Advance and Prospect of Mycorrhizal Physic Nut

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5381-5384
Author(s):  
Song Mei Shi ◽  
Bo Tu ◽  
Dai Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Energy Plant

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn., Euphorbiaceae) is one of the hottest biomass energy plant studied by scientists. This paper first reviewed the symbiosis relationship between physic nut and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The researches have showed that diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exists around the rhizosphere of physic nut. The AMF hyphae colonize root tips of physic nut to develop arbuscular mycorrhizae. The construction of mycorrhizal symbiosis relationship improves the nutritional absorption, promotes the growth and development of seedlings, and enhance the stress tolerance capacity of physic nut. This paper also displays a prospect for mycorrhizal physic nut research in the future, such as mycorrhizal system, the molecular mechanism for stress resistance and gene engineering. As an important resource of biomass energy, mycorrhizal physic nut has a huge exploitation potential and practical value.

The influence of fixation procedure on the ultrastructure of the host–endophyte interface of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Carling ◽  
J. A. White ◽  
M. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Interfacial Zone ◽  
Fixation Procedure ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The ultrastructure of the interfacial zone which separates the intracellular structures of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from host cytoplasm has been described in a variety of ways by recent investigators. Evidence is presented here which suggests that previous interpretations of the ultrastructure of the interfacial zone have been based on an artifact of fixation. Using an improved procedure, a dense, granular material was found in the interfacial zone. This material was preserved by simultaneous glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation but not by conventional prefixation and postfixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium, respectively.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
En Wu ◽  
Guo Rong Xin ◽  
Kazuo Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

Differential contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant nitrate uptake (15N) under increasing N supply to the soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Azcón ◽  
J M Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
R Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

The objective of this study was to determine how the uptake and transport of nitrate by two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is affected by its concentration in the medium and by the age of the AM symbiosis. Tracer amounts of15N nitrate were applied at two plant growth periods to mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal lettuce plants, which had been grown in soil supplied with nitrate to provide a total of 84, 168, or 252 mg N/kg. At both injection times, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe and Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe reached the highest values of nitrogen derived from the fertilizer (NdfF) at 84 mg N/kg. Glomus mosseae also reached the highest values of labeled fertilizer N utilization at 84 mg N/kg, whereas G. fasciculatum reached the highest values at 168 mg N/kg in the medium. The highest N level in the medium (252 mg N/kg) had a negative effect on % NdfF and % labeled fertilizer utilization for all mycorrhizal plants. Regarding the time of15N fertilizer application, G. fasciculatum-colonized plants had a minimum change in % NdfF and % labeled fertilizer utilization during the growth period (60 days application vs. 30 days application). In contrast, G. mosseae-colonized plants growing at 168 mg N/kg in the medium, decreased these two values in the latest application. The present results confirm that mycorrhizal symbiosis may be particularly important for nitrogen nutrition in plants growing in neutral-alkaline soils.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrate assimilation, nitrate uptake,15N-labeled fertilizer.

scholarly journals Physic nut plants present high mycorrhizal dependency under conditions of low phosphate availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio Liborio Balota ◽  
Oswaldo Machineski ◽  
Priscila Viviane Truber ◽  
Alexandra Scherer ◽  
Fabio Suano de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Amf Inoculation

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial tree that occurs naturally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Fruits of physic nut present an oil content of 28% on a dry weight basis. Although the plant has adapted to diverse soil conditions such as low fertility, the correction of soil acidity and the addition of fertilizer are essential for highly productive plants. Thus, the response of the physic nut to different soil phosphorus levels (P) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation must be characterized. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of physic nut seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation at different levels of soil P. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse encompassing AMF treatments (inoculation with Gigaspora margarita or Glomus clarum, and the non inoculated controls), and phosphorus treatments (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 added to soil). At low soil P levels, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on plant growth, shoot and root dry matter content, plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area per leaf and the Dickson quality index. The root:shoot ratio and the leaf area ratio were also affected by mycorrhizal inoculation and the level of P addition. Physic nut plants exhibited high mycorrhizal dependency at soil P additions up to 50 mg kg-1.

scholarly journals Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torres ◽  
Hilbert ◽  
Antolín ◽  
Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.

A new method for observing the morphology of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2128-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Brundrett ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Acid Fuchsin ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy

A new procedure using chlorazol black E has been developed for staining vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cleared roots. In a comparative study, chlorazol black E was found to be much superior to previously used stains (acid fuchsin, trypan blue, aniline blue) for showing details of internal hyphae and particularly arbuscules. This clearing and staining procedure, combined with Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, revealed details of arbuscule structure not evident with previous techniques. Field-collected samples were also stained well by this procedure. The procedure should allow more accurate assessment of roots for colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Influence of herbicide on plants in connection with formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Zh. Z. Guralchuk ◽  
A. M. Sychuk ◽  
O. V. Gumenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing

Aim. The aim of the work is to analyze the available literature data on the effect of herbicides on the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Results. The article gives a brief overview of the influence of herbicides with different mechanism of action on the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The direct and indirect effects of herbicides on the AM fungi, the different selectivity of AM fungi to herbicides and other factors influencing the effect of herbicides on biodiversity of AM fungi and the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis are considered. Conclusions. Herbicides with different mechanism of action can have a significant effect on the diversity of AM fungi present in the soil, the formation and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Their effect on the AM fungi can be either direct or indirect due to the influence on the host plant. AM fungi, in turn, can also influence the selectivity of the plant to herbicides. Studies on the effect of herbicides on mycorrhizal symbiosis may be important for increasing the herbicide efficiency. Keywords: herbicides, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal symbiosis.

Stable colonization of native plants and early invaders by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after exposure to recent invaders from the Asteraceae family

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Zuzana Líblová ◽  
Tereza Michalová ◽  
Petr Heneberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Erigeron Annuus ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are globally distributed symbionts of plant roots. Relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizae can provide crucial support for the establishment of any plant in an unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that invasions of neophytes are associated with changes in the colonization of native plants and early invaders (archeophytes) by AMF. We examined changes in AMF colonization in yarrow Achillea millefolium, wild carrot Daucus carota (native plants), tansy Tanacetum vulgare and false oat-grass Arrhenatherum elatius (archeophytes) in response to the invasion of four neophytes from the Asteraceae family, namely great globe-thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus, New York aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii agg., annual fleabane Erigeron annuus, and Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis. We found that the AMF colonization of the Asteraceae neophytes was high in the studied monodominant invasions, and the AMF colonization of the neophytes was higher than or equal to that of the studied native plants and archeophytes. Changes in plant dominance did not serve as predictors of the extent of AMF colonization of the native plants and archeophytes despite the invaded plots being associated with strong changes in the availability of primary and secondary mineral nutrients. The absence of a response of AMF colonization of native and archeophyte plant species to the invasion of neophytes suggests that AMF are passengers, rather than drivers, in the course of Asteraceae invasions in central European environments.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae of Acer saccharum in different soil types

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1824-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Klironomos
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Hyphal Coils ◽  
Spore Densities

Differences in propagule levels and in the colonization of Acer saccharum feeder roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maple forests distributed across three different soil types (brunisols, luvisols, podzols) were investigated. All forest stands were located in southern Ontario. Acer saccharum was the dominant tree species, making up at least 75% of all trees. Results show that arbuscular mycorrhizae can dominate in different soil types, even in podzolic soils with moder-type humus, which typically support ectomycorrhizal associations. In fact, total hyphal colonization of A. saccharum roots and the capacity of the soil to initiate infection units were highest in the podzolic soils compared with those in brunisolic and luvisolic soils. In brunisolic soils, the roots exhibited high arbuscular colonization, low coil colonization, low vesicular colonization, and relatively moderate sporulation levels. In luvisolic soils, colonization was similar to that of brunisols; however, spore densities were lower. Roots in podzolic soils showed very different trends, with a low occurrence of arbuscules, high levels of hyphal coils and vesicles, and much higher spore densities. Soil type can account for much of the variability in arbuscular mycorrhizal structure and functioning that occurs among different locations. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizae, Acer saccharum, brunisol, luvisol, podzol.

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