scholarly journals Coleoptile length and plant height of modern tall and semi-dwarf European winter wheat varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

A total of 124 recent winter wheat accessions of European origin were screened for coleoptile length and plant height. Most of the accessions (74.2%) possessed a coleoptile length ranging between 5.00 and 7.00 cm. The German varieties Ebi, Pegassos, Flair without <em>Rht </em>genes had a coleoptile length of 9.08, 9.43, 9.56 cm and a plant height of 97, 95 and 98 cm, respectively. The Serbian variety Pobeda possessing <em>Rht8 </em>had a coleoptile length of 9.14 cm and a plant height of 71 cm. The varieties possessing <em>Rht-B1b</em>, <em>Rht-D1b </em>had a significantly shorter mean coleoptile length (5.45 cm) and mean plant height (84.5 cm) than the varieties without <em>Rht </em>genes (7.41 and 99.6 cm). The correlation between coleoptile length and plant height was medium (r = 0.613, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.01) when the calculation excluded the varieties from Central and Southern Europe. The similar plant height, but not coleoptile length of the varieties possessing different dwarfing factors enables development of novel varieties with desirable height and coleoptile length from the European winter wheat germplasm.

Short Day Induction of Inflorescence Initiation in Some Winter Wheat Varieties

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Lower Irradiance ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experiments in the Canberra phytotron with several European winter wheat varieties, especially cv. Templar, have shown that their need for vernalisation at low temperature can be replaced entirely by growth in short days at 21/16°C for the same period. In fact, although wheat is usually classified as a long day plant, inflorescence initiation at 21/16°C in unvernalised plants was twice as rapid in 8 h photoperiods as in 16 h ones. Short day induction was fastest in photoperiods of less than 12 h and was relatively insensitive to irradiance. Inflorescence development following initiation was faster the longer the photoperiod. At high irradiance, anthesis eventually occurred in 8 h days, but not at lower irradiance. These wheats are therefore short-long day plants, and may appear to be indifferent to daylength if only their time to anthesis is observed. Although short days can replace low temperatures, there are several important differences in their modes of action, and short day induction is better not referred to as short day vernalisation. Vernalisation of developing grains in the ear was more effective in long days.

Did Modern Plant Breeding Lead to Genetic Erosion in European Winter Wheat Varieties?

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qiang Huang ◽  
Markus Wolf ◽  
Martin W. Ganal ◽  
Simon Orford ◽  
Robert M.D. Koebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Morphogenesis in early generations of winter emmer / durum winter wheat hybrids

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
L.A. Vecherska ◽  
L. I. Relina ◽  
R. L. Bohuslavskyi ◽  
O. V. Golik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
High Level ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Morphogenesis profiles in early generations of winter emmer Triticum dicoccum var. atratum (Host) Koern. / modern durum winter wheat varieties hybrids were established. High level and frequency of positive transgressions for the grain weight per spike (53.7% and 85.7%, respectively) and kernel number per spike (53.4% and 57.4%, respectively) in all three combinations were observed. Emmer plants with amber grain and high levels of positive transgressions for all performance traits and plant height of ≤ 80cm. (spike length, spikelet and kernel numbers per spike, grain weight per spike, and 1000-kernel weight) were selected in F2 hybrids between winter emmer / durum winter wheat. The inheritance coefficients varied, depending on the trait and cross combination.

scholarly journals Leaf rust occurrence in European winter wheat varieties and breeding lines

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
L. Věchet
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In 1998 and 1999, 52 winter wheat varieties and breeding lines originated from ten European countries were tested for their reaction to leaf rust, the inoculum was a mixture of races UN3-61SaBa and UN13-77SaBa. Twenty six varieties and lines stayed in the same group (susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderate, moderately resista nt) in both years, with the majority being moderately resistant. Of the Czech varieties Asta, Rexia and VIada stayed in the same group in both years. Some varieties moved from one group in 1998 to another in 1999. Some of the moderately resistant varieties and lines (Hereward, WW2568, P8634, Trakos, WW251 0, Asset, WW2564) showed a hypersensitive reaction (chlorosis, necrosis). There were differences in the number of diseased plants between groups with a different reaction to leaf rust mainly at the beginning of the epidemic

Dominant male-sterile populations for association mapping and introgression of exotic wheat germplasm

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Heffner ◽  
O. Chomdej ◽  
K. R. Williams ◽  
M. E. Sorrells
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The introgression of exotic wheat germplasm such as synthetic hexaploid (tetraploid × diploid amphiploid) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into an adapted gene pool has the potential to amplify the genetic variation for complex traits. The dominant male-sterile gene can be used to facilitate recurrent selection in wheat, thus increasing the opportunity for genetic recombination between exotic and cultivated genomes and the identification and retention of desirable alleles. Our dominant male-sterile recurrent selection project began in 1983 with the intermating of the source germplasm (Chris hard red spring wheat in Triticum tauschii cytoplasm) with 34 soft winter lines and varieties, intermated without selection for 3 generations, and then selecting male-sterile plants for agronomic type each season. After 20 generations of recurrent selection, we extracted 94 inbred lines without selection during inbreeding except for fertility. Those lines were evaluated for linkage disequilibrium (LD) on the 5A chromosome for comparison with an earlier study involving 95 elite soft winter wheat varieties of similar genetic background. For the male-sterile population-derived lines, LD decayed within 1 cM (r2 < 0.1) compared with 5 cM in the previous report for soft winter wheat varieties. This approach to introgression facilitates the potential use of synthetic wheat and other unadapted germplasm for expanding the gene pool and provides a potential resource for high-resolution association mapping of genes controlling traits of interest.

scholarly journals Variability at winter wheat varieties first generation which obtained mutagen action

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M. M. Nazarenko ◽  
T. Y. Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The purpose of our investigation was to identify the features of the depressive effects of the aftereffect of different doses of gamma-rays on winter wheat varieties of local breeding in terms of germination, survival, morphometry, yield. The parameters of germination and survival, the passage of the main phases of ontogenesis in winter wheat plants of French varieties (Flamenko and Ghayta) at the first generation were studied. The influence of mutagenic depression on parameters of yield structure (morphometry of mature plants) was established and the level of their variability was estimated too. In 2019–2020, experiments were conducted in the research fields of the research center of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. The experiments used seeds of Flamenko and Ghayta varieties, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. The variety Ghayta can be classified as resistant to gamma-rays, the variety Flamenko corresponded to high-sensitive. Parameter of germination and survival were directly correlated with increasing dose, with a dose of 200 Gy already semi-lethal, a dose of 250 Gy for variety Flamenko was sublethal, 300 Gy doze full-lethal, for the variety Ghayta sublethal was 300 Gy dose by which almost no plant material was obtained. Such parameters as plant height, weight of grains from the main spike and weight of thousand grains, weight of grains from the plant, partially number of grain from the main spike reliably reproduce the mutagenic depression. Depression of the plants is affected by the genotype of the variety more than the dose of mutagen; the plant height parameter clearly demonstrates mutagenic depression. According to the results of factor and discriminant analysis as indicators affected by genotype-mutagenic interaction should be used germination and survival, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand grains weight of grains from the plant. Doses of 100–200 Gy are optimal for further use to obtain mutations; it is possible to use a dose of 250 Gy for the variety Ghayta.

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