Weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part I. Winter and spring cereals

The study on weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of RPN was conducted in the years 1991-1995. The characterization of weed infestation of winter and spring cereals was based on 306 phytosociological records. made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The degree of weed infestation in the fields in the protective zone of RPN depended on environment conditions. Both winter and spring cereals in majority of soils were most infested by: Cenaturea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Vicia hirsta. In the lightest podsolic soils, made of loose sand and slightly loamy sand. winter and spring cereals were additionally infested by Equisetum arvense and two acidophylic species: Seleranthus annuus and Spergula arvensis. The crops in brown loess soil were infested by Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora. The most difficult weed species in brown soil formed from gaizes and limestone soil were: Convolvulus arvensis, Papaver rhoeas and Galium aparine. Moreover winter cercals in limestone soil showed high or medium infestation with Consolida regalis, Aethusa cynapium, Lathyrus tuberosus and low infestation with Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus. Spring cereals were less infested than winter cereals. Apera spica-venti and Centaurea cyanus were less common with spring cereals than with winter cereals. Also, spring cereals showed high or medium infestation with Convolvulus arvensis. Spring cereals in some soil units were infested by Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. There was also higher infestation of spring cereals in limestone soils with Avena fatua, Veronica persica, Sinapis arvensis and Sonchus arvensis, compared to winter cereals in limestone soils.

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Weed infestation of field crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part II. Root crops

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2004.020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (1-2) ◽

pp. 221-229

Author(s):

Marta Ziemińska-Smyk ◽

Czesława Trąba

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

National Park ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Root Crop ◽

Root Crops ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Different Soils

The study on weed infestation of root crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park was conducted in the years 1991-1995. As many as 240 phytosociological records, made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method, were taken in potato and sugar beet fields. The number of weed species in sugar beet and potato in the area depended on the soil and type of root crop. In the same environment conditions. the iiuinber of weed species was higher in potato than in sugar beet. The most difficult weed species iii all types of soil were: Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Convolvulus arvensis. Podsolic soils were highly infested by two acidophylic species: Spergula arvensis and Raphanus raphanistum. Potato in loess soil and brown soil made of loamy sands were highly infested by Echinochloa crus-galli, Equisetum arvense and Galinsoga parviflora. Root crop plantations in brown soils formed from gaizes of granulometric loam texture and limestone soils were infested by: Galium aparine, Sonchus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis and Veronica persica.

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The weed composition in an orchard as a result of long-term foliar herbicide application

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Licznar-Małańczuk ◽

Iwona Sygutowska

Keyword(s):

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Individual Species ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Senecio Vulgaris ◽

Perennial Weeds

The weed composition and the dominance of individual species occurring in an orchard were assessed at the Research Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, during the first 10 years after orchard establishment. ‘Ligol’ apple trees were planted in the spring of 2004 (3.5 × 1.2 m). Foliar herbicides were applied in 1 m wide tree rows twice or three times per each vegetation period. In the inter-row spaces, perennial grass was maintained.Ten years of maintenance of herbicide fallow contributed to a change in the weed composition in the orchard. It changed as a result of different responses of the most important weed species to the foliar herbicides. Total suppression of Elymus repens was observed in the first year after planting the trees. Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, and other perennial weeds, completely disappeared in the succeeding periods. The maintenance of herbicide fallow did not affect the abundance of Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of the soil surface covered by Trifolium repens and Epilobium adenocaulon, perennial weeds with considerable tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, increased during the fruit-bearing period of the trees. The abundance of these weeds was significantly reduced only in the rows with the stronger growing trees on the semi-dwarf P 2 rootstock. Stellaria media was the dominant annual weed. Senecio vulgaris, Poa annua, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Lamium spp. were also frequently observed. A significant increase in the abundance of annual and perennial weeds was found in the tree rows as a result of improved water availability after a period of high precipitation.

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Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1995.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Pronounced Effect ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Centaurea Cyanus ◽

Weed Infestation

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense.

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Weed infestation of cereal stubble-fields in the Lublin region

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1986.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 143-164

Author(s):

Franciszek Pawłowski ◽

Maria Jędruszczak

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Specific Species

Results presented concern the species composition, constancy (S) and indices of coverage (D) of weeds on the cereal stubble-fields on various soils in the Lublin region. The report was based upon 456 phytosociological records collected in 130 stands after harvest in the years 1975-1980. In total 245 weed species were found. They were the scarcest on loose sands - 65 species, and the most abundant on loess soil - 158 species. Each kind of soil was characterized by a specific species composition, various degrees of constancy and indices of coverage of weeds.

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Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1986.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leszek Malicki ◽

Czesława Berbeciowa

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Polygonum Convolvulus ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis and Stellaria media.

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Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960611797471534 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. SALONEN ◽

T. HYVÖNEN ◽

H. JALLI

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Average Density ◽

Grass Species ◽

Species Number ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Elymus Repens ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Galium Spurium

The weed flora in conventionally and organically grown spring cereals was investigated in southern and central Finland during 20072009. The survey was conducted in 16 regions, 283 farms and 595 fields (72 organically cropped and 523 conventionally cropped fields, of which 503 were treated with herbicides). The occurrence of weeds was assessed in late Julyearly August. Altogether 148 weed species were identified, of which 128 were broad-leaved and 20 grass species. In organically cropped fields, the average species number per field was 21 and the most frequent species were Chenopodium album 96%, Stellaria media 94%, Viola arvensis 94% and Elymus repens 89%. In conventionally cropped fields, the average species number was 12 and the most frequent weed species were Viola arvensis 83%, Stellaria media 65%, Galeopsis spp. 59% and Galium spurium 59%. The average density of weeds was 160 m-2 (median = 112) in sprayed conventional fields and 519 m-2 (468) in organic fields. The average air-dry biomass of weeds was 167 kg ha-1 (median = 82) and 775 kg ha-1 (563), respectively. Elymus repens, the most frequent and abundant grass species, produced the highest proportion (about 30%) of the total weed biomass in both cropping systems. The frequency of Galium spurium in conventional cropping and Fumaria officinalis in organic cropping had increased substantially since the previous survey in 19971999. The average size of the weed seedbank in the 5 cm surface layer was about 1 700 seeds m-2, the most predominant seeds being of C. album. Although the weed flora in Finnish spring cereal fields consists of numerous species, only a fraction of them severely threaten crop production in terms of their frequency and abundance. Weeds in conventional cropping were effectively controlled with available herbicides whereas weed management in organic cropping calls for urgent measures such as direct mechanical weed control in crop stands, which was not practised at all in survey fields.;

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The effect of adjuvants and reduced rates of crop protection agents on weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.064 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 227-234

Author(s):

Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽

Marian Wesołowski

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Weed Species ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Surface Active

A field experiment in the cultivation of spring barley was carried out in the period 2007-2009 at the Experimental Farm in Czesławice (central Lublin region) on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess (soil quality class II). The study involved 3 rates of herbicides, growth retardant and fungicides (100%, 75%, 50%) as well as different adjuvant types (oil, surface- active, mineral adjuvant). Plots without any adjuvant were the control treatment. Conventional tillage was used, while mineral fertilization was adjusted to high initial soil nutrient availability. A hypothesis was made that the reduction of pesticide rates by 25-50%, with the simultaneous addition of adjuvants, would allow health, weed infestation and lodging of spring barley to be maintained at a level similar to that obtained under the conditions when maximum rates are applied without any adjuvant. It was also assumed that particular adjuvants could show different interactions with the tested groups of crop protection agents. It was proved that the application of full recommended rates of pesticides gave the best values of the indicators relating to weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley. However, thanks to the addition of adjuvants to the spray solution, the application of pesticide doses reduced by 25% produced similar results. A higher reduction of pesticide rates (by 50%) had an adverse effect on the traits in question. In such case, there was noted higher weed infestation of the spring barley crop, compensation of some weed species, and increased stem-base infection by the fungal disease complex. On the other hand, less radical changes were observed in the case of spring barley lodging. The above-mentioned situation occurred in spite of the fact that the action of pesticides was aided by adjuvants. From the group of adjuvants under comparison, the oil adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC showed the best interaction with the crop protection agents under consideration.

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Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2001.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Andrzej Wesołowski ◽

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Cropping System ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and fenoxaprop-P-etylu) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine and Chenopodium album. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Stellaria media.

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Weed Species Composition of Agrophytocenoses in Altai Krai

Acta Biologica Sibirica ◽

10.3897/abs.7.e60884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Tatiana A. Terekhina ◽

Alyona V. Nochevnaya ◽

Natalia V. Ovcharova ◽

Irina A. Lapshina

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

The Road ◽

Poaceae Family ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Brassicaceae Family

The article reviews the weed species composition of oat, sunflower, wheat, buckwheat, rapeseed and flax agrophytocenoses on 390 fields in 21 districts of Altai Krai: Aleyskiy, Bistroistokskiy, Baevskiy, Burlinskiy, Kamenskiy, Kosikhinskiy, Krutikhinskiy, Kytmanovskiy, Loktevskiy, Mamontovskiy, Novichikhinskiy, Pankrushikhinskiy, Rebrikhinskiy, Rubtsovskiy, Shipunovskiy, Sovetskiy, Tretyakovskiy, Troitskiy, Tyumentsevskiy, Zarinskiy, and Zonalniy. The studied fields were surveyed by the route method, which involved the study of the plot by examining it along two diagonals and four sides, when the area did not exceed 20.0 hectares. Larger fields were divided into plots of 20.0 hectares before the survey. The areas adjacent to roads were examined most carefully, since it is often from the road that the field becomes infested. We used the ArcGis program to compile original maps for the main weed plant species. It was found that out of 45 species encountered, only 10 play a significant role in weed infestation and have a high frequency rate: aboriginal Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Euphorbia virgata, Lathyrus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, as well as such adventive species as Fallopia convolvulus, Setaria pumila, Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale, Avena fatua and Echinochloa crusgalli. The largest number of species accounts for the Poaceae family (33.3%). The Brassicaceae family is characterized by a slightly lower percentage of participation in the adventitious flora (27.7%). Other families are not so well represented (by 1-2 species each).

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Efficacy of some herbicides in wheat crop

Pesticidi ◽

10.2298/pif0202023r ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽

M. Budimir

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Winter Wheat Crop ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

In 2001 and 2002 field trials were carried out to evaluate efficacy of eight herbicides, alone or in the combinations, in winter wheat crop, in the Juzni Banat region. The next herbicides were examined: 2,4-D, Fluroksypyr Tribenuronmethyl, 2,4-D+Florasulam, Bentazon+Dicamba, Triasulfuron+Dicamba lodosulphuron-methylodium+Amidosulphuron Herbicides were applied after tillering of wheat was over. More frequent weed species were: Anthemis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis Delphinium consolida, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum Polygonum convolvulus, Ranunculus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica polita i Viola tricolor. The most sensitive weed species to all herbicides were S. arvensis and Ch. album. The most tolerant was G. aparine (exept to fluroxipyr). The other species were less sensitive and herbicides eficacy were good or satisfactory, exept to V. polita and D. consolida. These results sugest that all applied herbicides could be successful in broad leaves weed control in the winter wheat crop in the Juzni Banat region.

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