scholarly journals Succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a deflation hollow of the Słowiński National Park, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Tadych ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Spore Abundance ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Stage 1

In the years 1994-1995, the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in eight successional stages of vegetation of a deflation hollow no. 12 of the Łeba Bar, Poland, was investigated. Early successional stages were colonized by members of the families Gramineae and Juncaceae, being gradually replaced by ericaceous plants in the middle and later stages and by trees in the most advanced stage corresponding to the <em>Empetro nigri-Pinetum</em> plant association. From the 96 soil samples collected, 21 species in three genera of AMF were recovered. The fungi most frequently found were members of the genus <em>Acaulospora</em>. The overall spore abundance, the species_ richness of AMF and the level of AM colonisation increased from stage 1 to reach a maximum in the middle stages and then gradually declined, being lowest in the forested stage 8. The values of the overall spore abundance and those of the abundances of the most frequently occurring AMF species strongly evidenced functioning in nature of the process of host-dependent differentiation of AMF communities. Of the five most numerously represented AMF species, the early colonizer and quickly diminishing in later successional stages was <em>Glomus</em> 107. The mid-late successor was <em>A. koskei</em>, and the latest - <em>Glomus aggregatum</em>. All measures of AMF presence negatively correlated with the content of organic C in the soil and most of them were negatively correlated with soil N-NO3 and P concentrations. In contrast, the occurrence of AMY and AM generally was positively correlated with soil pH and the K content of the soil.

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with three species of turfgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Koske ◽  
J. N. Gemma ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Spore Abundance ◽  
Amf Communities

Small plots of highly maintained turfs of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris cv. Penncross) and velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina cv. Kingstown) and a marginally maintained stand of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) were sampled intensively over a 15-month period to measure the populations of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with their root systems. Direct isolation of spores and trap cultures were used to assess the AMF communities. Spores of more than 18 species of AMF were isolated. The six dominant species (as measured by the abundance and frequency of occurrence of spores) were Acaulospora mellea, an undescribed species of Acaulospora, Scutellospora calospora, Glomus occultum, Glomus etunicatum, and Entrophospora infrequens. Spores of 17 species of AMF were recovered from the root zones of velvet bentgrass, 15 species from creeping bentgrass, and 14 from annual bluegrass. Soil fertility differed among the three sites, and it was not possible to ascribe differences in the AMF communities in each plot to any particular variable (e.g., host, pH, soil P). Average spore abundance was greatest in the creeping bentgrass plot (191.0 spores/100 mL), next in the velvet bentgrass plot (82.4 spores/100 mL), and least in the bluegrass plot (28.4 spores/100 mL). Spores were recovered from a significantly greater percentage of the samples from the bentgrass plots (88.5 – 96.8%) than from the bluegrass plot (76.6%). Spores of an average of 4.5 species of AMF were isolated monthly from creeping bentgrass, 3.3 from velvet bentgrass and 2.0 from bluegrass. Average species richness and spore abundance were positively correlated in the creeping bentgrass and bluegrass plots (r = 0.77, p = 0.001, and r = 0.68, p = 0.006), but not in the velvet bentgrass plot. Spore abundance showed strong seasonal trends in all three plots (p = 0.03 – 0.001), with numbers increasing from spring until November. Richness and abundance declined from December until the following spring. In the bluegrass area, which experienced summer drought, spore populations and richness also showed a precipitous decline in July and August in the 1st year of the study (1990), but not in the 2nd year (1991). No such summer decline occurred in the bentgrass plots that received irrigation. The AMF community that was circumscribed by direct spore counts from the field usually was highly dissimilar to the community that was estimated by trap cultures initiated using soil from the turf areas. Key words: annual bluegrass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, creeping bentgrass, putting greens, turfgrass, velvet bentgrass.

Root colonization and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in distinct successional stages from an Atlantic rainforest biome in southern Brazil

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zangaro ◽  
Leila Vergal Rostirola ◽  
Priscila Bochi de Souza ◽  
Ricardo de Almeida Alves ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Azevedo Marques Lescano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Spore Abundance ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest Biome

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of Piliostigma reticulatum and Guiera senegalensis shrubs in Senegal

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
A.F. Fall ◽  
H. Founoune-Mboup ◽  
S. Diatta ◽  
S. Diakhaté ◽  
I. Ndoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
Shrub Canopy ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis ◽  
Ecological Range

Piliostima reticulatum and Guiera senegalensis shrubs constitute “islands of soil fertility” in the rhizosphere, with better availability of water and more intense biological activity in the Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecosystems. There is, however, paucity of information on diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) fungi, which have a wide ecological range of associations with a variety of vegetation. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of AMF in the rhizospheres of P. reticulatum and G. senegalensis shrubs in Senegal. Soil samples were collected from around the shrubs in Keur Matar Arame and Keur Ndary Ndiaye in 2019 after a rainy season. Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi spores were isolated by the wet sieving method and identified based on their morphological characteristics (shape, size, colour, attached hyphae, and spore ornamentation). Four types of AMF were identified, namely Glomus aggregatum, Sclerocystis rubiformis, Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora gregaria. In addition, the density of spores was more abundant in the soil outside the shrub canopy compare to the soil beneath the shrub.

scholarly journals Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of early stages of a secondary succession of Atlantic Forest in South Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
Osmar Klauberg Filho ◽  
Maike Hering de Queiroz ◽  
Margarida Matos de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential ◽  
Successional Stages

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species diversity and mycorrhizal inoculum potential were assessed in areas representative of stages of secondary succession in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Within each stage - pioneer, 'capoeirinha' and 'capoeirão'- four transects were established and three soil samples were taken along each transect. The plant community was dominated by Pteridium aquilinium in the pioneer stage, while Dodonaea viscosa and P. aquilinium were co-dominants in the 'capoeirinha' stage. In capoeirão, Miconia cinnamomifolia was dominant followed by Euterpe edulis. Total spore number per 100 g soil was significantly larger in the 'capoeirinha' stage than in the other stages, although the number of viable spores was similar among stages. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the predominant families accounting for 83% of the total spores recovered. Of the 18 spore morphotypes, 10 were allocated to known species, with Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp. being the dominants recovered in all samples. Simpson's index of diversity and evenness for AMF species were not significantly different among the successional stages and AMF species richness was negatively correlated with plant species richness. Soil from 'Capoeirinha" showed the highest inoculum potential (37%). Dominance of the mycorrhizal community by few sporulators and the relationship between plant and fungal diversity are discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Han ◽  
Changchao Xu ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Qiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

Advance and Prospect of Mycorrhizal Physic Nut

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5381-5384
Author(s):  
Song Mei Shi ◽  
Bo Tu ◽  
Dai Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Energy Plant

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn., Euphorbiaceae) is one of the hottest biomass energy plant studied by scientists. This paper first reviewed the symbiosis relationship between physic nut and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The researches have showed that diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exists around the rhizosphere of physic nut. The AMF hyphae colonize root tips of physic nut to develop arbuscular mycorrhizae. The construction of mycorrhizal symbiosis relationship improves the nutritional absorption, promotes the growth and development of seedlings, and enhance the stress tolerance capacity of physic nut. This paper also displays a prospect for mycorrhizal physic nut research in the future, such as mycorrhizal system, the molecular mechanism for stress resistance and gene engineering. As an important resource of biomass energy, mycorrhizal physic nut has a huge exploitation potential and practical value.

The influence of fixation procedure on the ultrastructure of the host–endophyte interface of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Carling ◽  
J. A. White ◽  
M. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Interfacial Zone ◽  
Fixation Procedure ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The ultrastructure of the interfacial zone which separates the intracellular structures of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from host cytoplasm has been described in a variety of ways by recent investigators. Evidence is presented here which suggests that previous interpretations of the ultrastructure of the interfacial zone have been based on an artifact of fixation. Using an improved procedure, a dense, granular material was found in the interfacial zone. This material was preserved by simultaneous glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation but not by conventional prefixation and postfixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium, respectively.

scholarly journals Differential responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to long-term fertilization in the wheat rhizosphere and root endosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Ma ◽  
Huanchao Zhang ◽  
Daozhong Wang ◽  
Xisheng Guo ◽  
Teng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) to different fertilization treatments: Non-fertilization (Control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM). We employed high-throughput amplicon sequencing and investigated the diversity, community composition, and network structure of AMF communities to assess their responses to fertilization. Our results elucidated that AMF communities in the RS and ES respond differently to fertilization schemes. Long-term NPK application decreased the RS AMF alpha diversity significantly, whereas additional organic amendments (straw or manure) had no effect. Contrastingly, NPK fertilization increased the ES AMF alpha diversity significantly, while additional organic amendments decreased it significantly. The effect of different fertilization schemes on AMF network complexity in the RS and ES were similar to their effects on alpha diversity. Changes to AMF communities in the RS and ES correlated mainly with the pH and phosphorus level of the rhizosphere soil under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization regimes. We suggest that the AMF community in the roots should be given more consideration when studying the effects of fertilization regimes on AMF in agroecosystems. Importance Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an integral component of rhizospheres, bridging the soil and plant systems and are highly sensitive to fertilization. However, surprisingly little is known about how the response differs between the roots and the surrounding soil. Decreasing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity under fertilization has been reported, implying a potential reduction in the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found opposing responses to long-term fertilization managements of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the wheat roots and rhizosphere soil. These results suggested that changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in soils do not reflect those in the roots, highlighting that the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community is pertinent to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their crop hosts’ responses to anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals Plant health status effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula intermedia infected by Phytoplasma in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie- Noëlle Binet ◽  
Camille Marchal ◽  
Justine Lipuma ◽  
Roberto A. Geremia ◽  
Olivier Bagarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Amf Communities

AbstractWe investigated root communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in relation to lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia) health status from organic and conventional fields affected by Phytoplasma infection. The intensity of root mycorrhizal colonization was significantly different between diseased and healthy plants and was higher in the latter regardless of agricultural practice. This difference was more pronounced in lavender. The root AMF diversity was influenced by the plant health status solely in lavender and only under the conventional practice resulting in an increase in the AMF abundance and richness. The plant health status did not influence the distribution of root AMF communities in lavandin unlike its strong impact in lavender in both agricultural practices. Finally, among the most abundant molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), four different MOTUs for each plant species were significantly abundant in the roots of healthy lavender and lavandin in either agricultural practice. Our study demonstrated that the plant health status influences root colonization and can influence the diversity and distribution of root AMF communities. Its effects vary according to plant species, can be modified by agricultural practices and allow plants to establish symbiosis with specific AMF species.

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Semiarid Mediterranean Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3348-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Mar Alguacil ◽  
Maria Pilar Torres ◽  
Alicia Montesinos-Navarro ◽  
Antonio Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Amf Communities

ABSTRACTWe investigated communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and the rhizosphere soil ofBrachypodium retusumin six different natural soils under field conditions. We explored phylogenetic patterns of AMF composition using indicator species analyses to find AMF associated with a given habitat (root versus rhizosphere) or soil type. We tested whether the AMF characteristics of different habitats or contrasting soils were more closely related than expected by chance. Then we used principal-component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to test for the relative contribution of each factor in explaining the variation in fungal community composition. Finally, we used redundancy analysis to identify the soil properties that significantly explained the differences in AMF communities across soil types. The results pointed out a tendency of AMF communities in roots to be closely related and different from those in the rhizosphere soil. The indicator species analyses revealed AMF associated with rhizosphere soil and the root habitat. Soil type also determined the distribution of AMF communities in soils, and this effect could not be attributed to a single soil characteristic, as at least three soil properties related to microbial activity, i.e., pH and levels of two micronutrients (Mn and Zn), played significant roles in triggering AMF populations.IMPORTANCECommunities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are main components of soil biota that can determine the productivity of ecosystems. These fungal assemblages vary across host plants and ecosystems, but the main ecological processes that shape the structures of these communities are still largely unknown. A field study in six different soil types from semiarid areas revealed that AMF communities are significantly influenced by habitat (soil versus roots) and soil type. In addition, three soil properties related to microbiological activity (i.e., pH and manganese and zinc levels) were the main factors triggering the distribution of AMF. These results contribute to a better understanding of the ecological factors that can shape AMF communities, an important soil microbial group that affects multiple ecosystem functions.

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