scholarly journals Micromorphology of the floral elements, the structure of the nectary, and the apicultural value of Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Scanning Electron

The investigations were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowers of <i>Elaeagnus commutata</i> grow in clusters of 1-4 in the leaf axils. They are actinomorphic, four-lobed, with a single perianth that is yellow from the adaxial side, while the abaxial side is silvery-white. Peltate hairs of different structure are found on both surfaces of the sepals. The conical epidermal cells of the lobes are covered with a thick striated cuticle. Cylindrical hairs were observed on the edges of the lobes. Peltate hairs also grew on the style. The dish-shaped nectary gland is located at the base of the style. Nectar is secreted through numerous, evenly distributed stomata located above or at the level of other epidermal cells. Different stages of stomatal development are evidence of the asynchronous functioning of the stomata. The nectary consists of small epidermal cells and 5-6 layers of secretory parenchyma. The deeper layers of the gland are composed of larger cells of subglandular parenchyma in which vascular bundles supplying the nectary run. Honey bees were the main pollinators of silverberry. Ten silverberry flowers produced an average of 12 g of nectar with a sugar concentration in the 29.5-34.5% range. The weight of pollen produced by 10 flowers was 3.33 mg.

Floral development in Daviesia cordata (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Mirbelieae) and its systematic implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prenner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
First Record ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scanning Electron

The floral development of Daviesia cordata Smith is studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy. This is the first study of a member of Mirbelieae. Although organ initiation in Papilionoideae is said to be almost uniformly unidirectional from the abaxial to the adaxial side, the presented floral development shows striking differences from this mode. Sepals, petals and the antepetalous stamens are initiated in simultaneous whorls, which is seen as a consequence of harmonisation of the plastochrons within the whorls. The antesepalous stamens are initiated unidirectional from the adaxial to the abaxial side, which is the reversed direction of the common mode of Papilionoideae. This is the first record of reversed unidirectionality in Papilionoideae, which can be linked with isolated findings in Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Concerning developmental aspects, the results seem to link the papilionoid flower closer to those of Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Further developmental studies are necessary to broaden the data matrix for a detailed phylogenetic analysis.

Morpho-anatomy of the cypselae of native species of Mutisieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 436 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ROSARIO REDONDA-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
TERESA TERRAZAS ◽  
ALICIA ROJAS-LEAL
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Periclinal Wall ◽  
Mexican Species ◽  
Anatomical Trait ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aims of this study were to describe and illustrate cypselae of 15 Mexican species of Mutisieae from observations using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The cypselae are heteromorphic with pilose, sericeous or glandular indumentum. The primary sculpture of the surface has two microstructural patterns: reticulate and plicate. The secondary sculpture is striate in 13 taxa, but in two species, Chaptalia estribensis and C. mexicana, differences were found in the secondary sculpture of the external and internal cypselae. The most distinctive anatomical trait is in the epicarp, which has rectangular or square-shaped cells that have a convex periclinal wall in most species of Chaptalia. The mesocarp has vascular bundles with fibers in all species of Chaptalia, but fibers are absent in Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia. In addition, the cells of the mesocarp inner layer have either thick walls or only an anticlinal wall in nine species of Chaptalia. The micromorphological characteristics of the primary or secondary sculpture of the surface, the type of trichomes and the variation they present have taxonomical value for recognizing closely-related taxa, whereas anatomical traits of the mesocarp distinguish Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia from most Chaptalia species.

The development of the glandular trichomes of Adenocaulon bicolor

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earic E. Karrfalt ◽  
Gerald L. Kreitner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Trichome Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

The development of the stalked, capitate, glandular trichomes found on the inflorescence axes of Adenocaulon bicolor was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are not initiated until the stems have essentially ceased to grow in diameter. In early development the trichomes are biseriate, but later become several cells wide partly as the result of contributions from other epidermal cells rather than exclusively from longitudinal divisions in the developing trichome. Cell divisions occur throughout the trichome primordia and are not restricted to an acropetal or basipetal sequence. The mature trichomes are relatively large, 200–250 μm high, but are entirely of epidermal origin.

scholarly journals Micromorphological Characteristics of Fruit Surfaces of Some Usable Species of the Genus Valeriana (Valerianaceae) Among Ukrainian Flora

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tsarenko ◽  
Galina Shikhaleyeva ◽  
Valentyna Minarchenko ◽  
Iryna Tymchenko ◽  
Olena Bulakh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The micromorphological features of the fruit surfaces of nine species of Ukrainian flora, namely Valeriana tuberosa L., Valeriana tripteris L., Valeriana rossica P. Smirn., Valeriana stolonifera Czern., Valeriana grossheimii Worosch, Valeriana sambucifolia Mikan fil., Valeriana officinalis L. s. str., Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. [ Valeriana officinalis var. nitida (Kreyer) Rostanski], and Valeriana simplicifolia (Rchb.) Kabath, were examined. Depending on the presence and localization of pubescence on the surface of the fruit, three groups of species were distinguished: those with glabrous fruits, those with fruits pubescent only on the adaxial side, and those with fruits pubescent on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the additional characteristics of the fruits (microsculpture of the fruit surface, shape of cuticular formations on the surface of the outer periclinal walls of epidermal cells and on the surface of hairs, and structure of the stomatal complex), which were useful for the identification of the species. At the supraspecific level, the revealed features of the fruit surfaces somewhat overlapped and could be used to identify series and sections only as additional features. Based on the studied samples from herbarium material (KW), V. officinalis var. nitida was considered synonymous with V. wolgensis since there were no micromorphological differences between their fruits. The detailed micromorphological characteristics of the fruit surfaces of all the studied species can be used for further comparative morphological investigations of different aerial parts to identify stable features independent of geographic and ecological conditions.

scholarly journals Taxonomic value of the leaf blade epidermal structure at the sectional level of Altai fescue (Festuca L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
E. A. Kriuchkova ◽  
M. V. Olonova ◽  
E. Z. Baiakhmetov ◽  
P. D. Gudkova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

Here we present results of our study on the leaf blades epidermis using scanning electron microscopy for 16species of Festuca from Altai. The factor analysis of mixed data revealed markedly differentiated groups according to theirsectional devision. This result supports the previous phylogenetic findings in the genus, except the section Aulaxyper. Thestudy also demonstrates the importance of the abaxial side of leaves in taxonomic treatment of the species, specifically theshape of long cells and silicon bodies, as well as the location of the latter.

Brittle fracture of epidermal cells by liquid shear

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
G.M. Gray ◽  
H.J. Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Press ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Liquid Shear

A suspension of epidermal cells obtained from pig tail skin by trypsinization was subjected to high liquid-shear forces in a French press. The material issuing from the press was examined by phase-contrast microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cytoskeleton of tonofibrils retained the shape of cell fragments, and subcellular organelles remained enmeshed in the network of tonofibrils. Examination of some cell fragments by scanning electron microscopy revealed the internal organization of the tonofibrils. The relevance of these findings to the problem of isolating subcellular fractions from epidermis is discussed.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of three Symphytum (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin ◽  
Hilal Baki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Symphytum asperum Lepechin, S. ibericum Steven and S. sylvaticum Boiss. were examined morphologically, micromorphologically and anatomically. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine leaf surface and trichomes of these species. These species had bifacial and hypostomatous leaf types. Epidermal cells of leaves were usually polygonal or irregular in form. The pattern of anticlinical cells may vary in different species and between the upper and lower epidermis of the same species. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic in three species. Stomata index is 27.5 for S. sylvaticum, 24.65 for S. ibericum and 21.86 for S. asperum glandular trichomes are capitate in forms and more dense on the lower epidermis than upper epidermis. Eglandular trichomes are simple, short or long, unicellular or multicellular and thin or thick. Key words: Micromorphology, Anatomy, Symphytum DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1496 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 93-103, 2007 (December)   

Petal epidermal micromorphology in holoparasitic Orobanchaceae and its significance for systematics and pollination ecology

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk ◽  
Justyna Kasińska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
The Family ◽  
Holoparasitic Plants ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flowers of holoparasitic plants have evolved several adaptations for pollination as part of their parasitic strategies. A study of the petal epidermis may be useful to systematics as well as to the knowledge of ecological and co-evolutionary adaptations between the parasites and their pollinators. The present work is a comparative study of the microsculpture of nectar guides and landing platforms in the flowers of holoparasitic species in the family Orobanchaceae. In total, 285 samples of 39 species from 10 holoparasitic genera (Boschniakia C.A.Mey. ex Bong., Boulardia F.W.Schultz, Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link, Conopholis Wallr., Diphelypaea Nicolson, Epifagus Nutt., Mannagettaea H.Sm., Orobanche L., Phacellanthus Siebold & Zucc. and Phelipanche Pomel) and as an outgroup, of six additional hemiparasitic genera (Castilleja Mutis ex L.f., Euphrasia L., Orthantha (Benth.) A.Kern., Parentucellia Viv., Rhinanthus L., and Striga Lour.) were analysed using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Types of epidermal cells were characterised, and their distribution on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the petals determined. The following four major epidermal types were recognised: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells (AS), papillose conical cells (PCS) and lobular striate cells (PLS). Two main types of trichomes were observed, namely glandular and non-glandular. Our results showed that petal micromorphology may be useful to systematics; its influence in relation to the pollinators is discussed.

scholarly journals The structure of septal nectaries and nectar presentation in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Żuraw ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Halina Laskowska ◽  
Elżbieta Pogroszewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The location and structure of the septal nectaries in the flowers of <i>Allium aflatunense</i> B. Fedtsch. were studied. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for examination. It has been shown that the septal nectaries are located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted through the single-layered epidermis surrounding three nectary slits and nectar release occurs through three openings located at the base of the gynophore, which are the outlets of the ducts connected to the nectary slits. The expanded and fused bases of the stamen filaments and the tepals participate in secondary nectar presentation. In the flowers of <i>Allium aflatunense</i>, numerous purple elements: tepals, filaments, style and pedicle, perform the role of a colour attractant. On the intensely green ovary, there occur glistening conical outgrowths of epidermal cells, which may also function as signal attractants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document