Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium fertilizers on growth of a semimature jack pine forest, northwestern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
A Site ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the spring of 1969, an experiment to test response (mean DBH, BA, BA%, and total and merchantable volume increments) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) fertilizers, singly and in combination, was established in a semimature jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest on a Site Class III sandy site in the Dryden-Sioux Lookout area of northwestern Ontario, Canada. Analysis of variance of 10-year increments revealed highly significant (P = 0.01) responses of mean DBH increment, BA and percent BA increments, and total and merchantable volume increments to N, but no response to either P or Mg. An interaction between N and P was noted, however, in relation to BA and to total and merchantable volume increments. The best treatment in terms of total volume increment over that of the control was 151 kg N ha−1 plus 62 kg Mg ha−1, which produced ca. 16 m3 ha−1 of extra wood over 10 years. Key words: forest fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium fertilizers, jack pine growth response

Ten-Year Growth in Two Fertilization Experiments in a Semimature Jack Pine Stand in Northwestern Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Control Response ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Range Test

Two fertilization experiments were established in a 55-year-old, relatively pure jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand on a Site Class III sandy site in northwestern Ontario. In both the following response variables were estimated after 10 years: mean DBH increment, BA increment (absolute and per cent) and total and merchantable volume increment. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. In the first experiment urea and ammonium nitrate at two levels of application were tested against controls. Significant increases over controls, in terms of BA and total and merchantable volume increments, occurred only with urea at 336 kg N/ha. With this treatment response was good; approximately 20 m3/ha extra merchantable wood over controls was produced over 10 years. In the second experiment N, P, and K were applied in fixed mixture, with and without lime, at five levels of application plus control. Response was generally poor with no treatment producing a statistically significant increase over control in relation to any variable. The best treatment, NPK at 1 120 kg/ha of fertilizer plus lime, produced an increase in merchantable volume over controls of less than 8 m3/ha over 10 years.

Ten-year Response of Semimature Jack Pine Forest in Northwestern Ontario to Fall Nitrogen-Phosphorus and Nitrogen-Potassium Fertilizer Treatments

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Results are reported from the third in a series of three industry-sponsored forest fertilization field trials established in an approximately 55-year-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand in the Dryden-Sioux Lookout area of northwestern Ontario. The experiment was of randomized block design and tested various combinations of N plus P and N plus K. The experiment was unique in that fertilizers were applied in the fall on approximately 5 cm of early snow. Significant increases over control for several parameters after both five and ten years were noted for several treatments. Best response in relation to total volume increment over ten years was to N at 112 kg/ha plus K at 93 kg/ha where 21.72 m3/ha of extra wood was produced.

scholarly journals Distribution and occurrence of western gall rust in thinned jack pine stands

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hills ◽  
D. M. Morris ◽  
C. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Stem Gall

Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is one of the most important commercial species in northwestern Ontario and is the principal host of one of the most serious stem rusts, western gall rust (WGR) caused by Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hirat. In 1986 a trial was established to determine, in part, effects of precommercial thinning on the distribution and occurrence of WGR in jack pine. A 9 year-old aerially seeded jack pine stand was thinned to square spacings of 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m and a control. Fifth-year results indicated that a significant quadratic trend (p = 0.014) existed between spacing and stem gall infection rate. The incidence of WGR (stem galls) increased as stand density decreased to a maximum at 1.5 m spacing, and then declined to roughly the infection rate of the control at the lowest density (3 m). A significant relationship (0.084) between crown class and the rate of branch gall infection rate was also detected. The branch gall infection rate decreased from 6.2% year−1 for dominant trees to 2.8% year−1 for trees categorized as suppressed. Based on these results, pre-commercial thinning operations should target those trees with main stem galls and/or numerous branch galls, regardless of size and crown position, and then focus on the removal of suppressed trees to meet the desired density target. This strategy should not only enhance growth of the remaining trees, but also reduce WGR inoculum levels and reduce future WGR-related mortality. Key words: jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.R Moore) Y. Hirat.), pre-commercial thinning, white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck.)

Trends in growing space efficiency of four boreal forest species based on yield table data

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Table Data

Yield tables are used to identify trends in growing space efficiency (GSE) and to relate GSE to self-tolerance and intraspecific competition. The method is useful when data specifically collected for this purpose are not available. Plonski’s normal yield tables for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) are used. An exponential volume–age function was partitioned into volume–area and area–age functions. The exponents of these two components form the B/D ratio, which is used to determine the mode of the stand at a given time, e.g., if B/D is <3/2, then the stand is in area occupation mode, and if B/D is >3/2, then the stand is in area exploitation mode. The dominant mode is the one most responsive to availability of growth resources, showing greater acceleration when resources are plentiful and more rapid deceleration when resources are scarce. Jack pine and paper birch are identified as area occupiers, whereas trembling aspen and black spruce are area exploiters and are therfore self-tolerant. Asymmetric competition was deemed to be present for paper birch throughout the life of the stand on site class I and for trembling aspen on all sites prior to senescence.

scholarly journals Five-Year Performance of Three Conifer Stock Types on Fine Sandy Loam Soils Treated With Hexazinone

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Pitt ◽  
C. Stern Krishka ◽  
F. W. Bell ◽  
A. Lehela
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract In May 1987, hexazinone (Velpar® L) was applied by helicopter at 0, 1, 2, and 4 kg active ingredient (a.i.) in 45 L of total solution per ha to a sandy loam site approximately 74 km northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Container (FH408 paper pot)jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and container (FH408 paper pot) and bareroot (1½ + 1½) black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) were hot-planted 1 month and deferred-planted 12 months after herbicide application. Survival, height, and diameter growth were monitored annually, through the fall of 1991. Jack pine container stock planted 1 month after hexazinone treatment at 2 and 4 kg a.i./ha suffered 12% greater mortality than trees planted 1 yr later. However, the benefits of early establishment and herbaceous weed control offset these early losses and hot-planted areas supported equal volumes at age 4, and 2.3-fold more volume per ha than deferred-planted areas 5 growing seasons after herbicide treatment. Black spruce container and bareroot stock exhibited high tolerance to hexazinone throughout the range of rates tested. Overall, a 1 yr delay in planting resulted in stem and stand volumes that were less than half of those observed in hot-planted areas. Growth response was positively related to the level of herbaceous weed control achieved, with 4 kg treated areas supporting volumes 2- to 4-fold greater than those on untreated areas. The data illustrate significant growth advantages associated with early crop establishment and herbaceous weed control. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):72-81.

Jack Pine Seedling Performance Improved by Pisolithus tinctorius

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Navratil ◽  
N. J. Phillips ◽  
A. Wynia
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Site

Containerized jack pine seedlings were treated with experimental commercial (Abbott) and laboratory (IMRD-USDA) products of Pisolithus tinctorius inoculum and raised at two fertility levels. After a four-month growing period, seedlings were outplanted on a Site Class 2 jack pine site in N.W. Ontario. An evaluation prior to outplanting confirmed that seedlings from all inoculated treatments had formed Pt mycorrhizae. The highest levels of Pt mycorrhizae were induced by the IMRD inoculum. Seedlings raised at the lower fertility level were smaller in size but developed more mycorrhizae than their fully fertilized counterparts. Assessment of growth one year after outplanting confirmed the superior performance of inoculated seedlings. Height growth, more than any other aspect, was very closely related to the amount of Pt mycorrhizae on seedling roots at the time of planting. Seedlings treated with the IMRD inoculum showed the greatest overall increases in growth. These increases in the second season were sufficient to compensate for the reduced initial size of seedlings due to the lower fertility. Pisolithus tinctorius was re-isolated from the roots of the outplanted seedlings and, therefore, appears capable of overwintering in the Boreal forest.

Negligible Cull and Growth Loss of Jack Pine Associated with Globose Gall Rust

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands

The height and diameter of galled and unaffected jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were compared for five stands in northwestern Ontario. The severity of infection by globose gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii [J.P. Moore] Y. Hirat.) was rated as the total number of galls per tree and the number of stem galls per tree.Comparison of galled with unaffected trees in all stands showed essentially no size difference. Tree size increased relative to the number of galls per tree in one of the stands. This relationship was interpreted as reflecting that large individuals had more sites susceptible to infection. Trees were more uniform in size for the other stands and no size difference associated with numbers of galls was apparent.Galls were observed on the branches but not on the main stem of trees studied in mature stands. Hence, defect associated with the merchantable portion of the bole was nil. Both stem galls and branch galls were fairly common in young stands, an indication that jack pines with stem galls usually die as stands mature. Observations in other jack pine stands indicate that galled tissue and associated tree parts frequently do die.

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