scholarly journals Beauty and the beast: gender differences in food-related behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Velloso Missagia ◽  
Solange Riveli Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Carvalho Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Beauty And The Beast ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Among the decisions that consumers have to make there are food choices, including the decision to eat healthily. In this way, both motives for food choice and the behavior reported by consumers can describe how people relate to healthy food, particularly males and females, and what distinguishes them. Researching of a sample of 309 people, respondents were randomly selected in order to achieve balanced age and gender. Such individuals were recruited through an offline method that consisted of contact in supermarkets. Total sample size is constituted by 174 female and 135 male respondents. The results of the logistic regression analysis pointed that the main difference between genders is the way they interpret healthiness as a motive for food choice. While men find important that the products they eat keep them healthy, women consider more important the fact that they are nutritious. In addition, other motives and behaviors that distinguish men and women in respect of food choices and healthy eating were observed.DOI:10.5585/remark.v12i1.2441

scholarly journals Perceptual salience influences food choices independently of health and taste preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dai ◽  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Jeff Moher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Choice Tests

Abstract Background Making decisions about food is a critical part of everyday life and a principal concern for a number of public health issues. Yet, the mechanisms involved in how people decide what to eat are not yet fully understood. Here, we examined the role of visual attention in healthy eating intentions and choices. We conducted two-alternative forced choice tests of competing food stimuli that paired healthy and unhealthy foods that varied in taste preference. We manipulated their perceptual salience such that, in some cases, one food item was more perceptually salient than the other. In addition, we manipulated the cognitive load and time pressure to test the generalizability of the salience effect. Results Manipulating salience had a powerful effect on choice in all situations; even when an unhealthy but tastier food was presented as an alternative, healthy food options were selected more often when they were perceptually salient. Moreover, in a second experiment, food choices on one trial impacted food choices on subsequent trials; when a participant chose the healthy option, they were more likely to choose a healthy option again on the next trial. Furthermore, robust effects of salience on food choice were observed across situations of high cognitive load and time pressure. Conclusions These results have implications both for understanding the mechanisms of food-related decision-making and for implementing interventions that might make it easier for people to make healthy eating choices.

The Changing Demographics

2008 ◽  
pp. 2284-2298
Author(s):  
M. B. Knight ◽  
J. M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Changing Demographics

As the changing demographics of the workplace influence how organizations operate, the need to reexamine relationships between these demographic variables and their effect on the organization continues. This study provides an empirical examination of the effect of two demographic variables, age and gender, and any moderating impact anxiety, enjoyment, and/or peer pressure may have on computer usage. Based on our analysis of 292 knowledge workers, we identified no significant difference between men and women and/or young and old regarding their computer usage in the workplace. Therefore, the findings from this study do not seem to support earlier research regarding age and gender, which indicated that these variables did impact computer usage. However, the moderating construct (anxiety) did appear to be significant in the employees’ computer usage.

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah C. Tanton ◽  
Thomas A. Cappaert ◽  
Paul M. Gordon ◽  
Robert F. Zoeller ◽  
Theodore J. Angelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Unilateral Training ◽  
Older Males

Purpose To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Strength (p < 0.05), mCSA (p < 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p < 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ± 15.30% vs. 42.67 ± 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ± 7.98% vs. 19.17 ± 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ± 15.76 vs. 19.67 ± 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ± 19.45% vs. 32.87 ± 15.66% p < 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ± 6.29% vs. 14.72 ± 7.28% p < 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ± 18.33% vs. 16.30 ± 15.59% p <.02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ± 12.92% vs. 29.17 ± 21.8% p <.02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ± 25.73 vs. 29.17 ± 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ± .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ± .08 kg/cm p <.02 respectively). Conclusion Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.

scholarly journals Differences in drinking patterns between men and women in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia C Wolle ◽  
Marcos Sanches ◽  
Monica L Zilberman ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Marcos Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in alcohol consumption according to age groups, and to assess gender and age effects on several aspects of alcohol consumption patterns. METHOD: Based on a Brazilian nationwide representative sample (n = 3,007), we analysed the differences in drinking patterns between genders. We also assessed the effects of gender, age, and gender by age interaction for alcohol consumption dimensions (frequent drinking, usual intake, binge drinking, and frequent binge drinking), using logistic and negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Gender, age, and gender by age interaction had significant effects on the predictive models for all studied drinking patterns, except for the 'usual' dosage. The effect of gender on drinking patterns varies with age. While gender has a greater effect in older age groups, the difference between men and women decreased in the younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gender convergence regarding alcohol use is a trend that might be influenced by environmental factors and should be addressed in prevention and treatment programs, as well as in public health policies.

Subjective Time Experience in an Intergenerational Sample

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Cooper ◽  
L. Eugene Thomas ◽  
Scott J. Stevens ◽  
David Suscovich
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Time Experience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

The roles chronological age and gender play in subjective time experience were explored in a sample of 294 adult men and women. Subjective time experience (STE: the difference between subjective age and chronological age) was found to vary widely among individuals, with some being “accurate” (SA = CA), and others either “retarded” (SA < CA) or “advanced” (SA > CA). Males were more retarded in STE than females at every point in the lifespan, and patterns of age differences in adulthood differed for the two sexes as well. The results suggest that chronological age may play a key role in transitions in STE, and that chronological age is more significant in the STE of women than in the STE of men.

Gender influence on vasoactive hormones at rest and during a 70° head-up tilt in healthy humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1401-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislaine Geelen ◽  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
Juha Hartikainen ◽  
Esko Länsimies ◽  
Kim Bergström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Orthostatic Challenge ◽  
Group I ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
And Gender

To evaluate the influence of age and gender on the neuroendocrine control of blood pressure in normal subjects, a 13-min 70° head-up tilt (HUT) was applied after 3 h of recumbency to 109 healthy men and women aged 23–50 yr ( age group I) and 51–77 yr ( age group II). We found that age and gender had a significant influence on plasma norepinephrine (PNE) concentration at baseline and in the upright position. PNE was significantly higher in older men compared with the younger men and women of both age groups, suggesting a divergent age-related activation of the sympathetic nervous system between genders at baseline as well as during a sustained orthostatic challenge. There was no significant influence of age or gender on plasma epinephrine at baseline or during HUT. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher at baseline as well as in the upright position during HUT in elderly men than in women. Age or gender had no influence on plasma vasopressin (PAVP), and, regardless of age, nonhypotensive HUT induced an extremely modest increase in PAVP. The syncopal subjects displayed a hormonal pattern associating increased PNE and a surge in plasma epinephrine and PAVP minutes before syncope during HUT. The orthostatic intolerance appears not to be a feature of healthy aging per se. In healthy subjects, both age and gender modulate markedly the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to an orthostatic challenge and must be taken into consideration, particularly when catecholamine responses are studied.

Prevalence of anal incontinence according to age and gender: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Pretlove ◽  
S. Radley ◽  
P. M. Toozs-Hobson ◽  
P. J. Thompson ◽  
A. Coomarasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Anal Incontinence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

scholarly journals Relationship between Empathy, Forgiveness and Marital Adjustment in Couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gaur ◽  
Dr Aradhana Balodi Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Marital adjustment is gaining increasing concern in the modern society. Marital adjustment is a process during which partners in a marriage change and adapt to their new roles accompanying each other acting as a team different to two separate units. Levels of empathy and levels of forgiveness could be factors in determining a relationship with marital adjustment. Marital adjustment is an important predictor and factors like empathy and forgiveness that enhance the marital quality and marital satisfaction in a marriage can be studied as mediators of marital adjustment. High levels of empathy will have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. High levels of forgiveness will have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. Focusing on forgiveness and empathy as having a positive relationship with marital adjustment, it can be said the ability to forgive a partner and the willingness to grant forgiveness is on of the most important contributors to marital adjustment. Empathy between couples means having the ability to feel and understand the thoughts and emotions of the other partner. Having the ability to listen to and relating to the partner’s feelings is very important and this has a great impact on how the relationship works thereby affecting the levels of adjustment. Methods: The current study aimed at studying the relationship between empathy, forgiveness and marital adjustment in couples. The study was conducted on 80 married individuals, i.e, 40 married males and40 married females. It was hypothesized that higher levels of forgiveness would have a positive relationship with marital adjustment; higher levels of empathy would have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. It was also hypothesized that there would be significant gender differences in regard of forgiveness and empathy between couples. Results & Implications: The study reported that higher levels of empathy have a positive relationship with marital adjustment. On the dimensions of forgiveness also the study reported a positive relationship between forgiveness and marital adjustment. There were significant gender differences between males and females on the domains of empathy and forgiveness in a marital relationship. The study provides an opportunity for further research across age and gender to uncover the possible differences or similarities that may be present. Also it adds to the already existing data pool with equivocal studies.

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