scholarly journals Micromorphological Characteristics of Fruit Surfaces of Some Usable Species of the Genus Valeriana (Valerianaceae) Among Ukrainian Flora

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tsarenko ◽  
Galina Shikhaleyeva ◽  
Valentyna Minarchenko ◽  
Iryna Tymchenko ◽  
Olena Bulakh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The micromorphological features of the fruit surfaces of nine species of Ukrainian flora, namely Valeriana tuberosa L., Valeriana tripteris L., Valeriana rossica P. Smirn., Valeriana stolonifera Czern., Valeriana grossheimii Worosch, Valeriana sambucifolia Mikan fil., Valeriana officinalis L. s. str., Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. [ Valeriana officinalis var. nitida (Kreyer) Rostanski], and Valeriana simplicifolia (Rchb.) Kabath, were examined. Depending on the presence and localization of pubescence on the surface of the fruit, three groups of species were distinguished: those with glabrous fruits, those with fruits pubescent only on the adaxial side, and those with fruits pubescent on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the additional characteristics of the fruits (microsculpture of the fruit surface, shape of cuticular formations on the surface of the outer periclinal walls of epidermal cells and on the surface of hairs, and structure of the stomatal complex), which were useful for the identification of the species. At the supraspecific level, the revealed features of the fruit surfaces somewhat overlapped and could be used to identify series and sections only as additional features. Based on the studied samples from herbarium material (KW), V. officinalis var. nitida was considered synonymous with V. wolgensis since there were no micromorphological differences between their fruits. The detailed micromorphological characteristics of the fruit surfaces of all the studied species can be used for further comparative morphological investigations of different aerial parts to identify stable features independent of geographic and ecological conditions.

Floral development in Daviesia cordata (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Mirbelieae) and its systematic implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prenner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
First Record ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scanning Electron

The floral development of Daviesia cordata Smith is studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy. This is the first study of a member of Mirbelieae. Although organ initiation in Papilionoideae is said to be almost uniformly unidirectional from the abaxial to the adaxial side, the presented floral development shows striking differences from this mode. Sepals, petals and the antepetalous stamens are initiated in simultaneous whorls, which is seen as a consequence of harmonisation of the plastochrons within the whorls. The antesepalous stamens are initiated unidirectional from the adaxial to the abaxial side, which is the reversed direction of the common mode of Papilionoideae. This is the first record of reversed unidirectionality in Papilionoideae, which can be linked with isolated findings in Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Concerning developmental aspects, the results seem to link the papilionoid flower closer to those of Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. Further developmental studies are necessary to broaden the data matrix for a detailed phylogenetic analysis.

Studies on the achene morphology of Turkish species of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) using light and scanning electron microscopy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Coşkunçelebi ◽  
Serdar Makbul ◽  
Seda Okur
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Macro- and micromorphological features of achenes belonging to 59 taxa from Turkey were observed via light and scanning electron microscopy. The findings agree with the traditional subdivision of Scorzonera into S. subg. Scorzonera, S. subg. Podospermum and S. subg. Pseudopodospermum. Members of S. subg. Podospermum were distinguished by achenes with a distinct carpopodium and horizontally striped epidermal cell surface; members of S. subg. Pseudopodospermum were distinguished by achenes with a conspicuous carpopodium and often ruminate and sometimes rugose-granulate or smooth epidermal surface, and members of Scorzonera s.str were distinguished by achenes without a carpopodium and with various combinations of surface patterns. The results also showed that the length, pubescence and surface pattern of achenes, as well as the carpopodium and anticlinal and periclinal walls of the epidermal cells are valuable for delimiting the examined species within the genus.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of the floral elements, the structure of the nectary, and the apicultural value of Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Scanning Electron

The investigations were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowers of <i>Elaeagnus commutata</i> grow in clusters of 1-4 in the leaf axils. They are actinomorphic, four-lobed, with a single perianth that is yellow from the adaxial side, while the abaxial side is silvery-white. Peltate hairs of different structure are found on both surfaces of the sepals. The conical epidermal cells of the lobes are covered with a thick striated cuticle. Cylindrical hairs were observed on the edges of the lobes. Peltate hairs also grew on the style. The dish-shaped nectary gland is located at the base of the style. Nectar is secreted through numerous, evenly distributed stomata located above or at the level of other epidermal cells. Different stages of stomatal development are evidence of the asynchronous functioning of the stomata. The nectary consists of small epidermal cells and 5-6 layers of secretory parenchyma. The deeper layers of the gland are composed of larger cells of subglandular parenchyma in which vascular bundles supplying the nectary run. Honey bees were the main pollinators of silverberry. Ten silverberry flowers produced an average of 12 g of nectar with a sugar concentration in the 29.5-34.5% range. The weight of pollen produced by 10 flowers was 3.33 mg.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Novel Fruit Surface Morphology of `Marina' Peach Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Michael A. Creller ◽  
Dennis J. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Delayed Initiation ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare the novel surface morphology of `Marina' peach [plant introduction (PI) 133984] to a normal peach (`Contender') and a nectarine (`Sunglo'). Samples were collected before, during, and after anthesis. Compared to `Contender', `Marina' showed different trichome structure, lower trichome density, and delayed initiation of trichomes on the gynoecium. No pubescence was observed on `Sunglo' nectarine at any sampling date. Trichomes were present on the flower bud scales of all three cultivars. Arrangement and structure of trichomes on flower bud scales of `Marina' differed from those on `Contender' and `Sunglo'.

scholarly journals Seed coat and fruit surface micromorphology of some Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae) species

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Surface Micromorphology ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fruits and seeds of Cynoglossum creticum Miller, C. officinale L., C. montanum L. and C. glochidiatum Wallich) distributed in the Middle and East Black Sea Region in Turkey were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Some differences were found in seed coats and fruit surfaces. SEM observations of fruit surface were focused on surface ornamentation and glochids. Two types (tuberculate and granulate) and two subtypes (granulate - punctuate and granulate - tuberculate) were observed among the species. Reticulate type of seed coat and detailed subtypes of reticulate types were determined on the basis of ornamentation of the seed coats.     Key words: Cynoglossum, Fruit surface, Seedcoat, SEM, Micromorphology, Boraginaceae doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i2.1716 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 115-119, 2008 (December)

Internal and external infections of fruits and seeds of peppers by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2865-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bashan ◽  
Y. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Bacterial Penetration ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fruit infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge 1920) Dye 1978 was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and by bacterial counts. Possible sites for bacterial penetration were through dead flowers and by proliferation of bacteria in the wart (small protuberance) area. Bacterial multiplication was observed in all warts of young, mature, and ripened fruits. Bacterial cells were bound to the fruit surface by fibrillar material. On the fruit surface, bacteria multiplied in small aggregates, submerged in slime. The slime consisted mainly of sucrose units. At later stages of disease development, the slime covered the entire fruit surface in young fruits. Typical scab symptoms appeared only in leaves of inoculated plants, whereas buds, flowers, and fruits of various sizes were symptomless, but later shed; shedding was strongest in young buds. In more mature and ripened fruits, bacterial numbers decreased and there was less shedding. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria could be detected, in enrichment culture, in low numbers at the seed site (ovary) in inoculated fruits that did not shed.

scholarly journals Appearance of phenotypic plasticity of leaves in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens during flooding

2021 ◽  
Vol 91-92 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Olena Nedukha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Corynephorus Canescens ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

The results of the study of the leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding using the methods of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, are presented. This study revealed common and distinctive signs of morphological and anatomical parameters of C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth. Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis. Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants. The subcellular localization of silicon inclusions was studied for the first time. The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established. An increase in the relative silicon content along the trichomes in the leaves’ epidermis after flooding was revealed. It was assumed that the phenotypic plasticity of C. canescens, is realized through the increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes. Such plasticity helps to optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plants, thus increasing the species’ resistance to prolonged flooding.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Significance of Seed Morphology in Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) Species from Central Europe

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazur ◽  
Katarzyna Marcysiak ◽  
Agnieszka Dunajska ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Tomasz Kałuski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, 1159 seeds of 29 Central European species of the genus Veronica were analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy images. The species belonged to nine subgenera: Beccabunga, Chamaedrys, Cochlidiosperma, Pellidosperma, Pentasepalae, Pocilla, Pseudolysimachium, Stenocarpon and Veronica, following the newest phylogenetic classification of the genus. Nine measured characteristics of seeds and nine ratios were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by post hoc testing, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In most cases, the results were not congruent with the contemporary classification of the genus. Examinations of qualitative seed features by scanning electron microscopy included the cochlidiospermous or discoid seed type, the seed shape, the general sculpture of the seed coat surface, the sculpture of anticlinal and periclinal walls and some species-specific traits such as the presence of the epidermal appendix. All these features, apart from seed shape, were useful to distinguish all subgenera and some species within subgenera: Beccabunga, Chamaedrys, Pellidosperma, Pocilla (only V. filiformis) and Veronica. The identification key based on the seed micromorphological features was prepared.

Effect of Heating Rate on Structures of Carbon Template Prepared from Cotton Stalk

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 4795-4797
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ya Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Carbon Template ◽  
Scanning Electron

The carbon template was prepared by pyrolysis with different heating rate. The weight loss and anisotropic shrinkage of carbon template was calculated. The morphology and microstructure of carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that the heating rate has evident effect on surface shape of carbon template, but little effect on weight loss and anisotropic shrinkage of carbon template.

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

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