. Takyi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract A split-plot design experiment replicated in four blocks was established to determine the effects of thinning (main plots) and fertilization (subplots) on growth of a 50- to 60-yr-old stagnant stand of black spruce on a shallow peatland (swamp) in Alberta drained in the previous year in a large-scale experimental project to convert it to a future merchantable stand. The thinning treatments were selective hand-spacing to 1600 trees ha-1 and no thinning. The hand-broadcast fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), NP, PK, NK, and NPK. Nitrogen as NH4NO3 was applied at 200 kg ha-1, P as triplesuperphosphate at 100 kg ha-1, and K as potassium chloride at 100 kg ha-1. After six growing seasons, diameter at breast height, basal area, and volume growth were significantly greater in the thinned treatment than for the same number of large (dominant and codominant) trees in the unthinned treatment. Thinning had no significant effect on height growth. Nitrogen significantly increased dbh, height, basal area, and volume growth, and NP increased the basal area and volume growth. P, K, and PK treatments showed little effects on growth, and P applied alone tended to reduce growth. The results indicated it will be beneficial to supplement drainage with thinning or fertilization with N and N-containing fertilizers or with both shortly after drainage, particularly when other researchers have indicated black spruce may take several years to respond to drainage. North. J. Appl. For. 15(2):98-105.

scholarly journals The Riparian Tree Species Composition and Diversity of the Midstream of Halda River in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md. Humayain Kabir ◽  
Hillol Barua
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Area And Volume

Riparian vegetation has been depleting in the many river basins of Bangladesh. Consequently, this study assessed the tree species composition, structure and diversity of the midstream area of the Halda River in Bangladesh. Twenty two quadrats (20 × 20m in size) were sampled. A total of 414 individual tree stems of ≥10 cm DBH of 36 tree species belonging to 31 genera and 15 families were enumerated. Density, Basal area and volume of the tree species were measured. Different diversity indices, i.e. Shannon-Wienners Diversity Index, Simpson's Dominance Index, Pielou’s Species Evenness Index, Margalef's and Menhinick’s richness index were calculated. Fabaceae was the most represented family with nine species, followed by Moraceae, Meliaceae and Anacardiaceae. Density, basal area and volume of the trees were 470.45 stem/ha, 19.09m²/ha and 139.42m³/ha, respectively. Samanea saman was found to be dominant, showing a maximum IVI, followed by v, Mangifer aindica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The findings of the study will be helpful for the posterior researchers in their research work and their future tree based planning programs and conservation. So it is recommended that greater emphasis should be taken to proper management and conservation against over extraction and illegal felling for the maintenance of existing tree species composition and density.

scholarly journals Precision, efficiency and cost of shapes of fixed area plots for plantation ages of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina State

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Alois Zator Filho ◽  
Myrcia Minatti ◽  
Antonio Pedro Fragoso Woycikievicz ◽  
Jonathan William Trautenmuller ◽  
Nelson Yoshihiro Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Area And Volume

Generally, the forest populations are extensive and frequently require to be inventoried in short term, where the implementation of forest inventory is closely linked to the sampling theory. With objective to compare three different shapes of fixed area plots to estimate parameters of the forest as average diameter, basal area, the number of trees and volume per hectare, evaluating the respective precision, relative efficiency, cost and measurement time in four different ages. The rectangular plot had presented better precision to estimate the average DBH, number of trees and basal area and the circular plot with better precision for volume per hectare. About efficiency, the square plot had presented the best efficiency for the variable average DBH, basal area and volume and the circular plot was the most efficient for the numbers of trees ha-1. The square plot also had shown the lower cost and measurement time to estimate the variables evaluated. The rectangular plot had presented the best precision in the estimative of the variables, as well as, the lower sampling error in the most of the cases evaluated in this study, following the circular plot, and the square plot with lower precision. In relation to the efficiency, the square plot had presented the best performance and the rectangular plot the worst performance in all age classes and evaluated variables. The square plots as the best plot shape to estimate the variables average DBH, number of trees, basal area and volume per hectare.

Growth Response of Black Spruce in Newfoundland to N, P and K Fertilization

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. van Nostrand
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Area And Volume

Results are given for two NPK fertilizer trials established in 1967 and 1968 in 60-year-old black spruce stands in central Newfoundland. After nine years, replicated Trial 1 showed significant basal area and volume growth response over control for N, NP, NK and NPK treatments. N and NPK produced the greatest response where gains of 20 m3/ha and 23 m3/ha respectively were achieved after nine years. Similar results were obtained from non-replicated Trial 2 after eight years, where all treatments containing N produced approximately equal response. Maximum response in radial increment, measured from increment cores of sample trees, occurred four to six years after initial treatment. Generally, response was greater for dominant and co-dominant trees than for trees in the intermediate crown class.

Floristic Variation of Tree Communities and Their Association with Soil Properties in Pulau Jerejak, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Faezah Pardi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Floristic Variation

This study was conducted at Pulau Jerejak, Penang to determine the floristic variation of its tree communities. A 0.5-hectare study plot was established and divided into 11 subplots. A total of 587 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were measured, identified and recorded. The tree communities comprised of 84 species, 63 genera and 32 families. The Myrtaceae was the most speciose family with 10 recorded species while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the most frequent species. The Myrtaceae recorded the highest density of 306 individuals while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) had the highest species density of 182 individuals. Total tree basal area (BA) was 21.47 m2/ha and family with the highest BA was Myrtaceae with 5.81 m2/ha while at species level, Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the species with the highest total BA in the plot with value of 4.95 m2/ha. The Shannon˗Weiner Diversity Index of tree communities showed a value of 3.60 (H'max = 4.43) and Evenness Index of 0.81 which indicates high uniformity of tree species. The Margalef Richness Index (R') revealed that the tree species richness was 13.02. Myrtaceae had the highest Importance Value of 20.4%. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Diospyros buxifolia (Ebenaceae) and Pouteria malaccensis (Sapotaceae) were strongly correlated to low pH. Dysoxylum cauliflorum (Meliaceae) and Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) were correlated to phosphorus (P) and calcium ion (Ca2+), respectively. Therefore, the trees species composition at Pulau Jerejak showed that the biodiversity is high and conservation action should be implemented to protect endangered tree species. Keywords: Floristic variation; Tree communities; Trees composition; Pulau Jerejak; Species diversity

Live tree species basal area of the contiguous United States (2000-2009)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry T. Wilson ◽  
Andrew J. Lister ◽  
Rachel I. Riemann ◽  
Douglas M. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Live Tree

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
General Program ◽  
Magnetic Card ◽  
The Right

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving  the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer - In this contribution an attempt was made to perform the  calculations involving the forest inventory by means of an office computer  Olivetti P203.     The general program (flowchart 1), identical for all tree species except  for the values of the different parameters, occupies the tracks A and B of a  magnetic card used with this computer. For each tree species one magnetic  card is required, while some supplementary cards are used for the  subroutines. The first subroutine (flowchart 1) enables us to preserve  temporarily the subtotals between two tree species (mixed stands) and so  called special or stand cards (SC). After the last tree species the totals  per ha are calculated and printed on the former, the average trees occuring  on the line below. Appendix 1 gives an example of a similar form resulting  from calculations involving a sampling in a mixed stand consisting of Oak  (code 11), Red oak (code 12), Japanese larch (code 24) and Beech (code 13).  On this form we find from the left to the right: the diameter class (m), the  number of trees per ha, the basal area (m2/ha), the current annual increment  of the basal area (m2/year/ha), current annual volume increment (m3/year/ha),  the volume (m3/ha) and the money value of the standing trees (Bfr/ha). On the  line before the last, the totals of the quantities mentioned above and of all  the tree species together are to be found. The last line gives a survey of  the average values dg, g, ig, ig, v and w.     Besides this form each stand or plot has a so-called 'stand card SC' on  wich the totals cited above as well as the area of the stand or the plot and  its code are stored. Similar 'stand card' may replace in many cases  completely the classical index cards; moreover they have the advantage that  the data can be entered directly into the computer so that further  calculations, classifications or tabling can be carried out by means of an  appropriate program or subroutine. The subroutine 2 (flowchart 2) illustrates  the use of similar cards for a series of stands or eventually a complete  forest, the real values of the different quantities above are calculated and  tabled (taking into account the area). At the same time the general totals  and the general mean values per ha, as well as the average trees are  calculated and printed. Appendix 2 represents a form resulting from such  calculations by means of subroutine 2.

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